Positive-branch unstable resonators with thermal lens compensation

In order to compensate for thermal lensing in Nd : YAG rod active media, placed in unstable resonators with a super-Gaussian reflectivity profile of the output mirror, a deformable thin glass plate was used as the rear mirror. Unstable resonators with a magnification of M = 1.8 and with one and two Nd : YAG rods inside were investigated. By a proper variation of the radius of the thin glass plate, the magnification of the resonator was maintained constant by varying the refractive powers of the rods. For compensated resonators, the output energy of the laser working at 10 Hz repetition rate and pump energies up to 50 J per pulse was close to those obtained for a 1 Hz repetition rate.     

大长宽比、变发散角光束二维变焦整形研究

为实现激光束形状的二维整形,同时灵活适应入射光束发散角、尺寸等参数的变化,提高光束质量,提出了一种适用于大长宽比、变发散角的激光束二维变焦整形方法。该方法利用光线变换矩阵方法分析光路,采用柱透镜、球透镜对光束进行二维变焦整形,通过镜片位置和间距的动态调节,实现对光束在x,y两个维度上的尺寸、发散角共四个参数各自独立的调整,实时校正激光束的低阶像差,使出射光束始终保持为预定状态。试验研究表明,该方法具有光路结构简单、综合像差小、调节范围大等优点,能够显著改善高功率激光器的光束质量,尤其适用于具有大长宽比增益区的板条激光器和化学激光器的输出光束整形。     

Variable reflectivity unstable resonators for a long pulse XeCl excimer laser

The divergence of a long pulse, low gain XeCl excimer laser has been improved using confocal positive branch unstable resonators with variable reflectivity mirrors as outcouplers. With variable reflectivity unstable resonators, nearly diffraction limited beams are obtained. Variable reflectivity resonators lead to high brightness beams (9.1 10 W/(cm sr)). Different reflection profiles were studied with respect to their influence on the beam quality and the energy extraction.     

A Nd: YAG laser with a flat-top beam profile and constant divergence

An active resonator designed especially for Nd: YAG lasers is proposed. The expected performance of this resonator is the generation of a laser beam with a flat-topped distribution and a divergence invariant under the thermal lensing effect, such that it could be applied to surface treatment without special optical or mechanical elements. The beam quality and efficiency of such a resonator are presented and discussed in comparison with a parallel-plane resonator as adopted by most industrial Nd: YAG lasers.     

Investigation on the effect of beam divergence angle upon output waveform based on stimulated Brillouin scattering optical limiting

This paper investigates the effect of beam divergence angle on output waveform based on stimulated Brillouin scattering optical limiting. Output waveforms in the case of different pump divergence angles are numerically simulated, and validated in a Nd:YAG seed-injected laser system. The results indicate that a small pump divergence angle can lead to good interaction between pump and Stokes, and a platform can be easily realized in the transmitted waveform. In contrast, a peak followed by the platform appears when the divergence angle becomes large.     

Tunnel regenerated coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity laser with high quality beam

A novel coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity structure cascaded by tunnel junction is proposed to solve the problems of catastrophic optical damage (COD) of facet and large vertical divergence caused by the thin emitting area in the conventional laser diode. For the laser with three active regions, a slope efficiency as high as 1.49 W/A, a vertical divergence angle of 17.4°, and a threshold current density of 271 A/cm² are achieved. By optimizing the structure parameters, the beam quality is greatly improved, and the level of COD power increases more than two times compared with that of the conventional laser.     

