类氖锗的X射线激光增益及其传输特性研究

在神光(10¹²W)装置上,用1.06μm激光加热片状锗靶,用袖珍式掠入射光栅谱仪测量了类氖锗离子的3S—3P激光跃迁线的增益系数和X射线激光的传输特性,得到的结果为:波长为19.638,23.224,23.627,24.743和28.643nm的5条激光跃迁线的增益系数分别为3.06,3.99,3.72,2.36和4.59cm^-1;当等离子体长度为18mm时,相应的X射线激光的发散角约为12mrad,发射X射线激光的等离子体厚度约为200μm,X射线激光峰值强 关键词：     

倍频纳秒激光驱动类氖锗X射线激光的研究

利用JB19等程序分别对基频和倍频激光驱动条件下类氖锗X射线激光进行了模拟计算,结果表明利用倍频激光驱动同样也能够获得高强度的类氖锗X射线激光输出,只是对驱动激光的输出要求要高3.3倍.尽管如此,这也为将来在大型激光装置上开展类氖系列X射线激光研究指明了方向.初步的实验研究也证实了利用倍频纳秒激光驱动能够获得类氖锗X射线激光输出的结果. 关键词： X射线激光 类氖锗 数值模拟     

19.6nm波长类氖锗X光激光光源理论模拟

 波长19.6nm的类氖锗X光激光适合作为诊断激光等离子体界面不稳定性的光源。用经过实验检验的系列程序对预-主短脉冲驱动类氖锗进行了系统的优化设计和理论分析。采用2%~3%的预脉冲强度，6~8ns的预-主脉冲时间间隔，在4×10¹³W/cm²功率密度驱动下, 波长19.6nm增益区的宽度可以超过60μm，增益区的维持时间可以达到90ps。对于16mm长的平板靶，增益系数可达11.8/cm；弯曲靶增益系数可达13.3/cm；单靶小增益长度积可达21.3，单靶就可以获得饱和增益。采用双靶对接，其小讯号增益可达38.4，可以获得深度饱和增益，能满足应用演示所需的X光激光光源。     

19.6nm波长类氖锗X光激光光源理论模拟

波长19.6nm的类氖锗X光激光适合作为诊断激光等离子体界面不稳定性的光源。用经过实验检验的系列程序对预-主短脉冲驱动类氖锗进行了系统的优化设计和理论分析。采用2%~3%的预脉冲强度,6~8ns的预-主脉冲时间间隔,在4×1013W/cm2功率密度驱动下, 波长19.6nm增益区的宽度可以超过60μm,增益区的维持时间可以达到90ps。对于16mm长的平板靶,增益系数可达11.8/cm;弯曲靶增益系数可达13.3/cm;单靶小增益长度积可达21.3,单靶就可以获得饱和增益。采用双靶对接,其小讯号增益可达38.4,可以获得深度饱和增益,能满足应用演示所需的X光激光光源。     

类氖锗等离子体中软X激光饱和增益实验研究

进入“冰窗”波段和获得饱和增益输出是当前实验室研究X激光的目标。考察X激光输出的强度随靶长的变化规律,是判断是否达到饱和增益的重要依据,但必须排除折射等因素造成的假像。为了校正折射等的影响,我们曾经提出并实施了“双靶对接”方案,在功率为10~(12)W的LF-12~#钕玻璃激光装置上,获得了高增益的类氖锗等离子体中软X激光输出。最近,在饱和增益研究实验中,我们发展了双靶对接的概念。设计了“多靶串接”方案,获得了趋于饱和的类氖锗等离子体中软X激光输出。     

2ω1ω激光驱动的类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光

类氖离子的X光激光理论研究可以为类镍X光激光提供有益启示。设计了一系列瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光的实验,采用2ω1ω泵浦方式,即预脉冲采用倍频钕玻璃激光,主脉冲采用基频,用新开发的瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗的系列程序进行了模拟,并与1ω1ω驱动的情况进行了比较。模拟表明, 2ω1ω泵浦方案使类氖锗19.6 nm Ｘ光激光的小信号增益系数增大为1ω1ω方案的1.6倍,增益区也转移到了更高的电子密度区,是获得更短波长X光激光的一种有效方法。     

2ω1ω激光驱动的类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光

 类氖离子的X光激光理论研究可以为类镍X光激光提供有益启示。设计了一系列瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光的实验,采用2ω1ω泵浦方式,即预脉冲采用倍频钕玻璃激光,主脉冲采用基频,用新开发的瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗的系列程序进行了模拟,并与1ω1ω驱动的情况进行了比较。模拟表明, 2ω1ω泵浦方案使类氖锗19.6 nm Ｘ光激光的小信号增益系数增大为1ω1ω方案的1.6倍,增益区也转移到了更高的电子密度区,是获得更短波长X光激光的一种有效方法。     

