Determination of chemical forms of 3H released to the atmosphere from the Tokai Reprocessing Plant

A method using a system with two sampling units was proposed to determine the chemical forms of tritium (³H) released into the atmosphere from the Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP). The main advantage of the method is that no carrier gas is required for sampling in the case when air to be sampled has high specific activity with tritiated hydrogen (HT). Investigations using this method showed that 19.1–28.3% of total airborne ³H was released as HT from the TRP during reprocessing operation. No clear relation was found between the ratios of HT release and the types of spent fuel reprocessed.The authors would like to thank T. Yokota, K. Isaka, T. Kozawa and Y. Adachi of Inspection Development Company, Ltd., Y. Hiyama of Zuihou Sanyou Company Ltd., and K. Miyabe, T. Mizutani, H. Watanabe, M. Takeishi and K. Shinohara of Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute for their valuable assistance.     

Incorporating tritiated water into a 14C-sampling system for quantitative estimation of 14C activity in airborne effluent

The effects of incorporating tritiated water into a ¹⁴C-sampling system in sample preparation and ¹⁴C activity measurement by liquid scintillation counting were investigated. Experiments derived the limit of water content in the prepared sample, and also demonstrated that ¹⁴C activity can be determined without any interference from ³H contamination for a clear-sample solution. The results enabled us to estimate the permissible relative humidity of air required for accomplishing sample preparation and ¹⁴C activity measurement. These showed that for sampling of air with less than the permissible relative humidity, total ¹⁴C activity in airborne effluent can be evaluated accurately without dehumidification of air.The authors would like to thank T. Kozawa, K. Isaka and Y. Adachi of Inspection Development Company Ltd., Y. Hiyama of Zuihou Sangyou Company Ltd., and T. Mizutani, H. Watanabe, M. Takeishi and K. Shinohara of Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute for their valuable assistance.     

Incorporating tritiated water into a 14C-sampling system for quantitative estimation of 14C activity in airborne effluent

The effects of incorporating tritiated water into a ¹⁴C-sampling system in sample preparation and ¹⁴C activity measurement by liquid scintillation counting were investigated. Experiments derived the limit of water content in the prepared sample, and also demonstrated that ¹⁴C activity can be determined without any interference from ³H contamination for a clear-sample solution. The results enabled us to estimate the permissible relative humidity of air required for accomplishing sample preparation and ¹⁴C activity measurement. These showed that for sampling of air with less than the permissible relative humidity, total ¹⁴C activity in airborne effluent can be evaluated accurately without dehumidification of air.The authors would like to thank T. Kozawa, K. Isaka and Y. Adachi of Inspection Development Company Ltd., Y. Hiyama of Zuihou Sangyou Company Ltd., and T. Mizutani, H. Watanabe, M. Takeishi and K. Shinohara of Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute for their valuable assistance.     

Ger?te zur Ionenaustausch-Chromatographie im Mikroma?stab

Ohne ZusammenfassungÜber das Gerät und seine Anwendungen vgl. Schnitger, H., K. Papenberg, E. Ganse, R. Czok, T. Bücher u. H. Adam, Biochem. Z. 332, 167 (1959).     

Synthesis of isotopomers of <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-DOPA and dopamine labeled with hydrogen isotopes in the side chain

The enzymatic synthesis of three isotopomers of l-DOPA labeled with deuterium and tritium at α carbon atom was elaborated. These compounds were converted into [(1S)-²H]–, [(1S)- ³H]–, and doubly labeled [(1S)-²H/³H]-dopamines using enzyme tyrosine decarboxylase. Doubly labeled (1R) isotopologue, i.e., [(1R)-²H/³H]-dopamine, was afforded by enzymatic decarboxylation of authentic l-DOPA carried out in deuteriated and tritiated incubation medium.     

Die gaschromatographische Direktanalyse von Pilzduftstoffen in der Hauptwachstumsperiode und bei Hemmstoffzusatz

Ohne Zusammenfassung Sprecher, E., u. K. H. Strackenbrock: Z. Naturforsoh. 186, 495 (1963).     