腔内像散扰动对正支共焦腔模式影响的数值分析

 针对激光器出光过程中腔内像差扰动带来的输出光束质量和光束能量下降问题,分析了腔内像差扰动对非稳腔模式的影响,并采用数值迭代法计算了理想情形和腔内像散扰动对无源正支共焦腔输出模式强度和相位分布的影响,进一步采用Zernike模式法对光束相位进行了像差拟合,得到了前35阶Zernike像差系数、点扩散函数(PSF)分布和环围能量曲线,计算了腔内像散扰动量与远场Strehl比的关系。结果表明：对小菲涅耳数正支共焦腔,腔内像散扰动对输出光束强度和相位分布均有明显影响,相位分布中一些高阶Zernike像差也有所增大。因此在进行腔内像差校正时,应优先考虑此类像差的校正。     

非稳腔输出环状激光束的传输特性

本文从菲涅耳衍射积分公式出发研究了激光器非稳腔输出环状光束在空间的传输规律.由轴上光强的极值点位置给出了划分非稳腔传输空间的近场、中场和远场区域公式.理论计算结果表明,非稳腔输出端环状光束在中场区域激光能量逐渐向轴心方向转移,而在远场变为爱里型圆盘状光束的过程.在非稳腔脉冲TEA CO_2激光器上测得的实验结果与理论计算结果很好地符合.     

带电粒子束传输中横向发散的类ABCD定律

 傍轴近似下带电粒子束传输可完全类比于近轴光线椭圆高斯光束的传输。基于这种类比，建立了带电粒子束传输中横向发散的复曲率半径的类ABCD定律，引入了带电粒子在横向的复曲率半径的概念，并以复曲率半径的实部表征带电粒子束的敛散特性，虚部表征带电粒子束的束斑大小。由此提出：带电粒子束整体可被看作类椭圆高斯光束，其发射度与光束波长的作用相同。通过这种类比可知，在适宜的加速器环境下，理论上可能产生相干带电粒子束。     

Properties of a laser beam generated from an axicon resonator

A high power cw CO₂ laser beam is generated from a resonator configuration having an axicon mirror as its end reflector. The properties of this beam are evaluated in terms of its polarization, focusing capability and temporal stability and the resulting effects on processing materials are presented. A comparison is made between a folded and a straight resonator having a spherical focusing mirror as its end reflector.     

A tunnel regenerated coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity laser with a high quality beam

A novel coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity structure cascaded by a tunnel junction is proposed to solve the problems of facet catastrophic optical damage (COD) and the large vertical divergence caused by the thin emitting area in conventional laser diodes. For a laser with three active regions, a slope efficiency as high as 1.49 W/A, a vertical divergence angle of 17.4 , and a threshold current density of 271 A/cm 2 are achieved. By optimizing the structural parameters, the beam quality is greatly improved, and the level of the COD power increases by more than two times compared with that of the conventional laser.     

Influence of spherical aberrations on fundamental mode beam quality under different laser resonators

Spherical aberrations of the thermal lens of the active media are severe when solid state lasers are strongly pumped. The fundamental mode profile deteriorates due to the aberrations. Self-consistent modes of a resonator with aberrations are calculated by using the Fox--Li diffraction iterative algorithm. Calculation results show that the aberration induced fundamental mode beam quality deterioration depends greatly on the resonator design. The tolerance of a flat--flat resonator to the aberration coefficient is about 30λ in the middle of stability, where λ is the wavelength of laser beam. But for a dynamically stable resonator, 2λ of spherical aberration will create diffraction loss of more than 40%, if inappropriate design criteria are used. A birefringence compensated laser resonator with two Nd:YAG rods is experimentally studied. The experimental data are in quite good agreement with simulation results.     

940 nm low beam divergence tapered window laser arrays

The structures of 940 nm low vertical beam divergence semiconductor lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy are presented. The high power laser consists of an array of closely spaced tapered waveguides giving lower parallel beam divergence and window structure. The emission wavelength is 939 nm. The FWHM of the far field pattern is 8×30°. The maximum continuous wave (CW) output power of 30 W has been achieved. In the aging tests, the laser arrays have been operating for over 3000 h under the CW condition of 25 W.     

