基于改进CLAHE的SF_6红外图像增强

针对六氟化硫(SF_6)红外图像对比度低、纹理细节模糊而难以增强泄漏区域的问题,提出了基于改进限制对比度的自适应直方图均衡化(CLAHE)的SF_6红外图像增强算法。采用双边滤波将原始图像分为基础图像和细节图像;采用CLAHE算法来处理基础图像,提高泄漏区域的对比度;对细节图像进行分段线性变换和拉普拉斯变换图像,以突出图像的边缘;将两幅图像进行线性叠加以获取最终的红外图像,实现图像增强。实验结果表明,算法对SF_6红外图像泄漏区域的增强效果优于常见的几种红外图像增强算法,不仅有效地抑制了噪声和提高泄漏区域的对比度,而且突出泄漏区域的边缘,丰富了细节信息。     

基于二次引导滤波的红外图像增强算法及其FPGA实现

针对红外图像细节模糊、对比度低等问题，提出了一种基于二次引导滤波的红外图像增强算法。首先，将原始红外图像作为引导图像，使用引导滤波提取出红外图像的细节信息；其次，将得到的细节信息再进行一次引导滤波处理提取出噪声更低的细节信息；最后，将原始红外图像和两部分的细节信息进行加权求和，实现红外图像增强。该算法能够提高红外图像对比度，增强红外图像细节信息。实验结果表明：相比于其他增强算法，本文算法增强之后的红外图像平均对比度提高了123%～246%，平均梯度提升了56%～101%，视觉效果获得明显改善，更能突显细节特征。基于可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)实现该算法时，占用资源低，处理640×512像素分辨率的单帧红外图像所需时间可达10.12 ms，能满足红外探测系统的实时性要求，具有一定的实用价值。     

对一种新的基于局部标准差的自适应对比度增强算法的评价

介绍一种基于图像局部标准差变换的自适应增强算法通过将图像的局部标准差映射为高斯函数得到一个非线性对比度增益函数,使图像的细节区域得到较大幅度的增强,同时抑制平滑区域的噪声以及发生于陡峭边缘的“振铃伪迹”(Ringing Artifact)通过不同类型的图像以及对比度-噪声比(Contrast-to-Noise Ratio)演示了算法的性能,并与几种常用的图像增强方法进行了比较结果表明该算法对于低对比度的图像细节具有较好的增强效果,同时能够避免平滑区域噪声的过度增强及陡峭边缘的振铃伪迹.     

基于双树复小波与波原子的图像扩散滤波

图像的非线性扩散滤波来源于热方程的思想,其关键在于计算适当的扩散系数和控制扩散方向. 在已有的扩散模型中,由于扩散系数仅依赖于图像的梯度,因而这类模型容易受噪声的干扰;同时,图像的细节信息(如纹理)容易被误认为是噪声而被去除. 为克服这些不足,首先给出了一种采用双树复小波变换计算扩散系数的方法;然后设计了一种用于图像滤波的非线性扩散模型,最后提出了基于双树复小波变换和波原子阈值相结合的图像滤波算法. 仿真结果表明,所提出的算法在对含噪图像滤波的同时,能够较好地保持图像的边缘和纹理等细节信息. 关键词： 图像扩散滤波 非线性扩散 波原子 双树复小波变换     

基于双域分解的矿井下图像增强算法

为提高矿井下图像的对比度,并同步地抑制图像的雾尘和噪声,提出一种基于双域分解的矿井下图像增强算法.首先,采用双边滤波器将输入图像分解为低频图像和高频图像;其次,采用快速暗原色去雾算法和Gamma变换,实现低频图像的去雾和对比度提高;接着,采用非下采样Shearlet变换和二阶微分算子,实现高频图像降噪和增强;最后,将增强的低频、高频图像合成基础增强图像,并抑制粉尘散射模糊和过曝光白色伪影,得到最终增强图像.实验表明,该方法不仅能有效提高矿井下图像的对比度,还能有效抑制图像的雾气和噪声,具有广泛的应用前景.     

