In this paper, capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CZE-AD) was applied to determine the compositions of hetero-polysaccharides from Chinese herbs, Angelica sinensis and flax by analyzing their hydrolyzed monosaccharides: fucose, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and xylose. Under the selected optimum conditions, the six monosaccharides could be perfectly separated within 25 min and showed significant current responses at copper electrodes. The linear ranges of the six monosaccharides were all from 5.0 x 10(-6) to 2.0 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) and their detection limits were lower or near 1.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) (S/N = 3). Experiments showed that the Angelica sinensis polysaccharide was composed of fucose, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and xylose (mole ratio 1.0:13.6:15.0:8.7:21.3:3.7), and the flax polysaccharide was composed of galactose, glucose and arabinose (mole ratio 1.0:4.98:1.1). The purity of these polysaccharides leached by the introduced leaching method was 98.3 and 97.6%, respectively. Analyzing polysaccharides by this method has some merits of speed, simple instrumentation and operation, high sensitivity and high reproducibility. 相似文献
It has been reported that polysaccharides in wine can interact with tannins and other wine components and modify the sensory properties of the wine. Unfortunately, the contribution of polysaccharides to wine quality is poorly understood, mainly due to their complicated structure and varied composition. In addition, the composition and molecular structure of polysaccharides in different wines can vary greatly. In this study, the polysaccharides were isolated from pinot noir wine, then separated into high-molecular-weight (PNWP-H) and low-molecular-weight (PNWP-L) fractions using membrane-based ultrafiltration. Each polysaccharide fraction was further studied using size exclusion chromatography, UV–Vis, FT-IR, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that PNWP-L and PNWP-H had different chemical properties and compositions. The FT-IR analysis showed that PNWPs were acidic polysaccharides with α- and β-type glycosidic linkages. PNWP-L and PNWP-H had different α- and β-type glycosidic linkage structures. FT-IR showed stronger antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of carboxylate anions of uronic acids in PNWP-L, suggesting more uronic acid in PNWP-L. The size exclusion chromatography results showed that over 72% of the PNWP-H fraction had molecular sizes from 25 kDa to 670 kDa. Only a small percentage of smaller molecular polysaccharides was found in the PNWP-H fraction. In comparison, all of the polysaccharides in the PNWP-L fraction were below 25 KDa, with a majority distributed approximately 6 kDa (95.1%). GC-MS sugar composition analysis showed that PNWP-L was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose, while PNWP-H was mainly composed of mannose, arabinose, and galactose. The molecular size distribution and sugar composition analysis suggested that the PNWP-L primarily consisted of rhamnogalacturonans and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG). In comparison, PNWP-H were mostly mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG). Further research is needed to understand the impacts of these fractions on wine organoleptic properties. 相似文献
Three polysaccharides, LTPS-1, LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 were isolated and purified from the seed cakes of lacquer tree using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The total sugar contents of LTPS-1, LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 were 931.8, 958.2 and 895.1 g kg?1, respectively. LTPS-1 (3.48 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 35.36:5.06:1:2. LTPS-21 (11.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and galactose in a ratio of 41.93:21.8:1.01:9.24. LTPS-31 (19.49 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose and mannose in a ratio of 38.31:16.44:1.1. IR analysis suggested they contained lower sulphuric acids, the LTPS-21 and LTPS-31 belonged to β-type polysaccharide. Among the three polysaccharides, LTPS-21 exhibited the strongest reducing power, scavenging activity on ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. These findings suggested that polysaccharides from the seed cakes could be potentially developed as natural functional ingredients in the food and cosmetic industry. 相似文献
The gum exudate from Anacardium occidentale contains galactose (61 %), arabinose (14 %), rhamnose (7 %), glucose (8 %) and glucuronic acid (5 %) in addition to small amounts (<2 %) of each of mannose, xylose and 4-0 methylglucuronic acid. Contrary to earlier findings, the main aldobiuronic acid present is 6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose; smaller amounts of the 4-O-methyl analogue are also present. Mild acid hydrolysis showed only two galactobioses, 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose (major component) and 6-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose (minor component). Degraded gum A, prepared by controlled acid hydrolysis, contained galactose, glucose, and uronic acid. A Smith-degradation of degraded gum A gave degraded gum B, which contained only galactose. Sequential Smith-degradations of Anacardium occidentale gum, and methylation analyses of the gum and of its degradation products indicated a highly-branched galactan framework consisting of chains of β-(1–3)-linked D-galactose residues branched and interspersed with β-(1–6) linkages. Arabinose is present as end-groups or in short (1–2)-linked chains up to five units long. Glucose, rhamnose, mannose xylose, and uronic acid are all present as end-groups. 相似文献
The influence of other hemicellulosic sugars (arabinose, galactose, mannose, and glucose), oxygen limitation, and initial
xylose concentration on the fermentation of xylose to xylitol was in vestigated using experimental design methodology. Oxygen
limitation and initial xylose concentration had strong influences on xylitol production by Candida tropicalis ATCC 96745. Under semiaerobic conditions, xylitol yield was highest (0.62 g/g), whereas under aerobic conditions volumetric
productivity was highest (0.90g/[L·h]). In the presence of glucose, xylose utilization was strongly repressed and sequential
sugar utilization was observed. Ethanol produced from the glucose caused a 50% reduction in xylitol yield when the ethanol