Tritium activity induced in the accelerator building and its correlation to radioactivity of gamma-nuclides

An infrared furnace (ULVAC RHL-410P) was newly applied to the extraction of tritium from concrete samples. After studying the tritium recovery yield regarding temperature and time, the best extraction conditions were set to 800 °C (setting temperature) for 30 minutes under Ar-gas flow of 200 ml/min. Tritium was collected in two cold traps and transferred to a vial for liquid scintillation counting. It took about one hour for the extraction of tritium. Reproducibility and recovery yield of tritium were about 100% compared to the values obtained by the ordinary heating method using an electric furnace. Gamma-ray emitters and tritium of concrete samples collected from several accelerator facilities have been determined. The specific activity of tritium strongly correlated with that of ¹⁵²Eu and ⁶⁰Co, so it was found that tritium was produced by thermal neutron reaction by the ⁶Li(n,)³H reaction. The results indicate that the tritium specific activity in concrete can be estimated from the ⁶⁰Co specific activity obtained easily by -ray measurement.On leave from IHEP, Beijing.This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The authors also are grateful to Dr. S. Watanabe, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Dr. T. Ohtsuki, Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University, and Dr. T. Saito, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, and their colleagues for concrete sampling.     

Radiochemical study on the recombination reactions of H+T→HT and T+T→T2 in superfluid and normalfluid 3He-4He media at 1.4-2.5 K

The recombination reactions of thermal H and T atoms, H+THT and T+TT₂, have been investigated using radiochemical methods at 1.4-2.5 K in a mixture of ³He-⁴He. The reactive species were produced via ³He(n,p)T by neutron irradiation at the upgraded Japan Research Reactor No. 3 (JRR-3M). Nonstatistical formation of ortho-T₂ was observed over the entire range of ³He atomic fraction at 1.4-2.5 K. The relative yield of T₂ decreased with an increase in superfluid component, which is a second liquid phase observed only in liquid helium, at 1.6 K.     

Application of radiochemical technique in the investigation of chemical reaction at low temperature

Radiochemical technique was used to investigate cryogenic chemical reaction. By introducing reactants of H and T into liquid ³H through ³He(n,p)T reaction, behaviors of H+T→HT and T+T→T₂ were investigated under pressurized condition. Within saturated vapor pressure upto 0.61 Mpa, the isotope ratio of HT/T₂ changed. It was suggested that the change of HT/T₂ was attributed to bubble formation and chemical potential in liquid helium.     

Pressure effect in hydrogen isotope recombination reactions in liquid helium at cryogenic temperature

The behavior of recombinations of H+H→H₂, H+T→HT and T+T→T₂ in liquid helium at cryogenic temperature of 1.6 K was investigated under pressurized condition using radiochemical methods. It was found that the isotope ratios of H₂, HT and T₂ were changed with the pressure. The changes will contribute to the bubble formation, chemical potential and the effective masses of H and T. This work is a preliminary information to carry out chemical reactions in liquid helium.     

Precise assay of weight per cent sodium in high-level processed nuclear tank waste using a <Superscript>252</Superscript>Cf neutron source

An infrared furnace (ULVAC RHL-410P) was newly applied to the extraction of tritium from concrete samples. After studying the tritium recovery yield regarding temperature and time, the best extraction conditions were set to 800 °C (setting temperature) for 30 minutes under Ar-gas flow of 200 ml/min. Tritium was collected in two cold traps and transferred to a vial for liquid scintillation counting. It took about one hour for the extraction of tritium. Reproducibility and recovery yield of tritium were about 100% compared to the values obtained by the ordinary heating method using an electric furnace. Gamma-ray emitters and tritium of concrete samples collected from several accelerator facilities have been determined. The specific activity of tritium strongly correlated with that of ¹⁵²Eu and ⁶⁰Co, so it was found that tritium was produced by thermal neutron reaction by the ⁶Li(n,)³H reaction. The results indicate that the tritium specific activity in concrete can be estimated from the ⁶⁰Co specific activity obtained easily by -ray measurement.On leave from IHEP, Beijing.This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The authors also are grateful to Dr. S. Watanabe, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Dr. T. Ohtsuki, Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University, and Dr. T. Saito, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, and their colleagues for concrete sampling.     