MPPC low-level-light imaging enhancement algorithm based on sub-window box filtering北大核心CSCD

针对多像素光子计数器(MPPC)进行微光成像时,图像受光照不足和噪声影响出现的图像亮度低、对比度差、边缘模糊等问题,提出一种基于子窗口盒式滤波的自适应微光图像处理算法。为了减少算法运行时间的同时突出图像的边缘细节信息,利用子窗口盒式滤波器对图像进行分层得到基础层和细节层;对基础层图像采用自适应阈值直方图均衡化拉伸对比度,细节层图像采用自适应增益控制方式进行增强;根据基础层图像中有效灰度值个数占总灰度的比值自适应确定融合系数,将基础层图像与细节层图像融合得到增强后图像。通过微光实验平台设置3组不同照度的微光环境进行实验仿真,验证了本文算法在保持边缘信息和增强细节方面获得了更好的效果。实验结果表明本文算法在标准差、信息熵、平均梯度等客观评价方面优于改进前算法,提升了微光图像的成像效果。     

一种具有噪声抑制功能的红外图像锐化算法

锐化是图像增强中一项关键性的技术,但如果图像中包含噪声,噪声也会因为锐化而放大,最终导致信噪比的降低.探索了一种算法既可以对图像进行锐化滤波,又不降低图像的信噪比.采用模式识别的相关理论,基于隶属度和概率松弛技术对红外图像中由真实边缘和由各种噪声引起的亮度数值变化进行区分,对不同区域采用不同的锐化处理.该算法不同于传统图像锐化算法只基于局部对比度的缺点,在图像锐化过程中考虑图像边缘和噪声的空间分布的差异,改善了传统边缘增强算法对噪声放大的缺点.实验数据表明,该锐化方法未引起信噪比的降低,具有良好的前景和实用价值.     

基于主特征提取的Retinex多谱段图像增强

根据Retinex视觉模型中照射分量和反射分量的统计特性,融合多尺度主特征提取法、平台直方图算法、非局部均值滤波及局部细节增强算法可对多谱段图像进行有效增强.首先利用多尺度主特征提取法估计照射分量,对照射分量进行平台直方图操作,增强全局对比度及图像主结构边缘细节;然后将原图与照射分量相除获取反射分量,对反射分量进行非局部均值滤波抑制噪声,再进行基于局部方差的局部细节增强;最后将增强后的照射分量与反射分量相乘,即为增强图像.从主观和客观两方面,对X光图像、紫外图像、可见光图像、低照度可见光图像和红外图像实验结果的分析表明,本文算法能够有效地抑制图像噪声、增强图像对比度及细节、改善图像视觉效果,是一种通用有效的多谱段图像增强算法.     

基于二代小波变换的红外图像非线性增强算法

红外图像具有对比度低和信噪比低等特点,实用中必须进行增强处理.将小波分析与模糊逻辑相结合,提出了一种基于二代小波变换的红外图像非线性增强算法.该算法首先利用二代小波变换对图像进行分解,提取图像的多尺度细节特征,然后,根据目标和背景噪声信号的差异,通过模糊非线性增强算子分别对各个分解层的高频子带进行非线性增强来改变目标特征的强度,抑制背景信号,最后利用小波反变换重构图像,以实现图像的对比度增强和背景抑制.与几种常用的图像增强算法实验结果相比,此算法能有效地抑制图像中的背景噪声,增强目标内容信息,取得了较好的增强效果.     

航天遥感相机星上自适应图像增强研究与实验

为了解决航天遥感图像在地面增强处理带来的滞后性和失真性,因此提出了星上自适应图像增强的方法和一种新的基于自适应线性拉伸的拉普拉斯滤波算法,来实现星上图像增强处理的实时性和自适应性;在拉普拉斯滤波的基础上,用自适应调整参数A和B对图像的对比度和边缘进行增强,该算法结构简单,运算量小;最后建立以FPGA为核心的硬件系统平台,采用流水线的处理方式,对该算法进行实验验证;实验结果表明,与其他增强算法相比,文章算法增强的图像目视效果更好,信息熵提高了10.21%,处理一幅图像所需的时间是79.6 ms,满足航天遥感相机星上自适应图像增强实时性的要求,达到了预期效果。     

种基于偏微分方程约束的闪光照相图像重建算法

 针对闪光照相图像信噪比低的特点,提出了一种基于偏微分方程基于非线性PDE的约束的图像重建算法,该算法在重建迭代过程中引入了基于非线性PDE的平滑约束来抑制图像噪声,同时保护图像边缘。数值试验结果表明:相比于Landweber和预优约束共轭梯度（PCCG）重建算法,新算法具有更强的抗噪能力和边缘保护能力,是一种更加有效的闪光照相图像重建算法。     

An adaptive fusion approach for infrared and visible images based on NSCT and compressed sensing

