用于生物标记的半导体量子点研究

半导体量子点的独特光学性质使之成为理想的荧光探针材料,在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文评述了目前量子点合成、表面修饰、结合生物分子的方法,以及半导体量子点在生物标记应用中相对于传统有机染料的优点.     

量子点敏化太阳能电池研究进展

量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)因其制备成本低、工艺简单及量子点(QDs)本身的优异性能(如尺寸效应、多激子效应)等优点,近年来受到广泛关注。在此类电池中,无机半导体量子点敏化剂作为吸光材料,其自身的光电性质、制备方法、表面缺陷、化学稳定性及其在TiO₂光阳极上的敏化方法等是影响电池性能的关键。本文综述了无机半导体量子点敏化剂(包括窄带隙二元量子点、多元合金量子点及Type-Ⅱ核壳量子点)的最新研究进展,重点介绍了胶体量子点的制备方法;分类阐释了量子点在TiO₂光阳极表面的沉积与敏化方法,特别是双官能团辅助自组装吸附法;总结了针对提高电子注入效率和减少复合的量子点表面修饰方法;最后简要介绍了QDSCs的电解质和对电极的研究进展。     

量子点标记天花粉蛋白的研究

将半导体量子点应用于记天花粉蛋白,研究了量子占标记天花粉蛋白的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和酶活性变化,与游离的QDs 相比,QDs-TCS的吸收光谱在400－600nm范围内不发生明显变化,QDs-TCS的发射光普发生蓝移,但发射半宽不变,标记上QDs后TCS的酶活性没有发生改变,利用双光子激发扫描荧光显微镜和激光共取焦显微镜同时观察QDs-TCS在人绒癌细胞内的分布发现,QDs-TCS能够跨膜进入细胞,并在细胸核周围呈聚集分布。     

量子点制备与表面修饰

量子点具有荧光强度高、光化学稳定性高、可反复多次激发等优点,在生物医学以及新能源等方面有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了量子点的制备与表面修饰,制备方法主要包括沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、水热法等,表面修饰方法主要有双功能团配体交换、硅烷化、聚合物包埋等。     

量子点在法庭科学手印显现中的研究进展

随着纳米技术的进步,纳米颗粒正在被逐步应用到法庭科学领域的手印检验之中。近年来,半导体量子点因其良好的荧光特性而备受国内外法庭科学家的推崇,但大多数半导体量子点具有毒性,且会对环境造成污染,这些问题制约了半导体量子点在法庭科学领域中的应用。与传统有机染料和金属内核的半导体量子点相比,碳量子点具有毒性低、污染小、生物相容性优异的特点,现已应用于医学、生物、化学等多个领域。本文综述了半导体量子点在手印显现中的应用,介绍了碳量子点的研究进展,并指出碳量子点显现手印是今后法庭科学领域的重要研究方向。     

半导体荧光量子点标记技术

生命体系中化学、生物信息的活体、原位、实时、动态和高灵敏获取,是当前生命科学研究中迫切需要解决的关键问题之一,发展相关的新技术与新方法至关重要。半导体荧光量子点因其优异的荧光特性可望在解决此类难题中发挥重要作用而日益受到关注。本文将根据我们课题组多年来的研究工作经验,就半导体荧光量子点标记技术的相关基础问题、在生物医学领域中的应用以及发展前景等做简要评述。     

新型荧光物质——量子点在生命科学领域的应用研究进展

半导体荧光量子点因其特有的荧光性质而成为生命科学领域生物标记材料研究的前沿内容。本文综述了高荧光效率量子点的各种制备方法以及在生命科学领域应用的研究进展。     

近红外量子点的研究进展

量子点具有优异的光学性能及丰富的表面化学性质,在生物医学分析领域具有较好应用前景。近红外窗口生物成像所具有的背景干扰小、穿透深度大等特点,使得近红外量子点在生物成像应用中更具优势。本文介绍了近红外量子点从早期含Cd、含Pb量子点到近年来新型无Cd、无Pb量子点的发展历程,以及其在生物医学成像领域的应用,着重介绍了新型低毒性近红外量子点的研究进展。     

量子点比率荧光探针研究进展

量子点(QDs)是一种纳米发光粒子,具有优异的发光性能,在太阳能利用、荧光检测等方面具有广阔的应用前景。QDs与另一荧光团复合可构建比率荧光探针,实现可视化检测目标物并且提高了检测灵敏度。本文主要对QDs比率荧光探针的种类、构建方法和应用领域的研究进展进行综述,并对其中的不足进行分析,以期为研发具有优异性能的比率荧光探针提供借鉴。     

量子点的光学特征及其在生命科学中的应用

量子点是近几年发展起来的新型纳米材料,是直径在1～100nm的一类半导体纳米粒子,具有宽的激发光谱、窄的发射光谱、可精确调谐的发射波长、可忽略的光漂白等优越的荧光特性,可以很好地用于荧光标记,可以成为一类理想的生物荧光探针.虽然其研究起步较晚,但因其独特的光学和电子学性质而成为人们关注的一个热点.本文概述了量子点基本知识及特性、量子点的制备方法、标记方法以及在生命科学尤其在免疫分析、快速诊断中的应用进展及前景展望.     

A Novel Graphene Quantum Dot-Based mRNA Delivery Platform

Abstract : During the last decades, there has been growing interest in using therapeutic messager RNA (mRNA) together with drug delivery systems. Naked, unformulated mRNA is, however, unable to cross the cell membrane and is susceptible to degradation. Here we use graphene quantum dots (GQDs) functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a novel mRNA delivery system. Our results show that these modified GQDs can be used to deliver intact and functional mRNA to Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells at low doses and, that the GQDs are not toxic, although cellular toxicity is a problem for these first-generation modified particles. Functionalized GQDs represent a potentially interesting delivery system that is easy to manufacture, stable and effective.     