con centration exceeded 30 g/L. When complex synthetic hemicellulosic sugars were fermented, glucose was initially consumed
followed by a simultaneous uptake of the other sugars. The highest xylitol yield (0.84 g/g) and volumetric productivity (0.49
g/[L·h]) were obtained for substrates containing high arabinose and low glucose and mannose contents. 相似文献
Four polysaccharides BJP50, BJP60, BJP70 and BJP80 (total named BJPs) were separated from Herba Patriniae via gradient ethanol precipitation with 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, respectively. After decolorization and deproteinization, their physicochemical features and antioxidant activities were investigated. The results showed that the total sugar content of BJPs accounted above 50% but no protein contained, while BJP50 and BJP60 contained a small amount of uronic acid. GC analysis indicated that BJPs were mainly composed of galactose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, xylose and rhamnose. From BJP50 to BJP80, the types of monosaccharides and the content of arabinose, glucose and mannose increased but that of galactose and rhamnose decreased, and their molecular weights gradually reduced from 2.3 × 106 to 4.5 × 103. BJPs had a good thermal stability with the order of BJP80 > BJP70 > BJP60 > BJP50. The vitro bioactivity assay showed that BJP80 and BJP70 exhibited stronger scavenging capacities for DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl free radicals than that of BJP60 and BJP50. As the concentration reached 4 mg/mL, the scavenging capacities of BJP80 and BJP70 on DPPH and hydroxyl free radical were up to 92% and 95%, respectively, and their antioxidant activities gradually approached to the positive control. 相似文献
Flocculation is a desirable property in industrial yeasts and is particularly important in the fuel ethanol industry because it provides a simple and cost-free way to separate yeast cells from fermentation products. In the present study, the effect of pH and lignocellulose-derived sugars on yeast flocculation was investigated using a flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MA-R4, which has been recombinantly engineered to simultaneously co-ferment glucose and xylose to ethanol with high productivity. The flocculation level of MA-R4 dramatically decreased at pH values below 3.0 during co-fermentation of glucose and xylose. Sedimentation and microscopic observation revealed that flocculation was induced in MA-R4 when it fermented glucose, a glucose/xylose mixture, or mannose, whereas attempts to ferment xylose, galactose, and arabinose led to the loss of flocculation. MA-R4 fermented xylose and galactose more slowly than glucose and mannose. Therefore, the various flocculation behaviors shown by MA-R4 should be useful in the control of ethanol fermentation processes. 相似文献
The titrimetric determination of glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and sucrose with potassium ditelluratocuprate(III) is described. On heating, pentoses and hexoses consume 20 and 24 equivalents of copper(III) per mole respectively, and sucrose consumes 48 equivalents. 相似文献
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to deduce the correlation between the monosaccharide composition ratios of 10 regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes and their in vitro macrophage stimulatory activities. Arabinose, xylose, mannose and galactose were identified as the monosaccharides that could be related to macrophage stimulatory activities. Additional principal component analysis and factor analysis methods were used to treat the same monosaccharide composition ratio data and the compositions of arabinose, xylose, mannose and galactose were found to be important. Interestingly, glucose, although presented in large compositions in all strains presumably forms the backbone of the polysaccharide structures, is not selected as the determinant factor for either structural characteristics or that of the in vitro macrophage stimulatory activities. 相似文献
A water-soluble polysaccharide, HM_(41), was obtained from Halenia elliptica D. Don by acidic ethanol fractionation and gel filtration. Its homogeneity was confirmed by chromatography using multiple systems. HM_(41) was composed of rhamnose(Rha), arabinose(Ara), xylose(Xyl), mannose(Man),galactose(Gal), glucose(Glc) with a molar ratio of 1.0:5.5:1.8:3.0:9.4:21. The average molecular weight of HM_(41) was approximately 1.17 * 10~4. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation and GC, IR,NMR, XRD, GC–MS analysis were used for the structural analysis of HM_(41). Its main chain was composed mainly of β-(1→4)Gal, β-(1→4)Glc and β-(1→6)Glc. β-(1 →4)Gal were substituted at 6-O and on average there were 14 branches among 23 main chain residues;(1→ 4)Glc had no branch;(1→6)Glc were substituted at 3-O and on average there were 9 branches among 14 main chain residues. The side chain was composed of(1→3,6)-Rha,(1→4)/(1→5)-Ara,(1 →4)/(1→5)-Xyl,(1→4,6)-Man and(1→2)-Glc. The terminal residue was composed of Ara, Xyl, Man, Gal, and Glc. Then, we demonstrated that HM and HM_(41) had strong scavenging activities in vitro hydroxyl. Overall, HM and HM_(41) may have potential applications in the antioxidants for medical and food industry. 相似文献
We optimized the hot water extraction of polysaccharides from the root of Henry wood betony (RHWPs) using a uniform test and explored their anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 40 min extraction time, liquid/solid ratio 30 mL/g, 100 min soaking time, two extraction cycles, 100% ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 80 °C. The molecular weight distribution of RHWPs with MWs was 228,600 g/mol and 5001 g/mol. The IR spectrum further indicated that RHWPs are acidic polysaccharides containing pyranose and furan rings. The main monosaccharides found in RHWPs were mannose, ribose, l-rhamnose monohydrate, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. RHWPs inhibited the proliferation of S180 tumor cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. Oral administration of RHWPs to tumor-bearing mice significantly inhibited the growth of the S180 xenografts, accelerated apoptosis in tumor cells, and expanded the necrotic regions. Furthermore, RHWPs also markedly increased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 in the sera of tumor-bearing mice, and activated immune cells such as lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages, thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, RHWPs are a promising anti-tumor agent that ought to be explored further. 相似文献