丙酮分子的共振增强多光子电离解离过程的实验研究

报道了在280—286.5nm区域内，通过共振增强多光子电离-飞行时间质谱和质量选择光电离激发谱对丙酮分子的光电离和光解离通道进行了研究，并对部分碎片离子的分质量激发谱进行了归属和标识.实验结果表明，在280—286.5nm紫外光波段内，丙酮分子以母体分子的电离通道为主，即首先电离生成母体离子然后母体离子再吸收光子解离生成碎片离子. 关键词： 丙酮 共振增强多光子电离 飞行时间质谱     

Bond cutting in K‐doped tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminium

A series of Al 2p, K 2p, O 1s and N 1s core‐level spectra have been used to characterize the interaction between potassium (K) and tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq₃) molecules in the K‐doped Alq₃ layer. All core‐level spectra were tuned to be very surface sensitive in selecting various photon energies provided by the wide‐range beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan. A critical K concentration (x = 2.4) exists in the K‐doped Alq₃ layer, below which the K‐doped atoms generate a strained environment near the O and N atoms within 8‐quinolinoline ligands. This creates new O 1s and N 1s components on the lower binding‐energy side. Above the critical K coverage, the K‐doped atoms attach the O atoms in the Al—O—C bonds next to the phenoxide ring and replace Al—O—C bonds by forming K—O—C bonds. An Alq₃ molecule is disassembled into Alq₂ and Kq by bond cutting and bond formation. The Alq₂ molecule can be further dissociated into Alq, or even Al, through subsequent formations of Kq.     

激发态分子内质子转移分子2-羟基-1-萘甲醛半碳酰腙的光谱特性

通过考察2-羟基-1-萘甲醛半碳酰腙(HNLSC)在不同极性溶剂中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,详细研究了HNLSC分子在不同溶剂及酸、碱条件下的不同构型,证实了HNLSC具有典型的ESIPT特性。在非极性溶剂中分子主要以分子内氢键的闭式构型存在,这种闭式构型使分子具有ESIPT特性,在环己烷溶剂和高酸度极性溶剂中分子均表现出～415nm的正常荧光和～435nm处的反常ESIPT荧光。在极性质子溶剂中,因溶质和溶剂之间形成了分子间的氢键以及进一步去质子化,HNLSC形成了基态的溶剂化开式构型和离子构型,在吸收光谱中表现出～395nm的离子构型特征吸收。开式构型和离子构型阻断了分子内质子转移途径,因而在荧光光谱中仅表现出一个特征峰。实验进一步通过三乙胺和稀硫酸调节溶液体系的极性和酸度环境,证明在不同溶剂极性和酸度环境下,HNLSC分子不仅存在萘环上羟基变化引起的多种互变异构体间的转化平衡,同时存在—CHN—NH—CO—NH2结构域的烯醇式和酮式结构的相互转化。     

Au(111)表面单个钴酞菁分子的去氢过程

利用低温超高真空扫描隧道显微镜对单个钴酞菁分子实现了选键化学反应.通过对吸附于Au(111)表面的单个钴酞菁分子外围H原子的"剪裁",并用实验图像和谱学方法,结合第一性原理理论计算研究了逐步去除钴酞菁分子8个外围H原子的过程.理论计算结果再现了实验中所观测到的分子空间构型的变化,并阐明了吸附体系中局域自旋的恢复和变化过程.     

4-硝基-4′-氨基偶氮苯的光学性质研究

采用紫外可见吸收和二次谐波产生技术研究了“推-拉”型偶氮苯分子Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)膜的光谱和二阶非线性光学特性.4-硝基-4′-氨基偶氮苯(NAA)分子能制成很好的LB多层膜,在稀溶液中以单体的反式异构体形式存在,在膜中主要以J-聚集体的形式存在,LB膜的紫外可见吸收谱的吸收峰较之溶液的发生了52 nm的红移.NAALB膜的二阶非线性极化率χ(2)为19.59×10－8 esu,一阶超极化率β值较大,约为1.974×10－29 esu.其光学二阶非线性起源于电偶极子机制.     

