多光束非定域干涉反射光强分布

研究了多光束非定域干涉现象,得到了多光束非定域干涉的反射光强分布函数.数值计算结果表明:随着镜面反射系数的增加,多光束非定域干涉条纹半值宽度降低,条纹变得更加锐细,光谱分辨率提高;当镜面反射率较高时,除了暗条纹外,在低干涉级次处紧邻暗条纹还有很窄的亮条纹存在;亮条纹振幅逐渐衰减至背景光强度,干涉级次越低亮条纹振荡越明显;第一束反射光提供了一个均匀的背景,第二束反射光的加入产生了双光束干涉,干涉条纹较粗,对比度较低,更多光束的加入使干涉暗条纹变得锐细,在相邻暗条纹间出现了明暗相间的低强度明暗条纹;足够多光束的加入使相邻暗条纹间低强度变化的明暗条纹消失,同时在紧邻暗条纹处出现了振幅振荡衰减的亮条纹.最后,将多光束非定域干涉理论应用于光学滤波器的研究,结果表明:提高镜面反射率,可以显著降低多光束非定域干涉的滤波带宽;改变镜面间距,可以灵活调整多光束干涉仪滤波波长和相消波长间距.     

对物体沿散斑片纵向移动二次曝光全息干涉条纹的诠释

从光学几何关系出发,推导了在平行光照明、物体沿散斑片纵向方向微小移动情况下的一种全息干涉条纹的解释方法.该方法可以根据任一瞬间的条纹间距测量物体的位移,并适用于实时全息监测的定量分析,对全息干涉计量术提供有效的条纹解释方法和物体位移的计算方法.     

低频声表面波对细激光束的衍射效应

对于频率为几十赫兹的液体表面声波,实验上观察到反射光所形成的稳定、清晰的激光干涉图样.改变表面声波振幅,进一步发现了干涉图样的调制效应.调制效应明显地表现为干涉条纹的缺级,并且随表面声波振幅变化.依据波动光学原理,分析了调制作用下光束干涉所产生的光强解析分布及条纹特征,得到了干涉条纹角宽度与表面声波之间的解析关系,并据此对表面声波的特性参量波长和振幅及各级条纹相对光强分布规律进行了测定.     

一种测试小分子迁移的新方法

针对高聚物材料中小分子的迁移现象,结合数字图像处理技术,提出了一种基于钠光和斐索等厚原理的光学干涉法.介绍了系统测试原理,针对光学系统的设计作了详细的分析与计算;通过实验测试,设计的光学系统能够采集到清晰的干涉条纹,且满足测试精度要求,由条纹间距随时间的变化测出了丙酮和乙醇小分子迁移时高聚物折射率的变化规律为:丙酮小分...     

干涉亮条纹强度的不均匀分布

建立了低频液体表面声波的激光干涉测量系统,实验上不仅得到了清晰、稳定的干涉条纹,而且首次发现干涉条纹的强度分布具有空间不均匀性,干涉条纹被限定在一定的空间区域内,中心干涉条纹强度最小,向两边强度逐渐增大,在两边界位置达到极大.根据波动光学原理,得到了干涉条纹分布的解析表达式,并给出了低频表面波振幅、波长与干涉条纹空间限度、干涉条纹间距的数学表达式.理论规律与实验结果吻合较好.     

抑制穿过具有倾斜角度的介质探测成像时产生的寄生干涉条纹现象

进行穿透扫描探测实验时,在回波图像中发现了由于介质具有倾斜角度产生的周期性干涉条纹,这种干涉条纹对介质后或者介质中的目标成像有严重影响.研究表明,这种干涉条纹主要由介质表面反射波及透射后的层面反射波引起.文中建立点源辐射模型分析干涉条纹现象的形成机理,推导出薄层介质的干涉条纹间距表达式.考虑到天线的影响,建立了角锥喇叭天线近场模型,并且基于该模型进行精确的电磁仿真.商用软件Computer SimulationTechnology的电磁仿真结果与MATLAB程序的数字计算结果进一步验证了干涉条纹的成因分析及其与介质倾斜角度的关系.从推导的薄层介质干涉条纹间距表达式可以看出,干涉条纹间距与介质倾斜角度有关,控制影响条纹间距的因素,可以抑制干涉条纹现象,从而达到提高目标分辨率和成像质量的效果.     

