Differential L-shell radiative recombination rate coefficients for bare uranium ions interacting with low-energy electrons

Results of the calculations of differential L?shell radiative recombination (RR) rate coefficients for bare uranium ions colliding with free electrons using the nonrelativistic dipole approximation and fully relativistic calculations are reported. The rate coefficients were obtained for very low, in the range of meV, relative electron-ion energies. We demonstrate that even for such low relative ion-electron energies the relativistic effects significantly modify the differential RR rate coefficients for the L?subshells and, as a result, the measurements of the relative electron energy dependence of the L-RR rates could be used for studying of the relativistic effects. These effects are strongest for the L ₃-subshell, which is discussed here in more details.     

Enhancement of electron–ion recombination rates at low energy range in the heavy ion storage ring CSRm

Recombination of Ar¹⁴⁺, Ar¹⁵⁺, Ca¹⁶⁺, and Ni¹⁹⁺ ions with electrons has been investigated at low energy range based on the merged-beam method at the main cooler storage ring CSRm in the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou,China. For each ion, the absolute recombination rate coefficients have been measured with electron–ion collision energies from 0 meV to 1000 meV which include the radiative recombination(RR) and also dielectronic recombination(DR)processes. In order to interpret the measured results, RR cross sections were obtained from a modified version of the semiclassical Bethe and Salpeter formula for hydrogenic ions. DR cross sections were calculated by a relativistic configuration interaction method using the flexible atomic code(FAC) and AUTOSTRUCTURE code in this energy range. The calculated RR + DR rate coefficients show a good agreement with the measured value at the collision energy above 100 meV.However, large discrepancies have been found at low energy range especially below 10 meV, and the experimental results show a strong enhancement relative to the theoretical RR rate coefficients. For the electron–ion collision energy below 1 meV, it was found that the experimentally observed recombination rates are higher than the theoretically predicted and fitted rates by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9. The strong dependence of RR rate coefficient enhancement on the charge state of the ions has been found with the scaling rule of q^3.0, reproducing the low-energy recombination enhancement effects found in other previous experiments.     

Mixed layer – structured ferroelectrics on the basis of \mbox{\sffamily\bfseries Bi}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 4}} \mbox{\sffamily\bfseries Ti}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 3}} \mbox{\sffamily\bfseries O}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 12}}

Thermal diffusivities of pure YVO₄ single crystal and single crystals doped with Nd, Tm and Ca ions are measured using a modified ?ngstr?m's method. Measurements were carried out for main crystallographic directions ([100], [010] and [001]). Obtained results show that the thermal diffusivity in [001] direction is considerably higher than in (001) plane. Decrease of the thermal diffusivity is observed with growing concentration of dopants. For the heavier doped sample (5% at. of Tm + 0.4% at. of Ca) a drop of the thermal diffusivity is about 35%.     

Application of radiative electron capture for the diagnostics of spin-polarized ion beams at storage rings

It is proposed to apply the radiative electron capture into high-Z projectiles as a probe process for measuring the spin polarization of the hydrogenlike ions at storage rings. We argue that such polarization measurements are possible since the linear polarization of emitted x-ray photons is greatly sensitive to the spin states of incoming ions with nuclear spin I > 1/2. In particular, for K-shell electron capture into the hydrogenlike ions, the linear polarization of light as measured out of the reaction plane is found to be proportional to the degree of ion polarization. Detailed computations for the dependence of the photon polarization on the ion spin states and projectile energies are carried out for the electron recombination into hydrogenlike Bi 82+ ions.     

Single photon double ionization of \mbox{\sffamily\bfseries H}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont 2}} by circularly polarized photons at a photon energy of 160 eV

We report on fully differential cross sections for double ionization of H₂ by a single circularly polarized photon of 160 eV energy. For an unequal sharing of the energy between the two electrons and a particular geometry where the influence of electron/electron interaction is constant, we find a four-lobe structure in the molecular frame angular distribution of the faster electron. This structure is interpreted to be due to a coherent emission of the electron from the two atomic centers of the molecule. This Young-type interference pattern is lost for other geometries, where electron-electron interaction plays a major role. Furthermore, we show that the interference structure depends strongly on the internuclear distance.     

Biferroic electro – acoustic ceramics with $\mbox{\sffamily\bfseries BiFeO}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 3}}$ composition

Bismuth ferrite, one of a few multiferroics, has attracted much attention for many decades since 1960. BiFeO₃ (BFO) belongs to perovskite class of complex oxides. BFO is one of only a few materials in which (anti)ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity coexis in room temperature. Authors prepared BiFeO₃ ceramics by solid state reaction method. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis were investigated. The microstructure of the BFO ceramics was investigated by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the ferroelectric characteristic of BFO ceramics was demonstrated. BFO is very interesting ceramic material for potential applications in the memory devices, sensors, satellite communications, optical filters and smart devices.     