Vibration spectroscopic study of the interaction of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) with potassium

The interaction between Alq₃ and potassium was studied by using Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) spectra of Alq₃ films show significant changes after potassium deposition, such as the appearance of new bands and changes in relative intensity. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra obtained using the 413.1 nm line of a Kr⁺ laser reveal similar changes. Changes are even more obvious when the 530.9 nm line was used for excitation. Changes in the SERS for excitation with the 413.1 nm line are less obvious due to a strong photoluminescence. The vibrational pattern of potassium-doped Alq₃ cannot be explained by the formation of radical anion by simple charge transfer, indicating the excess electron is not delocalized over the molecule. The observed spectral change suggests that the potassium atom interacts with both nitrogen and oxygen atoms of Alq₃ molecule.     

3-甲基-1-乙酰基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑及其铕和铽配合物的合成与光谱学研究

以六水合硝酸铽和六水合硝酸铕,3-甲基-1-乙酰基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑(HL),1,10-邻菲罗啉和三苯基氧磷(TPPO)合成了TbL₃·2H₂O,TbL₂(phen)·H₂O,TbL₂(TPPO),EuL₃·2H₂O,EuL₂(phen)·2H₂O,EuL₂(TPPO)·2H2O 6个固体配合物。用元素分析,红外光谱,荧光光谱对配合物进行了组分确定和结构表征。IR表明,自由配体HL与稀土离子配位后,位于1644 cm-1处的ν_CC发生移动,相应的ν_CN振动吸收峰降到了1 600 cm-1,结合元素分析等其他表征说明HL和稀土离子发生配位。室温下测定了配合物的荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,激发光谱表明配合物EuL₂(Phen)·2H₂O和TbL₂(Phen)·H₂O的最佳激发波长分别为310和320 nm, 在此激发波长下扫描发射光谱,EuL₂(Phen)·2H₂O和TbL₂(Phen)·H₂O相对荧光强度最强,第二配体phen对Eu3+和Tb3+离子的荧光发射强度有明显的增强作用。     

4-乙烯基联吡啶金属配合物的光谱研究

采用水热合成法以4-乙烯基联吡啶（dpe）为有机配体与铜,锌和镉的硫酸盐合成了三种金属有机配合物,利用红外、拉曼、紫外-可见光谱对dpe及合成的配位化合物进行了对比研究,对主要红外和拉曼谱带进行了归属,讨论了配体dpe和配合物的特征谱带与其结构间的关系。红外吸收光谱上,dpe中C—C伸缩和C—N面内弯曲的复合振动,在Cu-dpe,Zn-dpe和Cd-dpe配合物中分别位移到较高的波数处。在拉曼光谱中,对于相应的C—N,CC, C—C和C—H键的振动频率也看到了相同的变化规律。在紫外-可见光谱中,Zn-dpe,Cd-dpe分别只有一个配体本身的跃迁吸收峰,而配合物Cu-dpe由于发生了d—d电子跃迁,产生两个吸收峰,分别归属为配体本身的跃迁吸收谱带和配位体场吸收谱带,可见同一种配体与不同的金属离子合成的配位化合物,由于金属离子核外电子分布的不同,其紫外-可见光谱有很大变化。     

取代基对双酞菁铥LB膜及光谱特性的影响

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱的方法研究了三种稀土夹心双酞菁铥化合物在溶液和LB膜中的聚集性和光谱特性。实验结果表明三种稀土双酞菁化合物在氯仿溶液中形成了H-聚集体,但当浓度比较低时,溶液中表现出单体的吸收。取代基OC₈H₁₇的加入使氯仿溶液中双酞菁铥化合物的聚集性减弱,而且使得吸收峰发生红移,对吸收峰的强度也有较大的影响,造成了Soret吸收带的分裂。另外,取代基OC₈H₁₇对LB膜中双酞菁分子的存在状态有较大的影响,在LB膜中,TmPc₂和TmPcPc*分子以H-聚集体的形式存在,而TmPc*₂分子以T-聚集体的形式存在。形成LB膜后,由于双酞菁分子之间排列紧密,相互作用加强,使得薄膜中分子聚集体的吸收峰相对于溶液中聚集体的吸收峰发生了一定的红移,薄膜中分子排列方向的不同对吸收光谱也有一定的影响。     

EPR spectra of gable-type copper(II) porphyrin dimers in fluid solution: extraction of exchange interaction in weakly coupled doublet pairs