静态傅里叶变换光谱仪的机理及干涉条纹的校正

针对高速、瞬时光谱测量要求光谱仪的结构简单、装备方便、实时性强的特点,文章介绍了一种静态傅里叶变换光谱仪,并对其原理进行了推导与剖析。针对其调整中出现的干涉条纹的倾斜校正问题,进行了详细的理论分析和干涉条纹模型的数学推导,得出倾斜镜旋转参数和光学元件最小通光口径之间的数学关系,以及倾斜镜旋转参数和干涉条纹旋转参数之间的数学关系。通过利用Matlab7.0数学工具,对所总结推导的干涉条纹模型进行模拟,对所得的各种参数之间的数学关系进行验证。分析结果表明据此数学关系所求得的β角校正精度达到1.4%,是一种有效可行的校正方法。     

杨氏干涉实验的散斑法

一、引言杨氏干涉实验,是光学的基本实验之一。杨氏实验表明,在零程差附近的干涉图样的包络反映了空间相干性效应,而在大程差处包络的逐渐消失则反映了时间相干性效应。以往的杨氏实验,总有某些不足之处:例如仅用一对双孔,产生的干扰条纹亮度很低,不易观察;条纹按余弦分布,明暗条纹间的距离难以测准;杨氏孔的大小不好控制,加工小孔很麻     

激光在湍流大气中的干涉仿真

通过研究激光在湍流大气中的传输情况，旨在为光学高分辨率干涉成像提供理论依据。采用相位屏的近似处理方法对激光通过大气湍流传输进行模拟，研究激光通过湍流大气的干涉情况。试验结果表明：孔径间距越大，干涉条纹越密；在传输距离为2km，大气湍流折射率结构常数C2n为10-14，即接近强湍流的情况下，可以形成比较好的干涉条纹。孔径间距较小时，干涉的明暗条纹清晰可见。在实际干涉成像中，可以选择适当的孔径间距来获得较好的干涉条纹，从而获得目标的高分辨率像。     

基于激光微加工的新型光纤法布里-珀罗折射率传感器

提出了一种新型的光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)折射率传感器,该传感器由单模光纤头端面和靠近该端面的由157 nm激光加工而成的短空气腔构成.短空气腔两个端面的反射光和光纤头端面的反射光发生干涉形成了传感器的反射谱干涉条纹.干涉条纹的对比度受光纤头端面外部的折射率影响,在干涉条纹包络的波谷处具有最大的对比度,外部待测折射率可通过计算该处的对比度得到.传感器对温度不敏感同,测量范围广.在1.33至1.441范围内,折射率灵敏度约为27 dB,分辨率约为1.12X10-4;在1.45～1.62范围内.折射率灵敏度约为24 dB,分辨率约为1.26×10-4.     

多光束非定域干涉透射光强分布

研究了多光束非定域干涉现象,得到了多光束非定域干涉的透射光强分布函数。理论研究结果表明,干涉圆环中心位置光强与定域干涉结果一致。对得到的多光束非定域干涉透射光强分布函数进行了数值分析,分析结果表明随着镜面反射系数的增加,非定域干涉条纹变得更加锐细,光谱分辨率提高,同时在低干涉级次处出现了噪声,并且反射系数越高,噪声越明显。在镜面间距不变的情况下,通过改变观察屏位置,对透射光强分布进行数值分析,结果表明干涉级次与干涉圆环倾角的余弦值存在线性关系,通过求斜率可以得到镜面间距。保持观察屏位置不变,通过改变镜面间距,数值分析结果表明干涉级次与干涉圆环半径平方存在线性关系,并且直线斜率与镜面间距也存在线性关系。     

The development of an optical Doppler technique for measuring flow velocities

For a generalized scheme of LDV, the expressions describing the light intensity distribution in a photo-receiver plane with regard to the size of the scattering particles have been calculated using Fourier optics.The LDV signal should be considered as a narrow-band stochastic process representing the sum of random phase radio frequency pulses arising from each light scattering particle. Then the expected error of the mean velocity measurement is equal to half the reciprocal of the number of interference fringes squared and the input signal-to-noise ratio is equal to the square root of the product of Doppler frequency, fringe number and averaging time.The device developed by the authors includes d.c. optical signal compensation. The device is described and the results of its use are given.     

