聚丙烯微孔膜的等离子体改性及DNA原位合成

以H2和N2混合气体等离子体处理了聚丙烯微孔膜，采用扫描电镜观察了处理前 后膜的形貌变化；真空全反射红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱证实在其表面接枝了大 量活性氨基；用荣外光谱定量计算得知，所接枝的氨基浓度大约为0.5umol/cm^2该 改性膜可直接用于DNA的原位合成，其合成的DNA探针密度远高于功能化玻璃片基的 探针密度，并可得到98％以上的偶联效率．     

活版印刷技术原位合成DNA微阵列

研究了一种基于活版印刷原理的中低密度基因芯片原位合成新方法, 该方法完全避免了掩模制备过程, 合成速度快、制备成本低、便于批量生产, 有望满足人们日益增长的对批量基因信息进行快速、低成本检测与分析的要求. 对活版印刷法寡核苷酸原位合成原理、合成工艺进行了详细探讨, 设计加工了一套手动压印微阵列的合成装置, 并对自驱动单体溶液微通道纤维管进行了筛选. 应用该方法在连接有手臂分子的载玻片上, 分别合成了4条探针、16和160个位点的寡核苷酸微阵列, 通过与互补的靶序列杂交和荧光分析, 微阵列上相同寡核苷酸探针的位点荧光强度均匀, 表明其寡核苷酸探针分布均匀; 错配分析还表明得到的寡核苷酸微阵列能实现单个碱基错配的检测.     

等离子体改性聚丙烯纤维表面的XPS研究

用等离子体技术处理了聚丙烯纤维表面．用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）研究了聚合物表面的元素组成、相对含量的变化、表面官能团的类型．采用曲线拟合分峰技术对谱图进行数学处理，结果表明：尽管处理气氛不同，聚丙烯纤维表面除含有Ｃ—Ｈ和Ｃ＝Ｃ键外，还引入了Ｏ、Ｎ元素．形成活性基团：－ＯＨ、＞Ｃ＝Ｏ、－ＣＯＯＨ、－ＮＨ２和－ＣＯＮＨ２等，提高了聚合物表面活性。     

等离子体引发聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯共聚物的合成及性能

将等离子体接枝技术用于聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯共聚物的合成。ＦＴ－ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ及ＸＰＳ证明所得产物为接枝共聚物。研究了不同等离子体处理体系压强，处理功率，反应瓶不同直径体积，不同接枝聚合反应时间，温度对接枝率的影响。     

碳酸钙的原位合成及表面改性

利用碳化法, 选用几种常见的改性剂(硬脂酸钠、十八碳醇磷酸酯和油酸)对碳酸钙进行了原位合成及表面改性. 通过活化度、白度、接触角的测定, 对比了其改性效果, 同时通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等测试手段对产品进行表征. FT-IR结果表明, 改性剂与碳酸钙表面是以化学键合和物理吸附方式相结合. 碳酸钙改性后, 其红外υ3特征吸收峰出现约44 cm-1的蓝移现象. 对反应机理进行了初步探讨. 实验结果表明, 当十八碳醇磷酸酯用量达到2%(以碳酸钙的质量分数计)时, 产品活化度达到99.9%, 白度值达到97.3%, 接触角达到了122.25°, 从而为新型无机填料的制备提供了理论依据和合成手段.     

等离子体引发聚丙烯接技苯乙烯共聚物的合成及性能

将等离子体接枝技术用于聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯共聚物的合成．ＦＴ ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ及ＸＰＳ证明所得产物为接枝共聚物．研究了不同等离子体处理体系压强、处理功率，反应瓶不同直径、体积，不同接枝聚合反应时间、温度对接枝率的影响．利用接枝共聚物制备了硫酸钠型离子交换膜，并对其电性能进行了初步探讨．     

壳聚糖改性织物中原位合成银纳米粒子

采用壳聚糖改性棉和涤纶织物,通过织物表面的壳聚糖原位吸附、还原银离子制备了纳米银抗菌织物.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDA)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和反射光谱等对纳米银织物进行了表征,研究了银离子浓度和壳聚糖浓度对纳米银织物的影响,并检测了纳米银织物的抗菌性能.结果表明,在无需任何还原剂的条件下,壳聚糖改性的棉和涤纶织物表面可以均匀地形成银纳米粒子,晶粒大小为5~10 nm,所制备的纳米银织物均具有优异的抗菌性能.     