电子碰撞激发类氖锗X光激光增益饱和的理论研究

耦合ｘ光激光辐射输运方程与速率方程，编制了研究类氖锗等离子体中多条激光线增益饱和过程的程序。计算结果与普通饱和方程的结果在深度饱和阶段有显著区别。计算结果还显示了增益曲线“烧孔”及线宽在饱和前后由不断变窄到不断加宽的现象。理论结果与“多靶串接”类氖锗Ｘ光激光实验数据进行了比较。     

瞬态电子碰撞激发类氖锗19.6nm X射线激光的理论研究

近来，许多实验室仅采用一个脉宽为几个ps的短脉冲就得到了强放大的软X射线激光.这表明瞬态是来得及电离的.为此，在类氖锗的瞬态电子碰撞激发19.6nm 波长X射线激光研究中，提出了采用低预脉冲产生低电离度的预等离子体，后续一个ps级短脉冲既电离又加热等离子体的驱动方式.并用系列程序进行了模拟.模拟结果表明，这种驱动方式也可以得到高增益. 关键词： X射线激光 等离子体 增益系数 瞬态电子碰撞激发     

类氖锗X射线激光光学特性研究

本工作测量了类氖锗3s-3p X射线激光的23.2nm和23.6nm两条强激光跃迁线水平方向和垂直方向的空间分布,当靶长20mm时,X射线激光水平方向束发散角约为12mrad,主束指向偏离线状等离子体轴线约8mrad;垂直方向束发散角约为22mrad,本工作还采用钼/硅多层膜平面反射镜,对X射线激光进行正反射,获得了X射线激光双程放大的光学特性。 关键词：     

Theoretical research on enhancement of gain for Ni-like Ag 13.9nm x-ray laser using a new two-layer target

For experiments such as on Ni-like Ag x-ray laser, driven by 1\omega laser, the gain region is only several~nm depth near the target surface, this paper proposes a new two-layer target, in which a thin layer (several nm depth) of silver is plated on the surface of some other materials. Furthermore, the Ni-like Ag 13.9~nm x-ray laser produced by three new kinds of two-layer target with CH, Al and Ge as foundation, was theoretically studied.     

Parametric study of plasma active medium and gain saturation region in a Ne-like soft X-ray laser

Plasmas created by the interaction of high power optical laser with a target surface can be used as a source of soft X-ray lasers. Plasma and pump laser characteristics play significant role in achieving high gain coefficient for such plasma based on soft X-ray lasers. In the present work, the plasma active medium parameters for germanium element at a wavelength of 19.6 nm irradiated by a double-pulse pump laser have been studied using MED103 hydrodynamic code. For this purpose, first, the effects of laser intensity, pulse width and delay time of two pulses on the gain coefficient have been investigated and the optimum conditions for the maximum gain extent of Ne-like germanium soft X-ray laser are obtained. Then, in order to calculate the intensity of such high gain lasers in which Linford equation is invalid, we have adopted the general formula of amplified spontaneous emission intensity, which is valid in all range of intensities even at much higher intensities than saturation intensity. Finally, the soft X-ray laser intensities in the saturated areas for different plasma lengths have been calculated. The results show that the output of soft X-ray laser intensity with 294 cm⁻¹ gain coefficient can reach to about several times saturated intensity by applying a 1–2 mm plasma length as the active medium.     

Radiative decay from doubly to singly excited states of He via generalization of Laguerre-type orbitals： A non-orthogonal formalism

By taking full account of the non-orthogonality of the orbitals between the low-lying doubly excited states ¹P^o and the singly excited states ¹S^e and ¹²D^e of He, the corresponding radiative decay rates have been investigated theoretically via analytic generalized Laguerre-type atomic orbitals at a nearly numerical multi-configuration self-consistent field accuracy in a general non-orthogonal configuration interaction scheme. From these rates, we calculate the VUV photon emission and metastable atom spectra, and both are found to be in good qualitative agreement with recent excellent measurements. We obtain, successfully, the enhancement of the VUV photon spectrum, experimentally observed at the energy of (2s4p-4s2p)/(2p,3d) ¹P^o as compared with other nearby lying states. The mechanism proposed by Odling-Smee et al is verified, implying that taking appropriate account of the overlap existing between orbitals of the low-lying doubly excited and singly excited states (especially important for the compact orbitals) can reveal basic physical dominant mechanism and is crucial in understanding these spectra.     

