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1.
娄太平  张乐  郭军兴 《化学学报》2010,68(6):466-470
研究了在不同温度下的NaNO3和AgNO3水溶液中Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3离子交换行为.实验表明Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3均显示出了高选择性与Na+和Ag+进行离子交换的特征,且对Ag+的选择性高于Na+.升高温度可显著提高Ag/Li和Ag/Na的交换反应速度.  相似文献   

2.
采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂离子正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C(LVP/C)及Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C,并用XRD、循环伏安及交流阻抗等方法,研究了大量Na+掺杂对材料结构和电化学性能影响。结果表明,大量钠离子的掺杂会使LVP结构由单斜向菱方转变。掺杂化合物Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C在0.5 C充电1 C放电时,首次放电容量为118 mAh.g-1,50次循环后容量保持率为92.4%,并发现与单斜LVP存在多个放电平台不同,Li2.5Na0.5V2(PO4)3/C仅在3.7 V处有一个放电平台。  相似文献   

3.
采用高温固相法合成了新型特效Na离子吸附剂Li1 xLaxZr2-x(PO4)3.对不同条件下合成的吸附剂进行了XRD结构分析以及SEM分析和IR分析,并对其吸附性能进行了测定.XRD结构分析表明,当x≤0.4时均能得到与LiZr2(PO4)3相同的晶体结构.SEM分析表明,合成的吸附剂分散性好,粒径范围在5~20μm之间.吸附性能测定结果表明,少量La的加入使Li1 xLaxZr2-x(PO4)3对Na离子产生了特效吸附作用,La离子掺杂是改善LiZr2(PO4)3吸附性能的一条有效途径,当x=0.4时,在pH值为10.0~11.0条件下,Li1 xLaxZr2-x(PO4)3的吸附容量达到48.3mg/g.  相似文献   

4.
周元  刘素芹  梁英 《应用化学》2013,30(6):673-676
通过离子交换法制备了Ag3PO4/WO3复合光催化剂。用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射光谱对所制备的样品进行了表征。通过在可见光(λ>420 nm)下降解水中的甲基橙来检测样品的光催化活性。结果表明,Ag3PO4/WO3的光催化活性和稳定性均高于纯相Ag3PO4,其原因是,Ag3PO4导带上的光生电子易于向WO3转移,提高了光生载流子的分离效率,也使得光生电子不再将Ag3PO4中的Ag+还原为Ag。  相似文献   

5.
一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…  相似文献   

6.
通过原位沉积法合成了一种光催化活性强、稳定性高的MoSe2/Ag3PO4复合材料。MoSe2/Ag3PO4形成的异质结构能有效分离光生电子-空穴对,从而提高光催化活性。光生电子从Ag3PO4表面向MoSe2的转移降低了Ag+向金属Ag的可能性。当MoSe2和Ag3PO4的质量分数为1∶5(最优组合)时,MoSe2/Ag3PO4在可见光照射下30 min内降解RhB效率达98%,并且经过4次重复试验,其可见光照射下RhB降解效率仍可达到89%。通过液相色谱/质谱(LC/MS)技术测定光催化过程中产物的变化,提出了MoSe2/Ag3PO4光催化降解RhB的途径。  相似文献   

7.
以Fe(NO3)3,LiNO3,NH4H2PO4和NaNO3为原料,采用简单的液相-碳热还原法合成Li0.97Na0.03FePO4/C复合正极材料.使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和充放电等测试技术研究了材料的结构及倍率充放电性能.通过循环伏安(CV)曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究电极反应过程中的动力学特点.结果表明,Na掺杂形成了具有橄榄石结构的Li0.97Na0.03FePO4固溶体,并增大了晶格中Li+一维扩散通道,使LiFePO4/C的电荷转移电阻减小了约2/3,Li+扩散系数提高了3~4倍.因此,Li0.97Na0.03FePO4/C首次放电比容量在0.1 C和2 C倍率下分别达到152 mAh g-1和109 mAh g-1,比未掺杂的LiFePO4/C的放电比容量分别提高了4.83%和62.69%.  相似文献   

