Gravitational instability of the primordial plasma: Anisotropic evolution of structure seeds

We study how the presence of a background magnetic field, of intensity compatible with current observation constraints, affects the linear evolution of cosmological density perturbations at scales below the Hubble radius. The magnetic field provides an additional pressure that can prevent the growth of a given perturbation; however, the magnetic pressure is confined only to the plane orthogonal the field. As a result, the “Jeans length” of the system not only depends on the wavelength of the fluctuation but also on its direction, and the perturbative evolution is anisotropic. We derive this result analytically and back it up with direct numerical integration of the relevant ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations during the matter-dominated era. Before recombination, the kinetic pressure dominates and the perturbations evolve in the standard way, whereas after that time magnetic pressure dominates and we observe the anisotropic evolution. We quantify this effect by estimating the eccentricity ?   of a Gaussian perturbation in the coordinate space that was spherically symmetric at recombination. For a perturbations at the sub-galactic scale, we find that ?=0.7$?=0.7$ at z=10$z=10$ taking the background magnetic field of order 10⁻⁹${10}^{-9}$ gauss.     

Primordial large-scale electromagnetic fields from gravitoelectromagnetic inflation

We investigate the origin and evolution of primordial electric and magnetic fields in the early universe, when the expansion is governed by a cosmological constant Λ₀${\Lambda }_0$. Using the gravitoelectromagnetic inflationary formalism with A₀=0$A_0=0$, we obtain the power of spectrums for large-scale magnetic fields and the inflaton field fluctuations during inflation. A very important fact is that our formalism is naturally non-conformally invariant.     

Primordial curvature perturbation during and at the end of multi-field inflation

We study the generation of the primordial curvature perturbation in multi-field inflation. Considering both the evolution of the perturbation during inflation and the effects generated at the end of inflation, we present a general formula for the curvature perturbation. We provide the analytic expressions of the power spectrum, spectral tilt and non-Gaussianity for the separable potentials of two inflaton scalars, and apply them to some specific models.     

The dynamical behavior of homogeneous scalar-field spacetimes with general self-interaction potentials

The dynamics of homogeneous Robertson–Walker cosmological models with a self-interacting scalar field source is examined here in full generality, requiring only the scalar field potential to be bounded from below and divergent when the field diverges. In this way we are able to give a unified treatment of all the already studied cases—such as positive potentials which exhibit asymptotically polynomial or exponential behaviors—together with its extension to a much wider set of physically sensible potentials. Since the set includes potentials with negative inferior bound, we are able to give, in particular, the analysis of the asymptotically anti De Sitter states for such cosmologies.     

现代数字物理教学连载②——关于电流磁场的数字教学研究

以电磁场的教学为例,介绍了数字物理教学的重要作用,并借助现代数字技术,解决了长期以来基础物理教学未能处理好的环形电流及螺线管磁场和交变电磁场的问题,丰富了电磁学的教学内容,提高了学生处理实际问题的能力．     

Relativistic Cosmology 1999: Issues and Problems

This paper considers relativistic issues arising in the study of cosmology today.     

On the points of bifurcation along the sequence of rotating axisymmetric masses with magnetic fields

It is shown that the points of bifurcation belonging to the third harmonics along the sequence of Maclaurin spheroids viewed from an inertial frame are distinct from the corresponding points along the Maclaurin sequence considered stationary in a rotating frame and occur at eccentricitye=0·73113 ande=0·99608; the Maclaurin spheroids having become dynamically unstable before the second point is reached. A toroidal magnetic field leaves these points uneffected, while a general poloidal field may either raise or lower these points of bifurcation.     

脉冲强磁场磁特性科学测量系统及其应用

作为一种极端条件下的实验技术,脉冲强磁场下的磁化测量在磁性材料等研究领域发挥着重要作用。武汉国家脉冲强磁场科学中心建成了两套先进的脉冲强磁场磁化测量系统,并已对外开放运行。文章介绍了该测量系统的组成、测量原理和系统特点,以及该系统在量子磁性材料、功能磁性材料、强关联材料等研究领域中的应用,并对未来的发展提出了展望。     

Mass spectrometry of gamrna‐irradiated amino acids and peptides

Changes in the mass spectra of amino acids and dipeptides have been observed after γ-radiolysis. The primary reaction in the dipeptides is bond cleavage. Pyrolysis reactions due to local heating appear to play no part in the radiolysis of these substances in the solid state.     

Ionization energies of beryllium in strong magnetic fields

We have develop an effective frozen core approximation to calculate energy levels and ionization enegies of the beryllium atom in magnetic field strengths up to 2.35×105T. Systematic improvement over the Hartree-Fock results for the beryllium low-lying states has been accomplished.     