抗肿瘤药物输送系统

大多数小分子抗肿瘤药物均存在水溶性差、给药量大、体内半衰期短等问题,它们经口服或静脉注射给药后,只能通过自由扩散方式进入细胞,往往缺乏选择性,同时,对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞产生细胞毒性,具有较强的毒副作用,甚至对患者造成二次伤害。因此,它们在临床应用上受到很大限制。通过选择适宜的载体材料构筑抗肿瘤药物输送系统（如胶束、凝胶、纳米粒子等）,不仅可以延长小分子抗肿瘤药物的半衰期、降低其毒副作用,而且还可提高其溶解性和生物利用度,因而受到广大科研人员及制药企业的广泛重视。到目前为止,抗肿瘤药物输送系统的发展历史已有60多年,大致可分为传统型、智能型和靶向型三个不同的发展阶段。本文将从这三个不同发展阶段来综述抗肿瘤药物输送系统及其最新的研究进展,并对其未来的发展进行展望。     

智能水凝胶双抗癌药物控释体系

近年来,基于联合用药策略的双药物控释体系的研究为降低抗癌药物毒性和提高疗效提供了有效途径。水凝胶作为一类高临床应用价值的药物载体,在药物控释方面具有广泛的应用前景。癌症是危害人类健康和生命的疾病之一,当人体内正常细胞发生癌变后,癌变细胞周围会发生一些显著的变化。因此,根据肿瘤细胞与正常细胞在体内环境及体外环境的差异,发展了多种智能型水凝胶双抗癌药物控释载体。它能够在感知外界因素的刺激下发生内部结构的变化,从而实现对药物的可控释放。与此同时,随着新的治疗手段的兴起和更多抗癌作用靶点的发现,水凝胶载体也成功实现了化学药物和生物治疗因子的同时负载和可控释放。本文将从不同智能型水凝胶载体如何负载、控释双抗癌药物及水凝胶药物载体中药物的组合方式两方面综述智能型水凝胶双抗癌药物控释体系最新研究进展,并展望其发展前景。     

萘普生在新型缓释系统中的释药

亲水凝胶;萘普生;二醋酸纤维素;致孔剂;新型药物缓释系统     

聚合物纳米粒子用于给药载体

聚合物纳米粒子用于给药载体具有广阔的前景，本文按聚合物纳米粒子的主要制备方法（单体聚合法，聚合物后分散法和两亲性聚合物自组装法等）综述了它近十年来在药物靶向输送上的应用研究进展。     

Photomechanical Polymer Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery Devices

We demonstrate a novel structure based on smart carbon nanocomposites intended for fabricating laser-triggered drug delivery devices (DDDs). The performance of the devices relies on nanocomposites’ photothermal effects that are based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Upon evaluating the main features of the nanocomposites through physicochemical and photomechanical characterizations, we identified the main photomechanical features to be considered for selecting a nanocomposite for the DDDs. The capabilities of the PDMS/CNPs prototypes for drug delivery were tested using rhodamine-B (Rh-B) as a marker solution, allowing for visualizing and quantifying the release of the marker contained within the device. Our results showed that the DDDs readily expel the Rh-B from the reservoir upon laser irradiation and the amount of released Rh-B depends on the exposure time. Additionally, we identified two main Rh-B release mechanisms, the first one is based on the device elastic deformation and the second one is based on bubble generation and its expansion into the device. Both mechanisms were further elucidated through numerical simulations and compared with the experimental results. These promising results demonstrate that an inexpensive nanocomposite such as PDMS/CNPs can serve as a foundation for novel DDDs with spatial and temporal release control through laser irradiation.     

智能性药物释放体系

本文综述了智能性药物释放体系的进展,结合智能高聚物对化学及物理响应性聚合物为基础的体系,结合我们的工作对其自反馈释放及通-断特性进行了探讨。     

Multivalent Aptamer-modified DNA Origami as Drug Delivery System for Targeted Cancer Therapy

In spite of great development in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)for improved therapeutic efficacy,it remains challenging for effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to targeted tumor cells.In this work,we report a triangle DNA origami as targeted DDS for cancer therapy.DNA origami shows excellent biocompatibility and stability in cell culture medium for 24 h.In addition,the DNA origami structures conjugated with multivalent aptamers enable for efficient delivery of anticancer drug doxorubicin(Dox)into targeted cancer cell due to their targeting function,reducing side effects associated with nonspecific distribution.Moreover,we also demonstrated that the multivalent aptamer-modified DNA origami loading Dox exhibits prominent therapeutic efficacy in vitro.Accordingly,this work provides a good paradigm for the development of DNA origami nanostructure-based targeted DDS for cancer therapy.     

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-Hydrogels System for Drug Delivery: Nanohybrid Technology Perspective

Advanced hybrid component development in nanotechnology provides superior functionality in the application of scientific knowledge for the drug delivery industry. The purpose of this paper is to review important nanohybrid perspectives in drug delivery between nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and hydrogel systems. The hybrid system may result in the enhancement of each component’s synergistic properties in the mechanical strength of the hydrogel and concomitantly decrease aggregation of the NLC. The significant progress in nanostructured lipid carriers–hydrogels is reviewed here, with an emphasis on their preparation, potential applications, advantages, and underlying issues associated with these exciting materials.