一种大功率宽波段激光束散角的校准测试方法

在大功率激光系统的评价与分析中,激光器的光束品质是系统光束品质的决定性因素,也是激光器验收、鉴定的重要指标,其中束散角是判别激光光束质量的重要参数。本系统测试激光波长的范围比较宽,一般在0.532μm～10.6μm之间,没有合适的探测器能够覆盖整个波段,所以采用了一种新的方法来解决宽波段束散角的测量问题。选用CCD成像和扫描狭缝相结合的方法来实现宽波段激光光束束散角的测量,可见光和近红外波段（0.532μm～1.2μm）激光光束采用CCD法测量激光束散角,中红外波段（1.2μm～10.6μm）激光光束采用扫描狭缝法测量激光束散角。两种方法的结合可以较为精确地测量出不同波段的激光束散角。     

腔内像散扰动对正支共焦腔模式影响的数值分析

针对激光器出光过程中腔内像差扰动带来的输出光束质量和光束能量下降问题,分析了腔内像差扰动对非稳腔模式的影响,并采用数值迭代法计算了理想情形和腔内像散扰动对无源正支共焦腔输出模式强度和相位分布的影响,进一步采用Zernike模式法对光束相位进行了像差拟合,得到了前35阶Zernike像差系数、点扩散函数(PSF)分布和环围能量曲线,计算了腔内像散扰动量与远场Strehl比的关系。结果表明：对小菲涅耳数正支共焦腔,腔内像散扰动对输出光束强度和相位分布均有明显影响,相位分布中一些高阶Zernike像差也有所增大。因此在进行腔内像差校正时,应优先考虑此类像差的校正。     

Dynamic path length changes in all-fiber mirrors: Transmission modulation

In this paper, we present a technique to modulate the transmission of an all-fiber mirror. This technique is based on the phase modulation of the light in the fiber loop, combined with the time delay between the clockwise and anticlockwise propagating beams. Using Jones calculus, a theoretical analysis has been carried out to describe the effects of static polarization changes and a dynamic phase modulation. An experimental all-fiber optical mirror has been constructed, and using a 1-MHz piezoelectric disc as the phase modulator, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve either a 1-MHz or 2-MHz transmission modulation by adjusting the polarization state.     

电子束发散角的直接测量技术模拟研究

切伦科夫辐射是一种方向性极好的辐射,其辐射能量发射方向严格地与带电粒子的运动方向相关,辐射光携带了带电粒子的方向信息,利用这种特性可以进行电子束发散角及其分布的测量。在基于切伦科夫辐射原理的基础上,考虑电子与物质作用时的多重库仑散射、电离等效应,进行了电子束发散角测量的蒙特卡罗数值模拟程序的建模工作,并完成了理想电子束及具有发散角分布的电子束的测量技术模拟工作。大量模拟结果显示,这种测量方法是可行的,具有对电子束发散角分布进行直接测量的能力,并且其测量系统结构简单。     

内腔式虚共焦非稳腔光参量振荡器激光器的光束质量检测

基于内腔式虚共焦非稳腔的理论优化结果和理论远场发散角4.05 mrad,对光参量振荡器（OPO）激光器的光束质量进行了检测实验,输出激光能量可达70.6 mJ/脉冲,远场发散角最小达5 mrad;分析了影响OPO光束质量的可能因素,验证了经过优化设计的OPO激光器能够获得高光束质量的1.57 m激光。     

Two-dimensional field analysis of semiconductor lasers with small vertical beam divergence

Two-dimensional (2D) optical field distribution and the far-field patterns are analyzed for semiconductor lasers with small vertical beam divergence. The discrete spectral index method is used for the analysis and compared with other methods such as the effective index method. The discrete spectral index method is found to be much better in terms of accuracy and computation efficiency for the laser structures studied. Two laser structures with experimental counterparts are studied. The best beam aspect ratio ( <1.5) is achieved using the conventional ridge waveguide process. The calculated results compare very favorably with the experimental results. Simulations also reveal the guidelines for design of symmetric optical beam.