A comparison between EPR spectra of rigidly linked dicopper porphyrin dimers and those of the corresponding monocopper dimers (copper porphyrin-free base porphyrin dimers) in fluid solution reveals a very weak exchange interaction between the two copper spins. In these dimers, two porphyrin moieties are linked via an aromatic spacer such as benzene, naphthalene or phenanthrene in a gable-type geometry, with a distance of 10–13 Å. Although essentially all the spectra from the monocopper dimers are the same, exhibiting hyperfine (hf) structure due to the copper and nitrogen nuclei, the EPR spectral patterns of the dicopper dimers depend on the spacer molecule. Differences in hf patterns among the dicopper porphyrin dimers are ascribed to isotropic spin—spin coupling, i.e., exchange coupling between the two copper spins. This is because the anisotropic dipole—dipole interaction is averaged out due to random tumbling of the solute molecules in fluid solution. From the line shape analysis, the absolute value of the exchange interaction (|J|) is found to be 4 × 10^?4 cm^?1 ≦|J| < 3 × 10^?3 cm^?1 for the benzene linked dicopper dimer (Cu—Bz—Cu) whereas |J| ～ 1 × 10^?4cm^?1 for the other two dimers (Cu—Np—Cu and Cu—Pn—Cu). These values are comparable with or much smaller than the dipole—dipole coupling, which is estimated as about 1–3 × 10^?3 cm^?1 from the centre-to-centre distance. Since Cu—Bz—Cu shows a significantly larger |J| than Cu—Pn—Cu, despite a slightly longer centre-to-centre distance, and since no correlation could be obtained between |J| and the separation of the two copper atoms, it is likely that the interaction via spacer molecules is dominant between the two halves.     

星状C60(CH3)x(PAN)x共聚物的光致发光研究

利用物理喷束淀积（ＰＪＤ）技术制备Ｃ６０（ＣＨ３）ｘ（ＰＡＮ）ｘ共聚物的薄膜。这种共聚物中,Ｃ６０分子位于星状结构的中心,聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）主链修饰在Ｃ６０分子的周围。吸收及荧光光谱表明：Ｃ６０分子与聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）有明显的相互作用,而且这种相互作用与ＰＡＮ的链长有关。Ｃ６０分子与ＰＡＮ间存在一定的激发传递过程,从而导致ＰＡＮ荧光的部分猝灭。     

TiO2分子在GaN(0001)表面吸附的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势法,计算了TiO₂分子在GaN(0001)表面的吸附成键过程、吸附能量和吸附位置. 计算结果表明不同初始位置的TiO₂分子吸附后,Ti在fcc或hcp位置,两个O原子分别与表面两个Ga原子成键,Ga-O化学键表现出共价键特征,化学结合能达到7.932-7.943eV,O-O连线与GaN[1120]方向平行,与实验观测(100)[001] TiO₂//(0001)[1120]GaN一致. 通过动力学过程计算分析,TiO₂分子吸附过程经历了物理吸附、化学吸附与稳定态形成的过程,稳定吸附结构和优化结果一致. 关键词： GaN(0001)表面 2分子')" href="#">TiO₂分子 密度泛函理论 吸附     

He(I) and He(II) photoelectron spectra of iron tetracarbonyl-olefin complexes

The He(I) and He(II) photoelectron spectra of a series of iron tetracarbonyl—olefin complexes (olefin = acrolein, crotonaldehyde, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, dimethyl maleate and some dihalogenated ethylenes) are reported. Assignments are proposed, based on differences in intensity between the He(I) and He(II) spectra, in comparison with related compounds and the results of extended CNDO calculations. The electronic structure of the coordinated olefins is discussed.     

Binding energies and K-edge spectra of NO chemisorbed on Ru(0001)

The electronic structures, adsorption energies and equilibrium geometries of chemisorbed NO on the Ru(0001) surface for several adsorption sites were determined using cluster models and employing the first principles, local density theory. Ground state one-electron eigenvalues and wave functions were obtained using the discrete variational method with numerical atomic bases. K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of both nitrogen and oxygen for each geometry were obtained using a scattered wave method. The effects of the surface on these spectra were studied by comparison with results from an isolated NO molecule and with the XPS and UPS experiments of Umbach et al. Both the NO and the NO-substrate vibration frequencies were calculated. Comparison between these theoretical results, recent electron energy loss spectra of Conrad et al. and early experiments of Thomas et al. suggests that NO is adsorbed only at threefold and top sites.     