Solochrome Black P.V. as a new reagent in chelatometry

Summary Solochrome Black P.V. has proved to be a suitable metallochromic indicator in direct titrations of Mg, Zn, Cd and Mn^II with EDTA or in back titrating Pb, M and Co at p_H 10. By its aid together with the application of masking agents as potassium cyanide and ammonium fluoride and the mercuric nitrate procedure, fifteen binary mixtures were analysed using simple procedures which gave precise, reproducible and highly accurate results. It can be used as a substitute for Eriochrome Black T in determining micro and milligram amounts of the above mentioned cations.Part I: Khalifa, H., and S. W. Bishra: Z. analyt. Chem. 183, 108 (1961).     

Ionic mobility in the antimony(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">iii</Emphasis>) fluorochloride complexes

Ionic mobility in the NaSbClF₃ · H₂O, KSbClF₃, and NH₄SbClF₃ fluorochloride complexes was studied by ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy in the temperature interval from 150 to 480 K. The types of ionic motions in the compounds were determined. Their physicochemical characteristics were compared with those of the earlier studied sodium, potassium, and ammonium tetrafluoroantimonates(iii). The replacement of one F atom by the Cl atom in MSbF₄ (M = Na, K, NH₄) changes both the structure of the Sb polyhedra forming the structure of the antimony(iii) fluorochloride complex and the character of ionic motions in the compounds. The ionic conductivity in the 324–436 K range was determined for NH₄SbClF₃: σ = 1.07 · 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at T = 423 K. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1353–1357, July, 2008.     

Zur Reaktion von Germaniums?ure mit ?thylendiamintetraessigs?ure

Zusammenfassung Germaniumsäure reagiert mit den Formen H₄Y und H₃Y- der Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure unter Bildung von 11-Komplexverbindungen mit den folgenden Stabilitätskonstanten: K _H4Y=6.27·10⁴ bzw. K _H4Y=5.99·10⁴ und K _H3Y=3,78·10⁴ bzw. K _H3Y=2,35·10⁴ (25°C; Ionenstarke 0,1 m), je nachdem, mit welchen Werten für die Dissoziationskonstanten der ÄDTE gerechnet wird.

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Summary Germanic acid reacts with the species H₄Y and H₃Y- of EDTA forming 11 complex compounds. The following stability constants have been obtained: K _H4Y=6.27x10⁴ resp. K _H4Y=5.99x10⁴ and K _HaY=3.78x10⁴ resp. K _H2Y=2.35x10⁴ (25°C; ionic strength 0.1 m), depending on the values inserted for the dissociation constants of the EDTA.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. M. von Stackelberg zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Nowotny danke ich für wertvolle Diskussionen. Bei der Ausführung der Experimente haben mich in dankenswerter Weise vor allem Herr A. Grumer, ferner Frl. L. Docekal, Frl. E. Hofmeister und Herr P. Angelbeger unterstützt.     

Strukturanalyse von Copolymeren durch Kernspin-Resonanz

Ohne ZusammenfassungDer Inhalt des Vortrages wurde bereits in folgenden Arbeiten veröffentlicht:Johnsen, U.: Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem.70, 320 (1966).- Kolloid-Z.210, 1 (1966).-, u. K.Kolbe: Kolloid-Z.216, 97 (1967).- - Kolloid-Z.220, 145 (1967).Hellwege, K.-H., U.Johnsen u. K.Kolbe: Kolloid-Z.214, 45 (1966).     

Natural radioactivity in some building materials and by-products of Shaanxi, China

The concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K has been determined by -ray spectrometry. The measured activity in the selected building materials and by-products of coal fired power plants ranges from 21.5 to 91.3 Bq·kg^–1, 15.4 to 63.2 Bq·kg^–1 and 83.2 to 683.9 Bq·kg^–1 for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, respectively. The results were compared with the reported data of other countries and with the world average activity of soil. The radium equivalent activities values of all building materials are lower than the limit of 370 Bq·kg^–1, equivalent to a -dose of 1.5 mSv·y^–1. The values of the external hazard index and the internal radiation hazard index are less than unity.This work was supported by the Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of Shaanxi through Grants 2003D04 and by the Science Foundation of Shaanxi Normal University. Gratitude is expressed to J. Xiaowei, W. Xiaolei, L. Zhendong for assisting in sampling.