Are there waves in elastic wave turbulence?

An thin elastic steel plate is excited with a vibrator and its local velocity displays a turbulentlike Fourier spectrum. This system is believed to develop elastic wave turbulence. We analyze here the motion of the plate with a two-point measurement in order to check, in our real system, a few hypotheses required for the Zakharov theory of weak turbulence to apply. We show that the motion of the plate is indeed a superposition of bending waves following the theoretical dispersion relation of the linear wave equation. The nonlinearities seem to efficiently break the coherence of the waves so that no modal structure is observed. Several hypotheses of the weak turbulence theory seem to be verified, but nevertheless the theoretical predictions for the wave spectrum are not verified experimentally.     

Measurement of the dispersion relation of guided non-axisymmetric waves in filament-wound cylindrical structures

To determine the dispersion relation, guided waves are excited in specimens over a broad frequency range. The surface displacements are measured over time and space. The recorded data are analysed using a quasi-three-dimensional spectrum estimation algorithm. In the time domain a fast Fourier transform is used to extract the frequencies. To obtain the wave numbers, in space a two-dimensional matrix-pencil approach is applied to the data set. Using a suitable constitutive model (transversely isotropic or orthotropic) dispersion curves are calculated. Good agreement was found between the experimental and the numerically calculated dispersion relations after adjusting the material parameters. Since the dispersion relation of a structure depends on the mechanical material properties frequency-dependent material parameters can be extracted from the above-mentioned relation between frequency and wave number.     

A Comparative Study of Dispersion Characteristics Determination of a Trapezoidally Corrugated Slow Wave Structure Using Different Techniques

The linear dispersion relation of a trapezoidally corrugated slow wave structure(TCSWS) is analyzed and presented.The size parameters of the TCSWS are chosen in such a way that they operate in the x-band frequency range.The dispersion relation is solved by utilizing the Rayleigh-Fourier method by expressing the radial function in terms of the Fourier series.A highly accurate synthetic technique is also applied to determine the complete dispersion characteristics from experimentally measured resonances(cold test).Periodic structures resonate at specific frequencies when the terminals are shorted appropriately.The dispersion characteristics obtained from numerical calculation,synthetic technique and cold test are compared,and an excellent agreement is achieved.     

基于Kramers-Kronig关系建立金属太赫兹色散模型

提出了一种基于测量反射率谱、使用Kramers-Kronig(KK)关系建立金属太赫兹色散模型的方法.结合合金铝和合金铜4—40 THz的测量反射率谱,通过反射系数振幅和相位的KK关系,采用高频端指数外推,低频端常数外推的方法,反演金属复折射率.以KK反演的复折射率作为实验值,以拟合复折射率和实验值误差最小为准则,使用遗传优化算法,拟合了合金铝和合金铜的Drude色散参数(等离子频率和碰撞频率).基于优化的Drude模型计算了0.1—40 THz材料的复折射率,与椭偏仪的实测结果符合,验证了模型的准确性.该方法理论与实验相互验证,以测量的复折射率作为实验定标,将远红外频段的色散信息拓展到太赫兹频域,确定了太赫兹频段金属的微观物理参数,提供了太赫兹频段色散和散射机理的研究依据.     

Sea Clutter Suppression and Target Detection Algorithm of Marine Radar Image Sequence Based on Spatio-Temporal Domain Joint Filtering

In marine radar target detection, sea clutter will cause a large number of missed alarms and false alarms, which will affect the accuracy of target detection. In order to suppress sea clutter effectively, a sea clutter suppression and target detection algorithm of marine radar image sequence based on spatio-temporal domain joint filtering is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is to add a sea clutter suppression link before detecting the target. Firstly, the marine radar image sequence is transformed into three-dimensional frequency wavenumber domain by three-dimensional fast Fourier transform (3D-FFT), and then the three-dimensional image spectrum is obtained. According to the fact that the sea clutter spectrum obtained from the image spectrum satisfies the dispersion relation of linear wave theory in the three-dimensional frequency wavenumber domain, a sea clutter model is established. Then, through the established sea clutter model, a spatio-temporal domain joint sea clutter suppressor is designed to filter the image spectrum. After that, the filtered image spectrum is transformed by three-dimensional inverse fast Fourier transform (3D-IFFT) to obtain the image sequence in which sea clutter is suppressed. Finally, target detection is carried out for sea clutter suppressed image sequence. The method is validated by using the real data of X-band marine radar. Compared with the classical Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is more obvious, and SNR can be increased by 15.3 db at most. In addition, compared with target detection on original images directly, the proposed method has excellent detection rate and can increase detection rates by at least 8%.     

