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定期补货库存模型在实践中被广泛使用,尤其是在单一供应商中购买多种不同产品的库存系统中更为常见.然而,大多数定期补货库存模型都假设补货的时间间隔是恒定不变的.但在实践中,补货的时间间隔也可能是一个随机的时间长度.提出了一个随机补货时间间隔和需求依赖于当前展示库存水平的库存控制模型,且补货间隔服从指数分布和均匀分布,同时允许短缺发生并且短缺量部分延期供给,并研究了模型最优解的存在性与唯一性.最后,给出了数值算例来说明模型在实际中的应用. 相似文献
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该文分析了折扣准则下基于多数量需求拍卖机制的多阶段存贮问题,运用动态规划方法,在有限阶段对该问题研究了每个时期应该出售的最优产品数量、最优分配方案和最优订购策略,提出了运用修正的多需求二级价格拍卖模型来实现最优分配,并对无限阶段下的动态存贮/分配问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Aaron K. Tsado 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1985,36(11):1059-1068
Research indicates that the economic order quantity is preferred to alternative techniques because it is less nervous to forecast errors. This paper attempts to establish that no statistical relationship exists between the size of forecast error and the performance of some lot-size techniques. A heuristic rule is also presented for deterministic demand. The rule does well on the examples considered and is shown to be more stable than E.O.Q. 相似文献
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Karabi Paul T. K. Datta K. S. Chaudhuri A. K. Pal 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1996,47(8):1029-1036
The article investigates a deterministic inventory system with two-component demand rate. The demand rate is stock-dependent down to a certain level and then constant. Shortages are allowed and are fully backlogged. The storage space is assumed to be limited. A flowchart is provided to solve a general system. To study the effects of changes in the system parameters on the average net profit a sensitivity analysis has been performed. 相似文献
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Alan Stulman 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1989,40(11):1041-1047
In this paper we consider the problem of finding the greatest level of excess inventory to be allowed and not scrapped. If excess items are not scrapped, then they are eliminated by natural attrition. The procedure used in finding the maximum excess inventory to be allowed is to maximize the function: net benefits = immediate scrap revenues - present value of attrition-period holding costs - present value of all other future costs. This procedure is only approximate. However, it will provide significant improvement on the previous treatment of this problem in that it will allow for backordering costs and for stochastic demand. In particular, deterministic demand and Poisson demand are examined. 相似文献
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T. A. Burgin 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1972,23(1):73-80
An exact expression for protection and potential lost sales is obtained for a reorder level system of inventory control in which the demand is normally distributed and the lead time gamma distributed. The accuracy of an approximate method is explored. 相似文献
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This paper studies a two-echelon dynamic lot-sizing model with demand time windows and early and late delivery penalties. The problem is motivated by third-party logistics and vendor managed inventory applications in the computer industry where delivery time windows are typically specified under a time definite delivery contract. Studying the optimality properties of the problem, the paper provides polynomial time algorithms that require O(T
3) computational complexity if backlogging is not allowed and O(T
5) computational complexity if backlogging is allowed. 相似文献
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This model discusses an infinite time-horizon deterministic inventory model without shortages, where the demand rate at any instant depends on the on-hand inventory (stock level) at that instant down to a certain stock level and then it becomes constant for the remaining period of the cycle. The decision rule for finding the optimal order quantity is also given, and three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the model developed. 相似文献
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针对蔬菜、水果等这类在存储的过程中随时间的推移会发生大量损耗的易腐品,在激烈的市场竞争中,产品的需求不仅与本身的价格有关,而且与竞争对手产品的价格有关,零售商根据市场需求确定最优定价和订货策略以最大化自身利益,建立库存模型,证明了模型存在唯一最优策略.通过数值实验,分析得到替代程度发生变化对最优策略的影响. 相似文献
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Martin J. Beckmann 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1964,15(4):389-400
An expository account is given of the Dynamic Programming approach to inventory analysis in terms of the problem of the optimal storage policy for repair parts. The demand distribution is assumed to be Poisson or some modification thereof; the delivery time is assumed to be fixed or Gamma distributed while preserving the sequence of the orders. No demand is lost. It is shown that the demand distribution for the delivery period is negative binomial. Formulae are derived for the re-ordering point and the order quantity and these are solved for the geometric demand distribution. An example is calculated which is based on the stocking of repair parts by a can manufacturer in Chicago. 相似文献
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在一个由原始设备制造商、合同制造商和原材料供应商组成的三级链中,简述了在市场需求不确定情况下存在成本信息不对称的整合外包模型,并对这个模型进行了分析.最后,运用MATLAB进行了实例分析,说明了市场需求不确定对模型的影响. 相似文献
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随机需求下供应商管理库存的供应链模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以一个供应商和一个零售商的两阶段供应链为背景,利用报童模型给出了供应商管理库存(VMI)的供应链模型,在需求服从均匀分布的条件下得出解析解,并与传统的零售商管理库存(RMI)系统作了比较,分析了这两种情况下批发价和订货量的变化.数值结果表明VMI导致了批发价的缩减,但提高了订货量,VMI减轻了双重边际效应,系统利润多于传统的RMI系统. 相似文献
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考虑了替代产品的动态库存决策与控制问题,建立了替代产品的多周期动态库存决策与控制模型.得到了目标函数的一些重要性质,给出了系统最优参数的求解算法,利用动态规划方法对系统的库存参数进行了优化求解. 相似文献
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由于选址决策的长期性,参数面临随机波动,在选址问题中考虑不确定因素至关重要。在选址模型中提出一种新的鲁棒方法,采用有界对称的“盒子”作为不确定需求的集合,通过调节不确定预算,来权衡解的鲁棒性与系统成本之间的关系。利用该方法得到的鲁棒模型不仅能够转化成线性规划,并且可以计算出设施的最低服务水平。然后,设计禁忌搜索算法来求解该问题,数值算例的结果表明了算法的有效性。最后,分析了不同鲁棒水平下,服务设施网络不同的拓扑结构,并得到服务水平与成本之间的权衡关系。同时对需求扰动作了敏感性分析,结果表明随着服务水平的提高,成本对需求扰动越来越敏感。 相似文献
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考虑到需求的模糊随机性,建立模糊随机需求情况下连续盘点存储策略的模糊随机成本模型。利用模糊随机变量的期望值理论,推导出了其成本期望值模型的解析表达式,进而给出了最优再订货点所属区间的判别条件以及最优再订货点和经济订货量的计算式;基于此,设计了一模糊随机需求的连续盘点最优存储策略算法。最后结合数值算例,分析了模糊随机需求概率分布及缺货成本对最优存储策略的影响。 相似文献