双电子复合过程的相对论理论研究 通道的变化特性

双电子复合是一种共振辐射复合过程,在这一过程中,一个具有特定能量的自由电子与电离度为q的离子A~(+q)碰撞,形成有两个电子激发的自电离态n_(?)l_(?)nl,该自电离态进一步发射光子,复合成A~(+(q-1))离子,一系列n(?)l_(?)nl自电离态(n_(?)l_(?)l固定,n从有限到无限变化)形成一个通道,本文在相对论单组态理论基础上,具体探讨了类氦铁离子(3s_(1/2)~nP_(1/2))J=(?)通道中,双电子复合速率随n的变化规律,根据本文得到的规律,可以很方便地计算任意离子的任意一 关键词：     

原子实对离子n壳层辐射复合截面的影响

基于Dirac-Slater相对论平均自洽场理论和类氢模型,研究了自由电子被辐射复合到裸核和类裸核离子的n壳层时RR截面随自由电子能量的变化,以及原子实对这种变化的影响;给出了两种理论模型下RR截面曲线变化的差异,并对这种差异做了较详细的理论说明.     

Double clad aluminosilicate optical fibre doped with $\mbox{\sffamily\bfseries Nd}^{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 3+}}$ ions

Double clad aluminosilicate optical fibre doped with neodymium ions was obtained. Aluminosilicate glasses with low silica (25 mol%) content possess very good optical, thermal and mechanical properties. Simultaneously they are characterized by high solubility of rare earth elements. A set of physical measurements including: DTA, DSC, DL analysis, absorption spectroscopy and thermo-physical properties (thermal stability parameters, refractive index, thermal expansion coefficient, microhardness, density and molar volume) were determined. Double-crucible drawing technique was applied to obtain neodymium doped double clad optical fibre with . Luminescence spectra of aluminosilicate glass and fibre doped with Nd^{3 +} ions are presented.     

Radiative recombination of ions and nuclei in electron cooling systems

Experimental data on rates for the radiative recombination of nuclei (from helium to uranium) and various ions in interaction with an electron beam in electron cooling systems are reviewed. An analysis of the experimental data has yielded the dependence of the radiative recombination rate on the relative electron energy appreciably differently than the theoretical models obtained earlier by H. Kramers and R. Schuch. In addition, it is shown that the radiative recombination rate of nuclei in the experiment depends on the transverse electron energy as T _?? ^?0.82 ,which is also different from the results of the calculations by the theoretical model proposed by M. Bell and J. Bell. Experimental data on the cooling of ions in intermediate charge states are analyzed and the dependence of the radiative recombination rate on the charge state of the ion (electron-shell configuration) is shown. For some ion charge states, the rate of the process is of a resonance character. Loss to radiative recombination in the electron cooling system of the NICA Booster is evaluated for the Au³²⁺, Au³³⁺, Au⁵⁰⁺, and Au⁵¹⁺ ion beams. Limitations imposed on the Au79+ beam lifetime by radiative recombination in the electron cooling system of the NICA Collider are analyzed. Possible ways to decrease the radiative recombination rate of nuclei by selecting the parameters of the electron cooling system for the NICA Collider are proposed.     

ZnO sensing structure for $\mbox{\sffamily\bfseries NH}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 3}}$ detection

Layered structure for the detection and measuring of gaseous ammonia have been presented. The presented sensor structures hale Bern developed on the base of thin ZnO and Au/Cr layers deposited on a glass substrate. The technological as well as optical properties of the elaborated sensing structures have been discussed.     

Effects of electron correlation and the Breit interaction on one- and two-electron one-photon transitions in double K hole states of He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47)

The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47) are calculated using the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method(MCDF). An appropriate electron correlation model is constructed with the aid of the active space method, which allows the electron correlation effects to be studied efficiently. The contributions of the electron correlation and the Breit interaction to the transition properties are analyzed in detail. It is found that the two-electron one-photon(TEOP) transition is correlation sensitive. The Breit interaction and electron correlation both contribute significantly to the radiative transition properties of the double K hole state of the He-like ions. Good agreement between the present calculation and previous work is achieved. The calculated data will be helpful to future investigations on double K hole decay processes of He-like ions.     

Density dependence of recombination in the electron cooler of CRYRING

The electron-ion recombination rates of Ne¹⁰⁺ and D⁺ have been measured as a function of relative energy and electron density. We found a strong enhancement of e-Ne¹⁰⁺ recombination over expected radiative recombination rates below 1 meV relative energies, reaching a factor of 4 close to zero relative energy. Remarkably, the measured rate coefficients decrease as a function of electron density for both systems. Studies of recombination of D⁺ indicate that this density dependence may be due to temperature variations of the electron beam with the electron density.     

