表面裂纹平板应力强度因子的杂交应力元-线弹簧模型方法

本文采用基于杂交应力元和线弹簧模型相结合的方法,计算表面裂纹平板的应力强度因子。结果表明,本文解和三维有限元解吻合很好,与基于位移元和线弹簧模型相结合的解相比,具有更高的精度和较宽的适用范围。     

应力梯度不均匀时平板表面裂纹的应力强度因子

本文采用考虑裂纹面上具有任意分布载荷的线弹簧模型,在Kirchhoff板弯曲理论的假设下,将含半椭圆型表面裂纹的平板问题化为一组耦合的积分方程组进行求解,对均匀拉伸和纯弯曲两种载荷作用下的应力强度因子数值解,同经典线弹簧模型和有限元解进行了比较,并给出了经典线弹簧模型不能得到的、裂纹面上承受幂次不均匀应力分布时应力强度因子的数值解.     

爆炸载荷下裂纹扩展的动态复合型应力强度因子的研究

用多火花像机记录了爆炸驱动的尖劈作用下由平板自由边界启动的裂纹扩展及伴随裂纹扩展的等差条纹环的动态分布。根据动态等差条纹环的分布用动态光弹性和断裂力学理论分析了裂纹扩展的特征,计算了复合型裂纹的动态应力强度因子,改进了传统的数据处理方法,编制了计算动态应力强度因子的计算机程序。     

高应变率下断裂韧性实验的数值模拟

采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序对静态和冲击荷载作用下的含裂纹半圆弯曲(SCB)实验进行了数值模拟。根据静态实验的模拟结果,提出了适合复合型加载的Ⅰ型应力强度因子拟合公式,采用该公式计算应力强度因子的最大误差不超过10%。动态实验的模拟结果表明:对于纯Ⅰ型加载的SCB实验,动态应力强度因子随着试样半径、支座间距以及相对裂纹长度的变化呈现规律性变化;当试样半径小于60mm、相对支座间距为1.2、相对裂纹长度在0.1~0.4范围内时,惯性效应的影响较小,采用静态拟合公式计算裂尖的动态应力强度因子的误差约10%;对于复合型加载的SCB实验,当相对裂纹长度为0.2~0.4、裂纹倾角在10°~40°范围内时,采用静态拟合公式计算裂尖的动态应力强度因子的误差小于10%。     

焊接残余应力平板多个共面表面裂纹的应力强度因子

采用线弹簧模型求解含焊接残余应力平板多个共面任意分布表面裂纹的应力强度因子.利用边裂纹权函数给出了裂纹表面上沿厚度非线性分布的残余应力向线性分布的转化公式.基于Reissner板理论和连续分布位错思想,将含多个共面任意分布表面裂纹的无限平板问题归结为一组Cauchy型奇异积分方程,并采用Gauss-Chebyshev方法获得了奇异积分方程的数值解.以三共面表面裂纹为例,计算了表面裂纹的应力强度因子,并讨论了裂纹间距、裂纹几何形状等因素对应力强度因子的影响.     

中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘复合型动态断裂实验研究

制作了中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘（cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc-CSTFBD）试样,利用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar-SHPB）加载,进行了岩石纯Ⅰ型和复合型（Ⅰ＋Ⅱ型）动态断裂实验。由于加载角（载荷方向与裂纹线的夹角）在制作试样时已经通过裂纹线与试样平台的位置关系确定,因此在实验中可以方便而准确地实施加栽。比较了纯Ⅰ型加载和复合型加载下压杆上记录的入射波、反射波和透射波的波形。采用实验与数值相结合的方法,将实验得到的动态载荷输入有限元程序,得到了纯Ⅰ型试样的动态断裂韧度和复合型试样的两种动态应力强度因子的时间历程。计算了加载角为15°的试样应力强度因子的复合比（KI（t）／KⅡ（t））,此计算值与文献结果吻合较好,验证了实验方法的有效性。     

V形切口问题应力强度因子的计算

本文讨论了V形切口问题的特征方程实根数与切口角度的关系;用边界配置法求得了四点剪切V形切口梁复合型应力强度因子的系列结果,并得到了计算K_Ⅰ,K_Ⅱ的经验公式;提出了用边界元法结合边界配置法以及用Muskhelishvili复应力函数法计算V形切口问题应力强度因子的方法,成功地计算了无限域中方孔凹角处的应力强度因子。     