Geometric quantities of lower doubly excited bound states of helium

Expectation values of single electron and interelectronic geometric quantities such as $\langle r\rangle$, $\langle r_{12}\rangle$, $\langle r_<\rangle$, $\langle r_>\rangle$, $\langle \cos\theta_{12}\rangle$ and $\langle \theta_{12}\rangle$ are calculated for doubly excited $2{\rm p}n{\rm p}\,{}^1P^{\,\rm e}\,(3\leq n\leq5),\, 2{\rm p}n{\rm p}\,{}^3\!P^{\,\rm e}\,(2\leq n\leq5)$ and $2{\rm p}n{\rm d}\,{}^{1,3}D^{\,\rm o}\,(3\leq n\leq5)$ states of helium using Hylleraas-$B$-spline basis set. The energy levels converge to at least 10 significant digits in our calculations. The extrapolated values of geometric quantities except for $\langle \theta_{12}\rangle$ reach 10 significant digits as well; $\langle \theta_{12}\rangle$ reaches at least 7 significant digits using a multipole expansion approach. Our results provide a precise reference for future research.     

模拟ps激光驱动的类氖锗19.6 nm X光激光

瞬态电子碰撞激发产生X光激光的机制可以极大减少X光激光的泵浦能量。模拟了脉宽为1 ps,波长1.053 μm的钕玻璃激光驱动的类氖锗X光激光。模拟表明,在临界面附近可以产生高达60 cm-1的增益,还计算了X光激光在等离子体中的传播,计算表明X光激光在等离子体中的折射效应仍然是影响X光激光输出强度及分布的重要因素。     

GeO分子激发态的电子结构和跃迁性质的组态相互作用方法研究

应用多参考组态相互作用方法计算了GeO分子的第一解离极限(Ge(³P_g)+O(³P_g))对应的18个Λ-S电子态的电子结构. 计算中纳入了Ge原子的3d轨道电子的内壳层-价壳层电子关联效应、标量相对论效应和Davidson修正. 基于计算的电子态的电子结构, 通过求解径向Schrödinger方程获得了束缚电子态的光谱常数R_e, T_e, ω_e, ω_eχ_e, B_e, 理论计算给出的这些电子态的光谱常数与之前的实验结果符合得很好. 计算了电子态的电偶极矩随核间距的变化, 分析了电子态的组态成分的变化对电偶极矩的影响. 计算的势能曲线表明, 激发态A¹Π, 1¹Σ^-, D¹Δ, a³Π, a’³Σ⁺, d³Δ 和 e³Σ^-的绝热激发能密集地分布于26000-37000 cm^-1范围内, 这些密集分布的电子态之间的相互作用对振动波函数有明显扰动作用. 借助于激发态之间的自旋-轨道耦合矩阵元, 阐明了邻近的激发态对A¹Π和a³Π的扰动作用. 基于计算的A¹Π-X¹Σ⁺和A’¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺跃迁的电偶极跃迁矩和Franck-Condon 因子, 给出了A¹Π 和A’¹Σ⁺态的最低的六个振动能级的辐射寿命.     

氦原子低激发态能量的变分计算

给出了一种用变分法计算氦原子低激发态（电子组态为1s2s,1s2p)能量的具体方法,计算过程中解决了激发态波函数与基态波函数的正交性,计算结果与实验值与相当接近。     

Enhanced dissociation of H2+ into highly excited states by UV pulses

We theoretically study the dissociation of H₂⁺ by UV laser pulses as a function of the photon energy ω of the pulse. Our results show that pronounced enhancements of the dissociation into highly excited electronic states can be achieved at some critical ω. This is found to be attributed to a consecutively resonant excitation mechanism where the population is first transferred to the first excited state by absorbing one photon and then to higher states by absorbing another one or more photons at the same internuclear distance. This study indicates that the strong coupling between the lowest two states of H₂⁺ can significantly affect the dissociation through higher lying states.     

基于双激发态对稠密等离子体中双电子复合速率系数的研究

讨论了稠密等离子体中双电子复合速率系数的计算方法,推导出了在双激发态间跃迁过程和关于双激发态的碰撞电离和自电离过程的影响下双电子复合速率系数作为关于电子密度函数的计算公式,并以类氖镍离子为例进行了计算.计算结果展示了双电子复合速率系数随电子密度增大的具体变化趋势.此外,还给出了在不同原子过程影响下双电子复合速率系数的数据,并进行了分析.