非晶纳米发光材料(Y,Eu)2O3-SiO2发射光谱的分析研究

EXAFS测定表明sol-gel方法制备的纳米非晶(Y,Eu)₂O₃-SiO₂发光材料中,发光中心Eu³⁺的局域环境和晶态X₂型Y₂SiO₅Eu中Eu³⁺离子的局域环境相似。以此结构为依据,用M. F. Reid的方案计算了晶场迭加模型中的能级参数及光谱强度参数,并得到了与实验结果基本一致的理论光谱图.     

Vibrational predissociation of SF6 dimers and trimers

IR photo-dissociation spectra of SF₆ clusters have been studied. A He-seeded molecular beam has been attenuated by crossing it with a line tunable cw CO₂ laser of moderate power. — In the electron bombardment beam ionizer (E _el=100eV) small neutral clusters are found to fragment predominantly to the main monomer mass (SF ₅ ⁺ ). — Predissociation spectra have been calculated for clusters containing up to six SF₆-molecules invoking the dipole-dipole resonance force to lift the degeneracy of the molecule — excited molecule interaction. On the basis of these spectra, dimer and trimer concentrations have been determined quantitatively, for different molecular beam conditions.     

The Infrared and 1H-NMR Spectra of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Adducts of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Complexes of Dioxouranium(VI), Thorium(IV) and Scandium(III)

The ¹H-nmr and infrared spectra of the complexes [M(ox)_n(Hox)] where M = UO₂ (n = 2), Th (n = 4) or Sc (n = 3) and Hox = 8-hydroxyquinoline are discussed. The nmr spectra of the adducts are uninformative with respect to the bonding and structure of these molecules since they dissociate in solution. The solid state ir spectra show that the adducted molecule of 8-hydroxyquinoline is bound to the metal through the phenolic oxygen, the proton forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of the adducted molecule and the oxygen atom of a neighbouring chelate ring. The mid-and far-ir spectra are reported for the first time and assignments for the δN-H, νM-O and νM-N modes have been made.     

黄土区秸秆腐殖化溶解性有机质对土壤铅赋存形态的影响机制

重金属是土壤中最具代表性的污染物之一,重金属的赋存形态直接关系到其生理毒性和迁移行为,是重金属污染研究的重要方向。重金属形态与环境条件关系密切,鉴于土壤系统的高度复杂性,相近条件下的重金属形态转化行为也可能不尽相同。相关研究目前尚未有统一定论,成为有待验证的理论问题。在实验了解秸秆腐殖化DOM性质 (紫外光谱、三维荧光光谱和红外光谱) 的基础上,借助Tessier连续提取-AAS法分析DOM作用下铅的形态转化规律,据此建立溶解性有机碳 (DOC) 与有机结合态铅的线性关系,并辅以FTIR明确DOM官能团对铅形态转化的贡献。结果发现：DOM紫外吸收主峰位于229 nm处,荧光组分集中于λ_ex/em=250/350 nm,λ_ex/em=250/450 nm和λ_ex/em=330/450 nm区域,归属为紫外区类富里酸和可见光区类腐殖酸荧光峰。DOM的官能团组成比较复杂,—OH,CO,N—H等振动峰比较明显。DOM能够影响黄土铅的赋存形态,其存在有助于降低可交换态、铁锰氧化态和残渣态铅含量,但对碳酸盐结合态铅含量影响甚微。DOC含量与有机结合态铅含量正相关(r=0.691 8),表明DOM可以有效络合铅离子;DOM中的—OH,CO, —COOH等基团对铅离子的形态转化具有关键作用。     

Surface magnetism of Fe(110) from polarized electron scattering

Exchange- and spin—orbit-induced scattering asymmetry spectra of polarized slow electrons from the ferromagnetic Fe(110) surface have been calculated by dynamical theory and found to agree with recent experimental data taken at room temperature. Comparison of exchange asymmetry spectra, obtained for various interaction and layer-dependent magnetization models, with the data implies firstly an enhancement of the surface magnetization by about 30% with respect to the bulk, and secondly the importance of spin-dependent localized inelastic electron—electron scattering processes.     

Angle-resolved photoemission from CO chemisorbed on Rh(110)

He(II)-excited UPS spectra of CO chemisorbed on Rh(110) have been acquired in symmetry-equivalent directions relative to the substrate. In these spectra a marked anisotropy was noted in the emission from the 4σ level. Comparison of the experimental spectra with calculations of the differential photoionization cross-sections suggests that the CO molecule is chemisorbed in an end-on configuration with the carbon end nearer to the surface.