原位固相接枝改性碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的制备

用马来酸酐（MAH）在碳酸钙（CaCO3）表面引入双键,通过原位固相接枝法将聚丙烯蜡（PPW）化学键合在CaCO3表面,制得3种接枝率的CaCO3-MAH-PPW。 将这3种改性CaCO3填充聚丙烯（PP）制备复合材料,研究了PP/CaCO3界面作用对复合材料强度的影响。 结果表明,CaCO3表面经PPW接枝改性后在PP中的分散性提高,与PP相容性变好;随着改性CaCO3表面PPW接枝率的提高,CaCO3与PP之间界面作用逐渐增强。 当PPW接枝率为4.48 mg PPW/g CaCO3时,CaCO3与PP之间的界面作用最强,复合材料拉伸强度下降最小,杨氏模量提升最大,当m(PP)∶m(CaCO3)=100∶50时,杨氏模量达0.86 GPa,是纯PP的1.63倍;而PPW化学接枝率为2.49 mg PPW/g CaCO3时,CaCO3与PP之间的界面作用适中,复合材料缺口冲击强度提升最大,且当m(PP)∶m(CaCO3)=100∶10时,缺口冲击强度达3.91 kJ/m2,是纯PP的1.35倍。     

微孔尼龙-6膜的催化水解改性和DNA芯片的原位合成

基因芯片常用的载体有玻璃片、硅片、聚丙烯膜、硝酸纤维膜和尼龙膜等[1～ 4 ] .其中有机高分子膜载体由于自身荧光背景较强 ,寡核苷酸探针或 c DNA片段通常用点样法固定 ,并以同位素标记的靶基因与其杂交 ,用放射显影进行检测 ,探针密度不高且损害人体健康 .生物分子纳米标记和时间分辨荧光等检测技术可以非常有效地克服载体荧光背景[5,6 ] .因此 ,若将高分子材料进行改性 ,使其表面带有羟基、氨基和巯基等活性基团并应用于 DNA的原位合成 ,再结合新开发的生物分子标记和检测方法 ,将拓展生物芯片基材选择范围 ,并开发出新的生物芯片制…     

原位合成分子筛气-液改性毛细管柱的制备与评价

 用原位合成方法成功地制备了一类新型NaA分子筛毛细管柱 ,与传统柱型相比 ,原位合成柱的分子筛层更加均匀与致密、分离效果更佳。在此柱上涂敷不同极性的固定液制备了一类新型气 液分子筛改性SCOT柱 ,测试表明该柱型分离效果较佳、热稳定性好 ,其中超短柱及大口径柱的成功应用更显示该柱型具有很高的实际应用价值 ,值得推广。     

聚四氟乙烯片基上寡核苷酸原位的合成及金标银染检测

Poly（tetrafluoroethylene） （PTFE） was treated with plasma in a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen （1 ： 2 in volume）. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） demonstrated the success of amino group grafting. The as-treated PTFE slices were successively applied to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides. With the detection of gold-label-silver-stain, the hybridization signals were recorded with a gel document and analysis system. A target DNA concentration as low as 10 pmol/L could be detected. The complementary and mismatched sequences were distinguished clearly, and the ratio of background-subtracted gray scale values for perfect match ： 1 base mismatch ： 2 base mismatch ： 3 base mismatch was 72 ： 44.4 ： 22.5 ： 11.4. The sensitivity of in situ synthesis system was 1 order of magnitude higher than that of spotting system, and the signal of the former was about 1.5 times stronger than that of the latter under the same target DNA concentration. These plasma modified PTFE slices might open novel prospects for the in situ synthesis of DNA micro-arrays.     

In situ Synthesis of Oligonucleotides on Plasma Treated Polypropylene Microporous Membrane

Polypropylene microporous membranes were treated with plasma in a mixture of N2 and H2 (1:2 in volume). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra-violet (UV) spectra demonstrated the success of grafting amino groups. The density of the polar amino groups on the membrane surface is about 0.59 μmol/cm^2. The as-treated membranes were successively applied to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides and an average coupling yield was more than 98%. The surface feature of the treated membrane is suggested to be responsible for its advantage over a glass slide.     

