基于纳米铜/石墨烯包覆光子晶体光纤的 硫化氢气体传感性能研究

提出一种基于纳米铜/石墨烯包覆光子晶体光纤的硫化氢传感方法.将两根单模光纤分别与实心光子晶体光纤进行粗锥熔接,形成马赫-曾德干涉结构.先在光子晶体光纤表面包覆石墨烯薄膜,再在石墨烯薄膜的表面沉积纳米铜形成复合敏感薄.当复合敏感薄膜吸附硫化氢气体时,其自身折射率发生改变,导致光子晶体光纤中纤芯与包层的光程差发生变化,干涉波谷发生偏移.建立气体浓度与波长偏移关系,实现硫化氢的低浓度检测.研究表明:该传感器的灵敏度为8.5pm/ppm,检测限为3.85ppm,在硫化氢浓度为0～80ppm范围内呈现良好的线性和选择性,其输出光谱呈现蓝移,响应时间和恢复时间分别约为92s和119s.该传感器成本低、结构简单、制作容易,有望应用于硫化氢气体的探测.     

铜沉积二硫化钨膜包覆薄芯光纤气体传感器的设计与应用

提出了一种基于铜沉积二硫化钨膜包覆薄芯光纤的马赫-曾德尔干涉型气体传感器。将标准单模光纤与薄芯光纤熔接形成纤芯失配型气体传感器,借由外表面沉积铜的二硫化钨敏感膜对硫化氢气体的吸附,将气体的浓度与光谱偏移关联起来,从而达到检测低浓度硫化氢气体的目的。研究表明,该传感器对硫化氢气体的检测灵敏度为29.3pm,且在硫化氢气体体积分数为0~6×10-5的范围内显示出良好的线性关系和选择性。该传感器结构简单、灵敏度高、制备容易,特别适用于硫化氢气体的低浓度在线监测。     

一种基于模间干涉的亚波长直径光纤气体折射率传感

设计了一种基于模间干涉的亚波长直径光纤气体折射率传感方案,并分析了其测量灵敏度.将标准单模光纤和一段仅传输基模与二阶模的无包层亚波长直径光纤结合形成传感头,通过分析传感头外气体折射率的变化对两个模式干涉谱峰值移动的影响,研究了这种传感器的折射率测量灵敏度.结果表明,这种传感器的灵敏度高于利用折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的基于模间干涉的折射率传感器.因为没有气体向微孔扩散的过程,这种基于模间干涉的亚波长光纤折射率传感器可用于实时探测.     

一种基于模间干涉的亚波长直径光纤气体折射率传感

设计了一种基于模间干涉的亚波长直径光纤气体折射率传感方案,并分析了其测量灵敏度.将标准单模光纤和一段仅传输基模与二阶模的无包层亚波长直径光纤结合形成传感头,通过分析传感头外气体折射率的变化对两个模式干涉谱峰值移动的影响,研究了这种传感器的折射率测量灵敏度.结果表明,这种传感器的灵敏度高于利用折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的基于模间干涉的折射率传感器.因为没有气体向微孔扩散的过程,这种基于模间干涉的亚波长光纤折射率传感器可用于实时探测.     

同时测量温度和曲率的光纤传感器

提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅和马赫-曾德干涉仪相结合的同时测量曲率和温度的光纤传感器.该光纤传感器在马赫-曾德干涉仪中熔接一段布拉格光纤光栅,其中马赫-曾德干涉仪由两个花生形结构单模光纤熔接而成.实验结果表明,马赫-曾德干涉仪的透射谱中干涉峰和光纤布拉格光栅透射谱中谐振峰对曲率和温度有不同的响应灵敏度,因此可以利用矩阵实现对曲率和温度的同时测量.实验中测得马赫-曾德干涉仪曲率灵敏度为-27.58nm/m-1,光纤布拉格光栅在一定的测量范围内对曲率的变化不敏感,马赫-曾德干涉仪和光纤布拉格光栅的温度灵敏度分别为0.038 69nm/℃和0.012 17nm/℃.该系统采用全光纤结构,光纤布拉格光栅嵌入到马赫-曾德干涉仪中,因而结构紧凑和简单,且易于实现.     

用于液压传感的双芯光子晶体光纤

采用全矢量有限元方法进行光纤设计优化,得到横截面上失去两层空气洞的双芯光子晶体光纤,可用于液压传感.优化的双芯光子晶体光纤的模场半径和数值孔径与单模光纤基本一致,在优化的双芯光子晶体光纤和单模光纤之间有一个相对较低的熔接损耗.计算结果表明由模场半径和数值孔径导致的不匹配造成的总共损耗可低至0.026 dB,低于传统光子晶体光纤和单模光纤0.1 dB的直接熔接损耗.对基于20 cm双芯光子晶体光纤的液压传感器的性能进行研究,结果表明在0～500 MPa量程内的灵敏度为-1.6 pm/MPa.     

基于薄芯光纤模态干涉技术的折射率 传感特性实验研究

报道了一种具有微结构缺陷的折射率传感器,并对其折射率特性进行了实验研究.将一部分薄芯光纤熔接于标准单模光纤中,由于插入的薄芯光纤和单模光纤纤芯失配,导致包层的高次模被激发并与纤芯模在单模光纤内形成干涉仪.通过减小薄芯光纤的包层直径,以增强包层中的传输模在环境中的倏逝场,从而提高对环境折射率测量的灵敏度.实验表明,该折射率传感器具有损耗低、成本低、灵敏度高和线性度好等特点.     