8.
Li3Sc2(PO4)3因具有有利的离子传导通道、低的电子电导率和高的稳定性而成为全固态锂离子电池用固体电解质最具竞争力的材料之一,然而这一化合物只有在245℃以上的γ相才具有快离子传导特性。人们主要采用Zr4+、Ti4+等阳离子部分取代其中的Sc3+以改善材料的室温电导率,有关该化合物PO43-阴离子替代的报道还很少。本研究试图利用机械研磨技术,通过向Li3Sc2(PO4)3原料混合物中加入适量SiO2,以期能够实现对该化合物的部分阴离子替代。研究结果表明:所制备的Li3+xSc2(PO4)3-x(SiO4)x(x=0~0.6)系列化合物在x=0.15时电导率达到最大值,σ298=9.55×10-4 S.m-1,离子传导激活能达到最小值45.06 kJ.mol-1。29Si MAS-NMR测试结果证实所加入的SiO2主要以[SiO4]四面体形式存在替代Li3Sc2(PO4)3中部分[PO4]四面体。  相似文献   

9.
葛明 《催化学报》2014,35(8):1410-1417
采用简易离子交换法制备可见光驱动Ag3PO4光催化剂.通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、N2吸附-脱附、紫外-可见漫反射光谱及傅里叶变换红外光谱对所制备的Ag3PO4催化剂进行表征.结果表明,在可见光照射下,Ag3PO4催化剂对罗丹明B降解表现出优越的光催化活性,但对甲基橙的降解活性低,这归因于Ag3PO4催化剂对甲基橙分子吸附量低.可见光照Ag3PO4反应体系中,空穴和超氧自由基共同发挥作用导致罗丹明B和甲基橙光催化降解.在罗丹明B的协助作用下,Ag3PO4催化剂对甲基橙的可见光催化降解活性大大增强,这是由于罗丹明B的存在可产生更多的超氧自由基,从而使甲基橙进一步降解.  相似文献   

10.
通过机械活化将快离子导体Li3 V2(PO4)3包覆在LiFePO4 表面, 制备了性能优异的复合正极材料9LiFePO4@Li3 V2(PO4)3. 用XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDS和电化学测试等手段研究了材料的物理化学性能. 结果表明, 包覆后的材料含有橄榄石结构的LiFePO4、单斜晶系的Li3 V2(PO4)3 和正交晶系的Li3 PO4; LiFePO4颗粒表面包覆了一层Li3 V2(PO4)3, 且部分V3+进入LiFePO4晶格内部, 使其晶格参数减小, 包覆后的LiFePO4的交换电流密度和锂离子扩散系数均提高了1个数量级. 电化学测试结果表明, 包覆后的LiFePO4的倍率性能及循环性能都得到显著改善, 在1C和2C倍率下, 包覆后的LiFePO4的首次放电比容量较包覆前分别提高了34.09%和78.97%, 经150次循环后容量保持率分别提高了27.77%和65.54%; 并且5C时容量为121.379 mA·h/g(包覆前LiFePO4在5C下几乎没有容量), 循环350次后的容量保持率高达94.03%.  相似文献   

11.
Li1.3Zr1.7Al0.3(PO4)3的离子交换特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
锂作为21世纪推动科学技术发展的重要元素之一,被誉为“工业味精”、“能源之星”。目前锂及其相关盐类材料已成为信息产业、核能源、航空航天技术、新型材料及军事科技等行业重点开发领域,具有极高科学价值和广阔商业前景[1 ̄4]。氯化锂是电解制金属锂的主要原料,它的纯度是电  相似文献   