A novel nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) based image fusion approach, implementing an adaptive-Gaussian (AG) fuzzy membership method, compressed sensing (CS) technique, total variation (TV) based gradient descent reconstruction algorithm, is proposed for the fusion computation of infrared and visible images.Compared with wavelet, contourlet, or any other multi-resolution analysis method, NSCT has many evident advantages, such as multi-scale, multi-direction, and translation invariance. As is known, a fuzzy set is characterized by its membership function (MF), while the commonly known Gaussian fuzzy membership degree can be introduced to establish an adaptive control of the fusion processing. The compressed sensing technique can sparsely sample the image information in a certain sampling rate, and the sparse signal can be recovered by solving a convex problem employing gradient descent based iterative algorithm(s).In the proposed fusion process, the pre-enhanced infrared image and the visible image are decomposed into low-frequency subbands and high-frequency subbands, respectively, via the NSCT method as a first step. The low-frequency coefficients are fused using the adaptive regional average energy rule; the highest-frequency coefficients are fused using the maximum absolute selection rule; the other high-frequency coefficients are sparsely sampled, fused using the adaptive-Gaussian regional standard deviation rule, and then recovered by employing the total variation based gradient descent recovery algorithm.Experimental results and human visual perception illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed fusion approach. The efficiency and robustness are also analyzed and discussed through different evaluation methods, such as the standard deviation, Shannon entropy, root-mean-square error, mutual information and edge-based similarity index.     

An improved POCS super-resolution infrared image reconstruction algorithm based on visual mechanism

The traditional projection onto convex sets (POCS) super-resolution (SR) reconstruction algorithm can only get reconstructed images with poor contrast, low signal-to-noise ratio and blurring edges. In order to solve the above disadvantages, an improved POCS SR infrared image reconstruction algorithm based on visual mechanism is proposed, which introduces data consistency constraint with variable correction thresholds to highlight the target edges and filter out background noises; further, the algorithm introduces contrast constraint considering the resolving ability of human eyes into the traditional algorithm, enhancing the contrast of the image reconstructed adaptively. The experimental results show that the improved POCS algorithm can acquire high quality infrared images whose contrast, average gradient and peak signal to noise ratio are improved many times compared with traditional algorithm.     

Enhancement of low-quality reconstructed digital hologram images based on frequency extrapolation of large objects under the diffraction limit

During the reconstruction of a digital hologram, the reconstructed image is usually degraded by speckle noise, which makes it hard to observe the original object pattern. In this paper, a new reconstructed image enhancement method is proposed, which first reduces the speckle noise using an adaptive Gaussian filter, then calculates the high frequencies that belong to the object pattern based on a frequency extrapolation strategy. The proposed frequency extrapolation first calculates the frequency spectrum of the Fourier-filtered image, which is originally reconstructed from the +1 order of the hologram, and then gives the initial parameters for an iterative solution. The analytic iteration is implemented by continuous gradient threshold convergence to estimate the image level and vertical gradient information. The predicted spectrum is acquired through the analytical iteration of the original spectrum and gradient spectrum analysis. Finally, the reconstructed spectrum of the restoration image is acquired from the synthetic correction of the original spectrum using the predicted gradient spectrum. We conducted our experiment very close to the diffraction limit and used low-quality equipment to prove the feasibility of our method. Detailed analysis and figure demonstrations are presented in the paper.     

Total variation based gradient descent algorithm for sparse-view photoacoustic image reconstruction

In photoacoustic imaging (PAI), reconstruction from sparse-view sampling data is a remaining challenge in the cases of fast or real-time imaging. In this paper, we present our study on a total variation based gradient descent (TV-GD) algorithm for sparse-view PAI reconstruction. This algorithm involves the total variation (TV) method in compressed sensing (CS) theory. The objective function of the algorithm is modified by adding the TV value of the reconstructed image. With this modification, the reconstructed image could be closer to the real optical energy distribution map. Additionally in the proposed algorithm, the photoacoustic data is processed and the image is updated individually at each detection point. In this way, the calculation with large matrix can be avoided and a more frequent image update can be obtained. Through the numerical simulations, the proposed algorithm is verified and compared with other reconstruction algorithms which have been widely used in PAI. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the image reconstructed by this algorithm is higher than those by the other algorithms. Additionally, the convergence of the algorithm, the robustness to noise and the tunable parameter are further discussed. The TV-based algorithm is also implemented in the in vitro experiment. The better performance of the proposed method is revealed in the experiments results. From the results, it is seen that the TV-GD algorithm may be a practical and efficient algorithm for sparse-view PAI reconstruction.     