Investigations on the Stability of Plasma Modified Silicone Surfaces

In this work it was investigated the effect of the exposure to different plasmas on the wettability of silicone samples. We have observed that oxygen. argon, and hydrogen glow discharges are quite effective in reducing the water contact angle of such polymer. However, indifferently to efficiency of the treatment, practically all the modified surfaces recovered great part of their original hydrophobicity. We have investigated this hydrophobic recovery using surface energy measurements and theoretical simulations based on the exponential decay of the population of polar groups on the surface. According to our results such recovery can be attributed to the decrease of polar species at the interface water–polymer surface.     

聚丙烯微孔膜表面的空气等离子体处理

采用空气等离子体对聚丙烯微孔膜进行了处理，膜表面带有了氧元素，表面亲水性增强。微孔膜外表面改性程度较高，而孔内愈往深处改性程度愈弱。空气等离子体处理过的微孔膜力学性能下降。     

原生态聚丙烯等离子体处理接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯

将等离子体接枝技术，用于原生态聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成。ＦＴ－ＩＲ证明所得产物为接枝共聚物，研究了不同等离子体处理功率、时间，不同接枝聚合反应时间、温度对接枝的影响，以及稀释剂、聚丙烯粒度对接枝的影响。结果表明，接枝过程中有自动加速现象，稀释剂亦使接枝有加速效应。接枝过程为扩散控制过程。     

In situ Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Arrays on Surfaces Coated with Crosslinked Polymer Multilayers

We report an approach to the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays on surfaces coated with crosslinked polymer multilayers. Our approach makes use of methods for the 'reactive' layer-by-layer assembly of thin, amine-reactive multilayers using branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4'-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA). Post-fabrication treatment of film-coated glass substrates with d-glucamine or 4-amino-1-butanol yielded hydroxyl-functionalized films suitable for the Maskless Array Synthesis (MAS) of oligonucleotide arrays. Glucamine-functionalized films yielded arrays of oligonucleotides with fluorescence intensities and signal-to-noise ratios (after hybridization with fluorescently labeled complementary strands) comparable to those of arrays fabricated on conventional silanized glass substrates. These arrays could be exposed to multiple hybridization-dehybridization cycles with only moderate loss of hybridization density. The versatility of the layer-by-layer approach also permitted synthesis directly on thin sheets of film-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to yield flexible oligonucleotide arrays that could be readily manipulated (e.g., bent) and cut into smaller arrays. To our knowledge, this work presents the first use of polymer multilayers as a substrate for the multi-step synthesis of complex molecules. Our results demonstrate that these films are robust and able to withstand the ~450 individual chemical processing steps associated with MAS (as well as manipulations required to hybridize, image, and dehybridize the arrays) without large-scale cracking, peeling, or delamination of the thin films. The combination of layer-by-layer assembly and MAS provides a means of fabricating functional oligonucleotide arrays on a range of different materials and substrates. This approach may also prove useful for the fabrication of supports for the solid-phase synthesis and screening of other macromolecular or small-molecule agents.     

原生态聚丙烯等离子处理接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯

将等离子体接枝技术，用于原生态聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成，ＦＴ－ＩＲ证明所得产物为接枝共聚物，研究了不同等离子体处理功率，时间，不同接枝聚合反应时间，温度对接枝的影响，以及稀释剂、聚丙烯粒度对接枝的影响，结果表明，接枝过程中有自动加速现象，稀释剂亦使接枝有加速效应，接枝过程为扩散控制过程。     

Characterization of Polypropylene Surface Treated in a CO2 Plasma

The polypropylene modification in CO₂ plasma mainly contributes to degradation, functionalization, and cross-linking. The degradation, whose rate is depending on CO₂ dissociation and oxygen atom formation, is a quite slow reaction and it is associated with surface topography alteration, especially of the amorphous phase of the polypropylene. The surface roughness increases with the treatment duration and the amorphous phase is more degraded than the crystallized part. The functionalization, corresponding to an increase of the surface energy (57.3 mJ m ^{– 2} in 30 s), and to an oxidation (23 oxygen at.%) with the appearance of alcohol, ketone, and acid functions is a much faster phenomenon. Cross-linking takes also place during this type of treatment and will reinforce the stability of the modified surface.