基于p型有限元法和围线积分法计算复合型应力强度因子

传统有限元法由于采用低阶插值计算应力强度因子时,需要划分的网格数较多,收敛速度较慢,得到的应力强度因子精度不足。p型有限元法在网格确定时通过增加插值多项式的阶数来提高计算精度,具有网格划分少、收敛速度快、精度高、自适应能力强等特点。本文采用基于p型有限元法的有限元计算软件StressCheck计算得到应力场和位移场,并由围线积分法导出混合型应力强度因子(SIFs)。通过几个经典算例,分析了围线的选择对计算精度的影响,计算了不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹角度和裂纹在应力集中区域不同位置时的应力强度因子。并将数值结果、理论解与文献中其他数值计算方法所得的部分结果进行了对比分析,结果表明自由度数不大于7000时,导出的应力强度因子相对误差最大不超过1.2%,数值解表现出较高的精度及数值稳定性。     

计算平面问题应力强度因子的任意高阶奇应变有限单元

W.K.Wilson提出的高阶奇应变圆单元(SSC)把有限单元法和裂纹尖端附近的线弹性解析解结合起来,能有效地计算应力强度因子K_Ⅰ或K_Ⅱ。A.Holston Jr.进一步把对称和反对称位移叠加起来,用以计算复合型应力强度因子K_Ⅰ和K_Ⅱ。但他们在对称和反对称的位移函数中最多只取到4项。胡海昌建议取更多的项,以便把圆单元的半径     

断裂力学在圆柱螺旋弹簧设计计算中的应用

圆柱螺旋弹簧(特别是热卷大弹簧)由于各种原因,不可避免会产生一些表面裂纹等缺陷,将断裂力学应用于弹簧的设计计算中是一个值得重视的研究方向[1] 弹簧钢是较好的弹性材料,可运用应力强度因子判据(即K判据),当裂纹顶端应力强度因子K_I≥K_(IC)(断裂韧度)时,裂纹便失稳扩展.     

Finite element formulation for active functionally graded thin-walled structures

For the analysis and design process of smart structures with integrated piezoelectric patches, the finite element method provides an effective simulation approach. In this paper, an attempt on modeling and simulation of the behavior of hybrid active structures is carried out using developed Kirchhoff-type-four-node shell element.The finite element results are compared with reference solutions taking into account the electromechanical responses of smart structures with various geometries, and the results show very high agreement. The main aspect of the application of the proposed element is to predict the behavior of FGM shells containing piezoelectric layers. A set of numerical analyses is performed in order to highlight the applicability and effectiveness of the present finite element model, notably for smart FGM structures. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to show the influence of material composition, the placement and the thickness of the piezoelectric layers on the deformation of the laminated structure.     

空间薄壁管结构瞬态温度场、热变形有限元分析

对于辐射换热的薄壁杆件航天结构，为分析其在太空中不同时刻的姿态下的温度场和热变形，构造了一种相对自由度矩形管单元。其基本思想是从2维非线性瞬态热传导方程出发，假设沿矩形管横截面上每边的温度为线性分布，用4个角点的平均温度和温差来表示矩形管横截面上的温度分布，构造了一种1维2结点温度杆单元，该单元每个结点包含平均温度，上下面温差，左右面温差3个自由度；在计算热变形时，此三个广义温度参数分别对应热轴力和2个热弯矩载荷。经与三维有限元计算结果的比较，证明用该单元计算的矩形管温度场和位移场是可靠的。利用这种新型的薄壁矩形管单元和本文作者在其他文章中提出的薄壁圆管单元，可以对非线性换热条件下的复杂空间结构进行比较准确的温度场和热变形有限元分析，最后本文计算了考虑遮挡的太阳能帆板的瞬态温度场和热变形以说明其应用价值。     

Nonlinear shell-type to beam-type fea simplifications for composite frp poles

This paper presents a semi-analytical finite element analysis of pole-type structures with circular hollow cross-section. Based on the principle of stationary potential energy and Novozhilov’s derivation of nonlinear strains, the formulations for the geometric nonlinear analysis of general shells are derived. The nonlinear shell-type analysis is then manipulated and simplified gradually into a beam-type analysis with special emphasis given on the relationships of shell-type to beam-type and nonlinear to linear analyses. Based on the theory of general shells and the finite element method, the approach presented herein is employed to analyze the ovalization of the cross-section, large displacements, the P-Δ effect as well as the overall buckling of pole-type structures. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the present technique to the large deformation of fiber-reinforced polymer composite poles accompanied with comparisons employing commercial finite element codes.     