NMR signal averaging in 62T pulsed fields

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments in pulsed high magnetic fields up to 62T at the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden) are reported. The time dependence of the magnetic field is investigated by observing various free induction decays (FIDs) in the vicinity of the maximum of the field pulse. By analyzing each FID's phase and its evolution with time the magnetic field's time dependence can be determined with high precision. Assuming a quadratic or cubic dependence on time near the field maximum its confidence is found to be better than ± 0.03ppm at low fields and ± 0.8ppm near 62T. In turn, the thus obtained time dependence of the field can be used to demodulate and phase-correct all FIDs so that they appear phase-locked to each other. As a consequence signal averaging is possible. The increase in signal-to-noise ratio is found to be close to that expected theoretically. This shows that the intrinsic time dependence of the pulsed fields can be removed so that the NMR signals appear to be taken at rather stable static field. This opens up the possibility of performing precise shift measurements and signal averaging also of unknown, weak signals if a reference signal is measured during the same field pulse with a double-resonance probe.     

Neutron Scattering on Magnetic Materials Under Extreme Conditions

Many materials exhibit various magnetic phenomena as a function of magnetic field, temperature and/or pressure. Usually, bulk magnetic measurements provide first information on the magnetic state of the material by measuring their response on the applied magnetic field. However, it is necessary to investigate materials also on a microscopic scale. This is often done by means of neutron scattering. In this contribution we discuss basic ideas of this method and we report on few experimental results obtained with a split-pair coil 14.5 T superconducting magnet which can be combined with dilution stick offering temperatures as low as 30 mK and/or with a small clamped-type pressure cell which offers pressure up to 1.0 GPa.     

NMR in pulsed magnetic field

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in pulsed magnetic fields up to 30.4 T focused on ¹H and ⁹³Nb nuclei are reported. Here we discuss the advantage and limitation of pulsed field NMR and why this technique is able to become a promising research tool.     

Natural generation and amplification of magnetic seed fields

We show, using a covariant and gauge– invariant approach to cosmological perturbation theory, that velocity and gravitational wave perturbations of the Friedmann– Lemaître– Robertson– Walker (FLRW) model can lead to the generation and amplification of cosmic magnetic fields. It is argued that under certain conditions these fields can reach strengths capable of supporting the galactic dynamo mechanism.     

Aligned Electric and Magnetic Weyl Fields

The results on the non-existence of purely magnetic solutions are extended to the wider class of spacetimes which have homothetic electric and magnetic Weyl fields. This class is a particularization of the spacetimes admitting a direction for which the relative electric and magnetic Weyl fields are aligned. We give an invariant characterization of these metrics and study the properties of their Debever null vectors. The directions observing aligned electric and magnetic Weyl fields are obtained for every Petrov-Bel type.     

Strong lensing in the Einstein–Straus solution

We analyse strong lensing in the Einstein–Straus solution with positive cosmological constant. Our result confirms Rindler and Ishak’s finding that a positive cosmological constant decreases the bending of light by an isolated spherical mass. In agreement with an analysis by Ishak et al., this decrease is found to be attenuated by a homogeneous mass distribution added around the spherical mass and by a recession of the observer. For concreteness we compare the theory to the light deflection of the lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112. To the memory of Jürgen Ehlers.     

计算机操作中人体静电放电辐射瞬态电场与磁场的研究

分析了静电放电（ESD）辐射场的偶极子模型。用高采样速率数字示波器和定做的宽带电磁与磁场探头测量了计算机操作中人体静电放电产生的瞬态电场与磁场。用FFT分析了静电放电辐射场的频谱。研究了静民放电辐射场对某电路高频信号的影响。研究结果表明,即使是很低电压（2kV）的静电放电,其辐射近场的电场达几百V/m,磁场可达几十A/m静电放电辐射场的频谱极宽,从数兆赫到数千兆赫。静电放电对高频电路的试验结果表明,若不采取有效的防护措施,人体静电放电辐射电磁场会对电路造成一定的影响,如对集成电路与元器件造成“潜在效应”的损害,对电路造成电磁干扰,甚至损坏电子器件。     

Role of Modified Chaplygin Gas in Bianchi Type-I Universe

We have studied the evolution of a homogeneous, anisotropic universe given by a Bianchi type-I cosmological model with modified Chaplygin gas. We have assumed that the equation of state of this modified model is valid from the radiation era to the ΛCMD model. We have used state-finder parameters in characterizing different phase of the model.