12.
A Na3V2(PO4)3 sample coated uniformly with a layer of 6 nm carbon has been successfully synthesized by a one-step solid state reaction. This material shows two flat voltage plateaus at 3.4 V vs. Na+/Na and 1.63 V vs. Na+/Na in a nonaqueous sodium cell. When the Na3V2(PO4)3/C sample is tested as a cathode in a voltage range of 2.7-3.8 V vs. Na+/Na, its initial charge and discharge capacities are 98.6 and 93 mAh/g. The capacity retention of 99% can be achieved after 10 cycles. The electrode shows good cycle performance and moderate rate performance. When it is tested as an anode in a voltage range of 1.0-3.0 V vs. Na+/Na, the initial reversible capacity is 66.3 mAh/g and the capacity of 59 mAh/g can be maintained after 50 cycles. These preliminary results indicate that Na3V2(PO4)3/C is a new promising material for sodium ion batteries.  相似文献   

13.
Comparison of the electrochemical insertion of lithium into ATi2(PS4)3 with A = Li, Na, Ag and ATi2(PO4)3 with Li, Ag is striking. Whereas only four lithium per formula unit (Li/f.u.) can be inserted reversibly into the phosphates, up to 7 and 10 Li/f.u. can be inserted reversibly in the thiophosphates with A = Li and Ag. Moreover, the Ag+ to Ag0 reduction in AgTi2(PO4)3 is not reversible, but in AgTi2(PS4)3 it is reversible. Strong hybridization of the Ag-5s and host antibonding bands stabilizes the formal valences Ag0, Ti+, and (PS4)4− in the discharged state of AgTi2(PS4)3; but only the formal valence Ti2+ is accessible in LiTi2(PS4)3. Unfortunately the large volume change associated with the lithium insertion renders the structure progressively more amorphous on cycling, which causes the capacity to fade quite dramatically on further cycling. The thiophosphates transform to the phosphates on heating in air.  相似文献   

14.
The exchange of the Li+(1), Na+(2) and K+(3) alkaline cations in the layered HNi(PO4)·H2O was carried out starting from a methanolic solution containing the Li(OH)·H2O hydroxide for (1) and the M(OH) (M=Na and K) hydroxides together with the (C6H13NH2)0.75HNiPO4·H2O phases for (2) and (3). The compounds are stable until, approximately, 280 °C for (1) and 400 °C for phases (2) and (3), respectively. The IR spectra show the bands belonging to the water molecule and the (PO4)3− oxoanion. The diffuse reflectance spectra indicate the existence of Ni(II), d8, cations in slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The calculated Dq and Racah (B and C) parameters have a mean value of Dq=765, B=905 and , respectively, in accordance with the values obtained habitually for this octahedral Ni(II) cation. The study of the exchange process performed by X-ray powder diffraction indicates that the exchange of the Li+ cation in the lamellar HNi(PO4)·H2O phase is the minor rapid reaction, whereas the exchange of the Na+ and K+ cations needs the presence of the intermediate (C6H13NH2)0.75HNiPO4·H2O intercalate in order to obtain the required product with the sodium and potassium ions. The Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images show a mean size of particle of 5 μm. The Li+ exchanged compound exhibits small ionic conductivity (Ω cm−1 is in the 10−8-10−9 range) probably restrained by the methanol solvent. Magnetic measurements carried out from 5 K to room temperature indicate antiferromagnetic coupling as the major interaction in the three phases. Notwithstanding the Li and K phases show a weak ferromagnetism at low temperatures.  相似文献   

15.
Single crystals of NaY(PO3)4 and Ag0.07Na0.93Y(PO3)4 have been synthesized by flux method. These new compounds turned out to be isostructural to NaLn(PO3)4, with Ln=La, Nd, Gd and Er [monoclinic, P21/n, a=7.1615(2) Å, b=13.0077(1) Å, c=9.7032 (3) Å, β=90.55 (1)°, V=903.86(14) Å3 and Z=4]. The structure is based upon long polyphosphate chains running along the shortest unit-cell direction and made up of PO4 tetrahedra sharing two corners, linked to yttrium and sodium polyhedra. Infrared and Raman spectra at room temperature confirms this atomic arrangement. The luminescence of silver ions was reported in metaphosphate of composition Ag0.07Na0.93Y(PO3)4. One luminescent centre was detected and assigned to single Ag+ ions.  相似文献   