Recombination of lithium-like bismuth and uranium ions with free electrons at the ESR

In two separate experiments at the ESR recombination of 230 MeV/u Bi⁸⁰⁺ and 170 MeV/u U⁸⁹⁺ ions was studied. The analysis of these experiments has been carried on in order to extract information about radiative recombination (RR) of very highly charged ions exposed to electrons with a density of few 10⁶ cm^-3. In the light of the recombination rate enhancement seen in almost all recent experiments at a relative energy E_rel = 0 eV, a surprising result is found for the very highly charged ions, which could add some confusion to an already puzzling picture: in spite of the high charge state of the investigated ions there is no evidence of enhanced recombination beyond the expected RR rate. This observation appears to be supported by other experimental findings at the ESR as well. We suspect, however, that this is a consequence of excessive transverse magnetic field components in the ESR cooler (which have meanwhile been corrected for) causing variable degrees of angular mismatch between the ion beam and the electron beam occurring when the ring settings are tuned for optimum cooling. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Recombination of U 92 + ions with electrons

Recombination of fully stripped U⁹²⁺ ions with electrons has been investigated at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) in Darmstadt. Absolute recombination rate coefficients have been measured for relative energies from 0 to 33 eV. For energies greater than 20 meV the experimental result is well described by the theory for radiative recombination (RR). Below 20 meV the experimental rate increasingly exceeds the RR calculation as observed previously in the recombination of light bare ions as well as of Bi⁸³⁺. This low-energy rate enhancement is shown to scale as Z^2.6 for bare ions, where Z is the atomic number of the ion. The U⁹²⁺ recombination rate enhancement is insensitive to changes of the electron density. Variation of the magnetic guiding field strength from 80 mT to 120 mT resulted in oscillations of the recombination rate at 0 eV. The oscillations are partly attributed to changes of the transverse electron temperature accompanying the change of the magnetic guiding field strength; partly they may be caused by uncompensated small changes of the interaction angle between the two beams. Received 1st March 2001 and Received in final form 20 April 2001     

实验室光致电离等离子体中激发过程的研究

光致电离等离子体在宇宙中广泛存在于强辐射场附近. 近年来随着高能量密度实验装置的发展, 在实验室内也能构造出光致电离等离子体. RCF是一个基于The Flexible Atomic Code 数据的针对光致电离等离子体的辐射碰撞模型, 该模型模拟了两个光致电离实验, 其 理论结果中电离态分布和光谱与测量值符合得很好. 在理论模拟中发现, 光致电离等离子体中光致激发和碰撞激发过程对离子态布居和发射光谱都有非常重要的影响. 光致激发过程可以通过将离子激发到双激发态从而间接电离离子; 碰撞激发过程会因为电子将基态离子激发到电离截面小的单激发态而抑制光子对等离子体的电离. 光致激发过程可以加强类锂离子的类氦离子的卫线, 而碰撞激发过程会影响类氦离子谱线的线强之比.     

基于HIRFL-CSR的高速高电荷态重离子与原子碰撞X射线谱学实验设计与研究

依据非相对论偶极近似、相对论程函近似、ECPSSR理论及平面波玻恩近似方法,计算了30～500 MeV/u的Ar18+、Kr36+和Xe54+离子与Ar、Kr和Xe原子碰撞过程中辐射电子俘获、非辐射电子俘获及内壳电离截面.在此基础上,结合光子探测器的能量分辨以及炮弹离子跃迁谱线的多普勒效应等因素,针对HIRFL-CSR...     

Polarization and angular correlation studies of X-rays emitted in relativistic ion-atom collisions

Particle and photon polarization phenomena occurring in collisions of relativistic ions with matter have recently attracted particular interest. Investigations of the emitted characteristic x-ray and radiative electron capture radiation has been found to be a versatile tool for probing our present understanding of the dynamics of particles in extreme electromagnetic fields. Owing to the progress in x-ray detector technology, in addition, accurate measurements of the linear polarization for hard x-ray photons as well as the determination of the polarization plane became possible. This new diagnostic tool enables one today to derive information about the polarization of the ion beams from the photon polarization features of the radiative electron capture process.     

Mkn 501 X射线和TeV射线准周期震荡的可能机制

我们提出了对流占主导的吸积流（ADAF）盘的辐射线是Mkn 501中从X射线到Tevγ射线的源光子；而且此盘的不稳定性可以解释Mkn 501中在X射线和Tevγ射线光变曲线23天的准周期光变。在这个模型中,光学到X射线辐射进入喷流，后由于喷流内相对论电子的作用而转化成高能光子。在这个过程中，发生在ADAF盘中的不稳定性导致源光子的准周期变化，从而导致了X射线和γ射线的变化。     

Resonance inelastic scattering of an x-ray photon by the xenon atom

The effect of many-particle and relativistic effects on the absolute values and the shape of the doubly differential cross section of resonance inelastic scattering of a linearly polarized x-ray photon by the free xenon atom in the energy region of the K ionization threshold is studied theoretically. The evolution of the spatially extended structure of the scattering cross section in the Kα,β structure of the x-ray emission spectrum of the xenon atom is demonstrated. The calculations were performed in the dipole approximation for the anomalous dispersion part of the total amplitude of probability of inelastic scattering and in the impulse approximation for the contact part of this amplitude. The radial relaxation of electronic shells, the spin-orbit splitting, the double excitation/ionization of the ground atomic state, as well as the Auger and radiative decays of the atomic core vacancies being formed were taken into account. In constructing the probability amplitude of the process, the relativistic effects were taken into account as a passage from the nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock wave functions to the relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Fock wave functions of the one-particle scattering states and as the passage (for the radiative transition amplitudes) to the relativistic form of the operator of the photon-atom interaction. The calculation results are predictive in character and, at the incident photon energy 34.42 keV, agree well with the results of the synchrotron experiment.