Spectrum reconstruction based on the constrained optimal linear inverse methods

The dispersion effect of birefringent material results in spectrally varying Nyquist frequency for the Fourier transform spectrometer based on birefringent prism. Correct spectral information cannot be retrieved from the observed interferogram if the dispersion effect is not appropriately compensated. Some methods, such as nonuniform fast Fourier transforms and compensation method, were proposed to reconstruct the spectrum. In this Letter, an alternative constrained spectrum reconstruction method is suggested for the stationary polarization interference imaging spectrometer (SPIIS) based on the Savart polariscope. In the theoretical model of the interferogram, the noise and the total measurement error are included, and the spectrum reconstruction is performed by using the constrained optimal linear inverse methods. From numerical simulation, it is found that the proposed method is much more effective and robust than the nonconstrained spectrum reconstruction method proposed by Jian, and provides a useful spectrum reconstruction approach for the SPIIS.     

超高温FTIR光谱发射率测量系统的线性度分析

为研究航天领域特种材料高温区域的光谱辐射特性,建立了基于傅里叶光谱仪的超高温光谱发射率测量系统。系统线性度是发射率测量精度的保证,通过测量多温度点黑体辐射的光谱信号,采用多温度点线性拟合方法求得每个光谱点的光谱信号值与黑体光谱辐射亮度的函数关系式,并结合仪器线性度测量理论,建立了光谱发射率测量系统的线性度测量方法。实验测量了黑体温度范围1 000～2 000℃和光谱范围3～20μm的光谱辐射信号,求得波长λ=4μm的理论直线与测量光谱值的线性关系。实验表明,仪器在4～18μm光谱范围响应较好,除CO2强吸收光谱区域,仪器的光谱线性度均优于1%。当测量系统线性度一定时,温度越高,光谱误差对发射率的影响越小。评定光谱发射率测量系统的线性度有利于剔除个别温度点光谱扰动带来的误差。     

Linear Analysis of Obliquely Propagating Longitudinal Waves in Partially Spin Polarized Degenerate Magnetized Plasma

Linear analysis of low frequency obliquely propagating electrostatic waves in a partially spin polarized degenerate magnetized plasma is presented. Using Fourier analysis, a general linear dispersion relation is derived for low frequency electrostatic lower hybrid(LH) wave, ion acoustic(IA) wave and ion cyclotron(IC) wave in the presence of electron spin polarization. It is found that the electron spin polarization gives birth to a new spin-dependent wave(spin electron acoustic wave) in the spectrum of these waves. Further, the electron spin polarization also causes drastic shifts in the frequency spectrum of these waves. These effects would have a strong bearing on wave phenomena in degenerate astrophysical plasmas.     

利用光纤激光器光谱边带效应测量光纤色散

基于被动锁模光纤激光器中色散波与孤子波的相瓦干涉产生的光谱边带效应,提出了一种测量单模光纤色散系数的方法.测量了各级边带中心波长的偏移量,利用边带偏移量与腔内总色散之间的关系,得到腔内总色散值.不同长度的同种光纤构成的环形腔,其总色散值不同,它与光纤长度的变化斜率即是待测光纤的色散系数.搭建了被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器平台,在1560 mm波段测量了G.652常规单模光纤的色散系数,实验值为16 ps/(mm·km),与典型值17 ps/(nm·km)符合得很好.     

Direct numerical experiment on the measurement of the dispersion relation for gravity waves in the presence of the condensate

During previous numerical experiments on isotropic turbulence of surface gravity waves we observed formation of the long wave background (condensate). It was shown (Korotkevich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 074504 (2008)) that the presence of the condensate changes a spectrum of direct cascade, corresponding to the flux of energy to the small scales from pumping region (large scales). Recent experiments show that the inverse cascade spectrum is also affected by the condensate. In this case mechanism proposed as a cause for the change of direct cascade spectrum cannot work. But inverse cascade is directly influenced by the linear dispersion relation for waves, as a result direct measurement of the dispersion relation in the presence of condensate is necessary. We performed the measurement of this dispersion relation from the direct numerical experiment. The results demonstrate that in the region of inverse cascade influence of the condensate cannot be neglected.     

Lattice dynamics,ferroelectricity and raman spectrum of BaTiQ3 in cubic phase

A dynamical model involving non linear anisotropic polarisability of oxygen is used to calculate the phonon dispersion curves and the Raman spectrum of barium titanate at 421 K near the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. The temperature phase dependence of the dispersion curves is studied and the ferroelectric soft mode is described.     

DISPERSION RELATION OF A MAGNETIZED PLASMA-FILLED BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATOR

A linear theory and a more general dispersion relation of electromagnetic radiation from a magnetized plasma-filled backward wave oscillator with sinusoidally corrugated slow-wave structure driven by a solid intense relativistic electron beam have been given. The comparisons show good agreement with the previous works when B₀→∞ and ω_b=0 from this dispersion relation.     

Talbot像对谱面的对称性分析及焦距测量

分析了光栅的泰伯（Ｔａｌｂｏｔ）像和透镜焦面的关系，提出了Ｔａｌｂｏｔ像对谱面的对称性原理。并将其用于透镜焦距的测量，方法简单，精度高。     

The Excitation Spectrum for Weakly Interacting Bosons

We investigate the low energy excitation spectrum of a Bose gas with weak, long range repulsive interactions. In particular, we prove that the Bogoliubov spectrum of elementary excitations with linear dispersion relation for small momentum becomes exact in the mean-field limit.     

Theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in a plasma-filled corrugate waveguide immersed in a finite magnetized field

The linear theory of electromagnetic radiation from a high-power backward-wave-oscillator (BWO), travelling-wave-tube (TWT) with plasma-filled, sinusoidally corrugate waveguide driven by an intense relativistic electron beam (IREB) has been derived and analysed numerically. A general dispersion relation is presented for analysing a plasmafilled corrugate waveguide immersed in magnetized plasma in this paper. It is shown that the linear theory developed here is in good agreement with the previous work.     

光强检测型光纤光栅温变不敏感动态压力传感研究

报道了基于光纤光栅反射谱带宽调制和光强差分检测技术实现单一光纤光栅温变不敏感动态压力传感的新方法。设计了一种结构新颖的双孔梁压力传感装置,依据双孔梁有限元受力分析将光纤光栅准确定位于线性梯度应变区,压力作用下光纤光栅反射谱对称展宽,反射光强线性正比于压力变化。基于光波导理论和材料力学原理推导了线性梯度应变场作用下光栅反射谱带宽、反射光强与压力之间的响应关系。利用光强差分检测技术取代传统波长解调方法,简化解调过程的同时传感系统免受温变影响。实验表明,在-10~80℃的温度变化范围内,系统测量误差小于总量程(120kPa)的1.8%,动态响应速度约80Hz,重复测量系统输出稳定,具有较好的应用价值。     

A hierarchy of rational Timoshenko dispersion relations

This paper shows that the conventional Timoshenko dispersion relation for bending waves is the (0,1) member of a two-parameter family (m,n) of approximations to the exact dispersion relation obtained from linear elasticity. Higher members of the family are shown to converge rapidly to the exact dispersion relation; in particular, any number of branches can be captured accurately over their entire length, i.e. up to arbitrarily high frequencies and wavenumbers. The theory admits a rigorous accuracy analysis, and demonstrates that the conventional Timoshenko dispersion relation is a completely rational approximation, thus answering some previous doubts about this matter. Lower members of the two-parameter family include the Euler-Bernoulli dispersion relation and a Rayleigh-type inertia correction. Especially useful is the Timoshenko (1,2) dispersion relation, which extends the conventional Timoshenko (0,1) dispersion relation by capturing the first four branches of the exact dispersion relation rather than merely the first two, and is accurate over a wide range. An inertia-corrected Timoshenko dispersion relation is also derived, and is shown to include many previous approximations as special cases.     

Birefringence dispersion in a quartz crystal retrieved from a channeled spectrum resolved by a fiber-optic spectrometer

We present a simple method for measuring the wavelength dependence of both the phase and group birefringences in a quartz crystal of known thickness. The method utilizes interference of polarized waves resolved by a fiber-optic spectrometer as a channeled spectrum (spectral fringes). The fringe order versus the precise position of the interference maximum in the spectrum is fitted to the approximate function, from which the phase birefringence as a function of wavelength is retrieved. We also determine the group birefringence dispersion. The functions measured in a range from 500 to 900 nm are compared with those resulting from the available dispersion relation, and very good agreement is confirmed.     

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF CLASSICAL SCALAR FIELD EQUATIONS

We give a class of exact solutions of quartic scalar field theories. These solutions prove to be interesting as are characterized by the production of mass contributions arising from the nonlinear terms while maintaining a wave-like behavior. So, a quartic massless equation has a nonlinear wave solution with a dispersion relation of a massive wave and a quartic scalar theory gets its mass term renormalized in the dispersion relation through a term depending on the coupling and an integration constant. When spontaneous breaking of symmetry is considered, such wave-like solutions show how a mass term with the wrong sign and the nonlinearity give rise to a proper dispersion relation. These latter solutions do not change the sign maintaining the property of the selected value of the equilibrium state. Then, we use these solutions to obtain a quantum field theory for the case of a quartic massless field. We get the propagator from a first-order correction showing that is consistent in the limit of a very large coupling. The spectrum of a massless quartic scalar field theory is then provided. From this we can conclude that, for an infinite countable number of exact classical solutions, there exist an infinite number of equivalent quantum field theories that are trivial in the limit of the coupling going to infinity.     

High-energy limit of massless Dirac fermions in multilayer graphene using magneto-optical transmission spectroscopy

We have investigated the absorption spectrum of multilayer graphene in high magnetic fields. The low-energy part of the spectrum of electrons in graphene is well described by the relativistic Dirac equation with a linear dispersion relation. However, at higher energies (>500 meV) a deviation from the ideal behavior of Dirac particles is observed. At an energy of 1.25 eV, the deviation from linearity is approximately 40 meV. This result is in good agreement with the theoretical model, which includes trigonal warping of the Fermi surface and higher-order band corrections. Polarization-resolved measurements show no observable electron-hole asymmetry.