A five-point stencil based algorithm used for phase shifting low-coherence interference microscopy

The phase shifting technique is the most widely used approach for detecting the envelope in low coherence interferometry. However, if the phase shifts calibration contains errors, some parasitic fringe structure will propagate into the calculated envelopes and cause imprecision in the envelope peak detection. To tackle these problems, a five-point stencil algorithm is introduced into the phase shifting interference microscopy. Considering the amount of parasitic fringes, envelope peak detection and computational efficiency, the presented approach leads to satisfactory results in performance. In combination with a simple polynomial curve fitting method the proposed algorithm exhibits good performance on envelope peak detection in surface profiling. Both of the simulated results and the experimental results indicated that the presented approach can be taken as an alternative to the currently existing methods used for phase shifting low-coherence interference microscopy.     

Spacing and width of Coulomb blockade peaks in a silicon quantum dot

We present an experimental study of the fluctuations of Coulomb blockade peak positions of a quantum dot. The dot is defined by patterning the two-dimensional electron gas of a silicon MOSFET structure using stacked gates. The ratio of charging energy to single-particle energy is considerably larger than in comparable GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots. The statistical distribution of the conductance peak spacings in the Coulomb blockade regime was found to be unimodal and does not follow the Wigner surmise. The fluctuations of the spacings are much larger than the typical single-particle level spacing and thus clearly contradict the expectation of random matrix theory. Measurements of the natural line width of a set of several adjacent conductance peaks suggest that all of the peaks in the set are dominated by electrons being transported through a single-broad energy level.     

Propagation properties of Gaussian beams through cat eye optical lens with center shelter

Based on the method of matrix decomposition and expanding the aperture function into a sum of finite complex Gaussian functions, the analytical propagation equations of Gaussian beams through cat eye optical lens with center shelter are derived. Through numerical calculation, the laws governing the variation of the intensity distribution of the cat eye reflected light with the center shelter ratio and the diameter of the detector at the focal plane are given. The results show that the diffraction series and the intensity of the cat eye reflected light depend strongly on the center shelter ratio. As a further extension, it is found that the eye optical lens can be interpreted as a spatial filter, and different filter effect can be obtained by changing the pinhole size.     

制作高质量、大版面体积反射全息图的一些新方法

本文对制作高质量、大版面体积反射全息图提出了一些改进意见，包括用光学双稳装置抑制由于外界扰动造成的干涉条纹的随机漂移，用１／２波片消除木纹噪声，为了提高衍射效率和信噪比，在拍摄参数上进行了选择，并在实验中取得了很好的效果。     

光源功率谱对白光干涉测量的影响

本文从理论上分析了白光干涉测量中光源功率谱宽、包络函数、纵模形状和间隔等与干涉峰宽度、周期间的关系，从而讨论了空间干涉法在保偏光纤参数测量和传感应用中光源功率谱参数对测量分辨率、动态范围等的影响。     

Interference of a four-hole aperture for on-chip quantitative two-dimensional differential phase imaging

We present a novel on-chip method for quantitative two-dimensional differential phase imaging. This technique uses four circular holes (600 nm diameter, 1.2 mum spacing) arranged in a 'plus' pattern that are fabricated in a layer of metal above a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensor. The interference pattern of the aperture shifts position with respect to the differential phase of the incident light. By imaging the interference pattern with the CMOS sensor, this method measures amplitude and differential phase (1 degrees /microm sensitivity for signal-to-noise ratio >/=16 dB) of the incident light field simultaneously. An application to optical beam profiling is presented; we show the amplitude and differential phase profiles of a Gaussian laser beam and an optical vortex.     

激光多普勒测速中散射粒子的大小对信噪比的影响

采用双光束干涉条纹模型,用光散射理论分析了激光多普勒测速中球形散射粒子的大小对散射光信噪比的影响。用数值解法求得了信噪比随散射粒子半径变化的曲线。仅从穿过测控区时光信号的信噪比这一方面考虑,结论是:粒子半径的取值不应大于干涉条纹宽度的0.35倍。     

Methods for producing two-coordinate holographic diffraction gratings

Methods for the preparation of two-coordinate holographic diffraction gratings using a two-, three- and four-beam interferometer are considered. The analytical relationship of the interference fringe intensity distribution in the output aperture of these interferometers is presented. Experimental results are given.