16.
Several compounds of the (Na1−xLix)CdIn2(PO4)3 solid solution were synthesized by a solid-state reaction in air, and pure alluaudite-like compounds were obtained for x=0.00, 0.25, and 0.50. X-ray Rietveld refinements indicate the occurrence of Cd2+ in the M(1) site, and of In3+ in the M(2) site of the alluaudite structure. This non-disordered cationic distribution is confirmed by the sharpness of the infrared absorption bands. The distribution of Na+ and Li+ on the A(1) and A(2)′ crystallographic sites cannot be accurately assessed by the Rietvled method, probably because the electronic densities involved in the Na+→Li+ substitution are very small. A comparison with the synthetic alluaudite-like compounds, (Na1−xLix)MnFe2(PO4)3, indicates the influence of the cations occupying the M(1) and M(2) sites on the coordination polyhedra morphologies of the A(1) and A(2)′ crystallographic sites.  相似文献   

17.
Dark brown single crystals of [Ag(NH3)2]Ag(OsO3N)2 were obtained from the reaction of Ag2CO3, OsO4, and NH3 in aqueous solution. The crystal structure was solved in the monoclinic space group C2/m, with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=1962.5(3), b=633.1(1), c=812.6(1) pm, β=96.71(1)°. The final reliability factor was R=0.0256 for 1034 reflections with I>2σ(I). Linear [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions are present oriented perpendicular to the [010] direction, leading to short Ag+-Ag+ distances of 316 pm. A second type of Ag+ ions in the crystal structure present coordination number “6+1” and are surrounded by oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the nitridoosmate groups. Within the first of the two crystallographically distinguishable anions one can clearly differentiate between oxygen and nitrogen atoms while the second one exhibits a N/O disorder over two positions. The infrared spectrum of [Ag(NH3)2]Ag(OsO3N)2 shows the typical absorptions which can be attributed to the complex anions and the NH3 ligands.  相似文献   

18.
Aqueous Na‐ or K‐ion batteries could virtually eliminate the safety and cost concerns raised from Li‐ion batteries, but their widespread applications have generally suffered from narrow electrochemical potential window (ca. 1.23 V) of aqueous electrolytes that leads to low energy density. Herein, by exploring optimized eutectic systems of Na and K salts with asymmetric imide anions, we discovered, for the first time, room‐temperature hydrate melts for Na and K systems, which are the second and third alkali metal hydrate melts reported since the first discovery of Li hydrate melt by our group in 2016. The newly discovered Na‐ and K‐ hydrate melts could significantly extend the potential window up to 2.7 and 2.5 V (at Pt electrode), respectively, owing to the merit that almost all water molecules participate in the Na+ or K+ hydration shells. As a proof‐of‐concept, a prototype Na3V2(PO4)2F3|NaTi2(PO4)3 aqueous Na‐ion full‐cell with the Na‐hydrate‐melt electrolyte delivers an average discharge voltage of 1.75 V, that is among the highest value ever reported for all aqueous Na‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

19.
分别以LiMn_2O_4,NaTi_2(PO_4)_3为正负极,1 mol·L~(-1) Li_2SO_4和0.5 mol·L~(-1) Na_2SO_4的混合水溶液为电解液组装成一种水系混合离子全电池。分别将正负极材料在3种不同水相电解液(1 mol·L~(-1) Li_2SO_4、0.5 mol·L~(-1)Na_2SO_4以及1 mol·L~(-1) Li_2SO_4+0.5 mol·L~(-1)Na_2SO_4混合电解液)中进行循环伏安和恒流充放电测试,结果发现,LiMn_2O_4在上述电解液中仅有Li~+的脱出/嵌入而Na~+由于半径较大而不参与该过程,NaTi_2(PO_4)_3在3种电解液中Li+、Na+均参与嵌入/脱嵌过程,且Li~+和Na~+的嵌入/脱出峰电位相差不大,分别为-0.82和-0.64 V,-0.95和-0.75 V;全电池在265 mA·g~(-1)电流密度下平均放电电压为1.55 V,充放电比容量分别为100.1和74.9 m Ah·g~(-1)。  相似文献   

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