New accurate efficient modeling techniques for the vibration analysis of T-joint thin-walled box structures

We propose new accurate efficient modeling techniques for the vibration analysis of T-joint thin-walled box structures. The essence of the present techniques is to use beam elements to model thin-walled members of the joint, but the elements are based on an eight-degree-of-freedom (8-DOF) beam theory capable of handling warping and distortion. Two approaches are considered to model the interfacing joint region connected to three adjacent thin-walled box structures: the first one is to model the joint region with plate elements and the second one is to use a joint element derived to be consistent with nearby 8-DOF beam elements. The efficiency of the present techniques comes from the use of beam elements to model the box structures while the accuracy comes from the use of the higher-order beam theory accounting for warping and distortion. The procedures to match the dissimilar elements and to develop the joint element are also presented in this work. The effectiveness of the present approaches is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

薄体位势问题边界元法中的解析积分算法

薄体结构的数值分析是边界元法的难点问题之一。该文导出了一种完全解析积分算法，用这种算法计算了薄体平面位势问题边界元法中出现的几乎弱奇异、强奇异和超奇异积分。当边界离散为一系列线性单元，边界积分方程离散计算的积分可归纳为三种形式。对薄体问题，源点与积分单元距离通常相距很近，这些积分产生显著几乎奇异性，直接采用常规高斯积分不能有效计算。为此该文导出了这些几乎奇异积分的全解析计算公式。按源点与单元的距离是否为零，公式分两种情况。新算法采用全解析积分公式处理几乎奇异积分，首先精确计算出薄体问题边界未知位势和法向位势梯度，然后再进一步计算了域内点的物理参量。算例表明该文算法可处理狭长比为1．E-08的薄体问题，显示了边界元法分析薄体问题具有独特的优势。     

An asymptotically correct classical model for smart beams

An asymptotically correct classical beam model has been developed for smart slender structures using the variational asymptotic method. Taking advantage of the slenderness of the structure, we asymptotically split the original three-dimensional electromechanical problem into a two-dimensional electromechanical cross-sectional analysis and a one-dimensional beam analysis. The one-dimensional beam analysis could be geometrically nonlinear or linear depending whether the original three-dimensional analysis is geometrically nonlinear or linear. The cross-sectional analysis, implemented using the finite element method, provides an asymptotically correct, one-dimensional constitutive model for smart slender structures without a priori assumptions regarding the geometry of the cross section, the distribution of the electric field, and the location of smart materials, such as embedded or surface mounted. Several examples are used to validate the accuracy of the present theory with available results in the literature and three-dimensional commercial finite element packages.     

Method of reverberation ray matrix for static analysis of planar framed structures composed of anisotropic Timoshenko beam members

Based on the method of reverberation ray matrix(MRRM), a reverberation matrix for planar framed structures composed of anisotropic Timoshenko(T) beam members containing completely hinged joints is developed for static analysis of such structures.In the MRRM for dynamic analysis, amplitudes of arriving and departing waves for joints are chosen as unknown quantities. However, for the present case of static analysis, displacements and rotational angles at the ends of each beam member are directly considered as unknown quantities. The expressions for stiffness matrices for anisotropic beam members are developed. A corresponding reverberation matrix is derived analytically for exact and unified determination on the displacements and internal forces at both ends of each member and arbitrary cross sectional locations in the structure. Numerical examples are given and compared with the finite element method(FEM) results to validate the present model. The characteristic parameter analysis is performed to demonstrate accuracy of the present model with the T beam theory in contrast with errors in the usual model based on the Euler-Bernoulli(EB) beam theory. The resulting reverberation matrix can be used for exact calculation of anisotropic framed structures as well as for parameter analysis of geometrical and material properties of the framed structures.     

基于遗传算法和参数化建模的非线性结构优化

提出了一种对存在接触关系的非线性结构(装配体)进行优化设计的新方法。该方法将遗传算法与结构几何及有限元参数化建模方法相结合，在通用CAE软件的二次开发编程环境中实现对带接触的结构装配体进行结构尺寸和形状优化设计。文中利用该方法对某浮动式闭气结构的重要结构参数和关键构件形状实施了优化设计，使其闭气性能得到大幅度提高，体现了本文方法在解决这类优化问题中的优势。本文的方法有利于拓宽结构优化技术在机械设计领域的应用范围。     

基于NURBS插值的三维渐进结构优化方法

提出一种基于等几何控制点密度变量的三维双向渐进结构拓扑优化方法。在当前列式下,高阶NURBS基函数被同时用于CAD模型中NURBS实体片的几何场、位移场和温度场以及密度场插值,实现了几何模型、分析模型和优化模型的有效统一,确保了位移场、温度场及密度场的高阶连续性;详细推导了基于等几何控制点密度变量的三维渐进结构法模型及其灵敏度分析列式;最后几个典型的数值算例,包括最小柔顺性、热传导优化问题及三维结构自由振动的基频最大化问题,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

随机有限元方法与结构可靠性

简要介绍和综合论述了随机结构的有限元分析及可靠性分析方法的研究及发展情况．包括随机结构的离散化、随机有限元控制方程的求解、随机有限元可靠性方法及随机结构的可靠性分析等．讨论了随机结构分析中存在的一些问题．概要论述了可能的发展方向．