基于梯度一致性约束的多光谱/全色影像最大后验融合方法

多光谱/全色影像融合可以得到高空间分辨率的多光谱影像,在影像解译和分类等方面具有十分重要的意义。提出一种基于梯度一致性约束的遥感影像融合方法。该方法在最大后验概率框架下,通过梯度一致性约束建立理想高空间分辨率多光谱影像和全色影像之间的关系,并结合多光谱影像观测模型和Huber-Markov影像先验,构建融合目标函数,最后采用梯度下降法求解得到融合影像。本文方法在目标函数中引入了梯度一致性约束,克服了现有的同类方法受限于波段数量的缺陷,同时在求解中自适应确定每个波段的迭代步长,充分顾及了各波段的光谱特性,从而既确保了融合影像的光谱信息保真度,也提高了融合影像的空间信息融入度。通过IKONOS和WorldView-2影像对该方法进行了验证,并和GS,AIHS和AMBF等融合方法从定性和定量两方面进行了比较分析。实验结果表明,相比于其他方法,该方法可以在更好保持光谱信息的同时增强影像的空间分辨率,具有更广泛的适用范围和更佳的融合效果。     

Reconstruction method of computational ghost imaging based on non-local generalized total variation北大核心CSCD

鬼成像是一种能够透过大雾等恶劣环境的成像技术。针对传统鬼成像重建图像存在噪声较多、图像对比度较低等问题,将非局部广义全变分方法用于鬼成像的图像重建之中,提出基于非局部广义全变分的计算鬼成像重建方法。所提方法构造了一种非局部相关性权重设计梯度算子,将其代入全变分重建算法中,使得重建的图像能有效去除噪声的同时实现细节较好的还原。首先在不同条件下进行仿真模拟,得到所提方法的峰值信噪比相对其他方法提升1 dB左右,且具有更好的主观视觉效果,进而设计并搭建实验平台对算法的有效性进行验证,实验结果证明了所提方法在去除噪声和细节重建等方面的优越性。     

Gaussian mixture model-based gradient field reconstruction for infrared image detail enhancement and denoising

Infrared images are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratio and low contrast. Therefore, the edge details are easily immerged in the background and noise, making it much difficult to achieve infrared image edge detail enhancement and denoising. This article proposes a novel method of Gaussian mixture model-based gradient field reconstruction, which enhances image edge details while suppressing noise. First, by analyzing the gradient histogram of noisy infrared image, Gaussian mixture model is adopted to simulate the distribution of the gradient histogram, and divides the image information into three parts corresponding to faint details, noise and the edges of clear targets, respectively. Then, the piecewise function is constructed based on the characteristics of the image to increase gradients of faint details and suppress gradients of noise. Finally, anisotropic diffusion constraint is added while visualizing enhanced image from the transformed gradient field to further suppress noise. The experimental results show that the method possesses unique advantage of effectively enhancing infrared image edge details and suppressing noise as well, compared with the existing methods. In addition, it can be used to effectively enhance other types of images such as the visible and medical images.     

多算法融合的自适应图像增强方法

提出一种多算法融合的图像增强方法,用于工程应用中的复杂降质图像的细节特征恢复.该方法汲取了Laplacian变换法、Sobel梯度法、盒状滤波法、非锐化掩蔽法及灰度幂律法等算法的优点,可对模糊图像进行自适应增强.通过拉普拉斯滤波器和梯度滤波器将原始图像分为基础层、细节层及边缘特征层;对微小细节信息及边缘特征信息进行增强,对基础信息进行压缩;然后采用盒装滤波器对图像的三个分层进行平滑过度及噪音过滤,最后使用非锐化掩蔽法和灰度变换来增加图像灰度的动态范围,从而得到增强后的图像.在相同的工况下,该方法分别与直方图均衡法、自适应伽马矫正法及小波变换的图像增强法实验结果进行对比,结果表明,该方法将图像的清晰度提高了13.1%~126.1%,能有效地处理复杂型感染的图像,避免图像过度增强,可以获得适合人眼的最佳视觉细节内容的增强效果.     

Adaptive nonlinear neuro-controller with an integrated evaluation algorithm for nonlinear active noise systems

An adaptive nonlinear neuro-controller with an integrated evaluation algorithm for nonlinear active noise control systems is proposed to attenuate the nonlinear and non-Gaussian noises. Inspired by the structure of the Hammerstein or Wiener model, the proposed controller is realized by the static nonlinear memory function mapping on the basis of a single neuron. A generalized filtered-X gradient descent algorithm based on an integrated evaluation criterion is developed to adaptively adjust the weights of the controller, where the weighted sum of Renyi's quadratic error entropy and the mean square error is applied as the integrated performance index, which improves the performance of the adaptive algorithm by introducing the information entropy. In addition, the convergence of the proposed approach is analyzed, and the computational complexity among different methods is investigated. The proposed scheme can effectively attenuate the nonlinear and non-Gaussian noises and has a relative simple structure and less learning parameters. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for attenuating the nonlinear and non-Gaussian noises.