基于锥形光子晶体光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉的曲率传感器实验研究

提出了一种基于锥形光子晶体光纤(TPCF)马赫-曾德尔干涉的曲率传感器。它是通过将光子晶体光纤(PCF)两端与普通单模光纤(SMF)电弧熔接,并对PCF进行拉锥构成的SMF-TPCF-SMF结构,总长度为20 mm。在传感器制备过程中,通过调节熔接机的相关参数,使得熔接点处PCF空气孔完全塌陷,以便更好地激发包层模式,同时通过选择合适的PCF长度和拉锥长度使得传感器具有较高的曲率灵敏度。实验结果表明,随着传感器曲率的不断增大,其传输光谱出现明显蓝移现象。在0~1.16 m-1的曲率范围内,其曲率灵敏度为-5.39297 nm/m-1,且具有较好的线性度。该传感器具有结构简单、易于制造、灵敏度高等优点,且与其他结构传感器相比,能够消除温度的交叉敏感问题,可用于桥梁、建筑、道路等曲率传感领域。     

基于PDMS材料的Sagnac干涉光纤挥发性有机物传感器

在一段8cm长的保偏光纤两端分别熔接两段普通的单模光纤,在保偏光纤的侧面均匀地镀上一层聚二甲基硅氧烷材料,聚二甲基硅氧烷材料经该段保偏光纤接入到一个光纤耦合器中,从而形成一个光纤Sagnac干涉仪.聚二甲基硅氧烷材料吸附挥发性有机物分子时,会引起聚二甲基硅氧烷材料体积上的膨胀,导致Sagnac干涉波长的漂移,通过对Sagnac干涉光波长漂移的测量即可实现对挥发性有机物气体的检测.实验测量了传感器对挥发性有机物浓度的响应,结果表明,在0~6 000ppm浓度范围内,传感器的灵敏度为1.03pm/ppm,由光谱仪的最小分辨率为0.02nm可知,该传感器对挥发性有机物的检测下限约为19.4ppm.该传感器相比聚二甲基硅氧烷材料与光纤光栅结合的传感器,灵敏度提高了4 300倍.     

基于多芯光纤级联布喇格光纤光栅的横向压力与温度同时测量

提出并制作了一种基于多芯光纤与单模光纤错位构成的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,将其与光纤布喇格光栅级联,形成的全光纤传感系统可实现横向压力和温度双参量同时测量.马赫-曾德尔干涉仪是利用多芯光纤和单模光纤的模场不匹配而发生模间干涉,当外界横向压力直接作用在多芯光纤内部光场,干涉仪具有较高的灵敏度.实验结果表明:马赫-曾德尔干涉仪压力灵敏度为28.57nm/(N·mm~(-1)),线性度为0.997,而光纤布喇格光栅在一定范围内对压力变化不敏感;马赫-曾德干涉仪和光纤布喇格光栅对温度变化都具有较高的线性度,温度灵敏度分别为56.1pm/℃和11.3pm/℃.对于分辨率为0.02nm的光谱仪,传感器可实现的压力和温度测量分辨率分别为7.0×10~(-4)N/mm和0.03℃.马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的透射谱和光纤布拉光栅的谐振峰对横向压力和温度的变化有不同的光谱响应,利用光谱仪对传感器的透射谱实时监测,方便地实现了压力与温度双参量的测量.该传感器结构简单,灵敏度高,可用于不同领域的压力传感.     

A highly sensitive and selective hydrogen gas sensor from thick oriented films of MoS2

A new process is developed to fabricate a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor by depositing a partially crystalline and highly oriented film of MoS₂ from its single layer suspension on an alumina substrate. When these films are promoted with some catalysts selected from Pt-group metals (Pt, Pd, Ru or any combination of these metals) they exhibit a high sensitivity and selectivity to hydrogen gas. Unlike other metal oxide sensors which are sensitive to many reducing and oxidizing gases and operate at a temperature of 350 °C or higher; this sensor is highly selective to hydrogen gas and its operating temperature is from 25 to 150°C. The lower operating temperature enhances safety when dealing with hydrogen gas. The sensor response to hydrogen at 120 °C is linear in concentration from 30 to 10⁴ ppm with a 10 to 30 second response time and a 45 to 90 second recovery time. Above 10⁴ ppm the sensor is still linear but the slope of conductance versus hydrogen concentration changes.     

用光子晶体光纤光栅实现温度、应力和气体浓度的同时传感

为了解决传统光纤传感在传感不同物理参量时需要多个传感器的问题,并拓展光纤在同时传感多参量方面的应用,结合光子晶体光纤（PCF）中基模与高阶模光的不同传感特性以及气体吸收传感原理,在PCF传感温度、应力双参量的实验基础上,应用理论分析的手段探讨了同时传感温度、应力和气体浓度3种参量的方法。给出了3种参量的计算式并进行了数值模拟,最后设计了一套相对简单、性价比高的传感解调系统。理论分析和数值模拟表明:温度在0℃以上时可以获得高于0.98 pm/℃的温度灵敏度;基模光应力灵敏度为1.2 pm/,高阶模光可获得高于0.83 pm/的应力灵敏度;长度较短的光子晶体光纤能够测量较高的气体浓度。本方案使用2个写入光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的PCF作为传感器同时传感温度、应力和气体浓度3种参量,能够有效降低传感成本,拓宽气体、液体传感研究的思路。     

光子晶体光纤气体传感灵敏度的有限差分法分析

提出了一种适合于高灵敏度气体传感器的新型光子晶体光纤结构.采用全矢量频域有限差分方法,研究了基于不同结构光子晶体光纤的气体传感器的相对灵敏度.由全矢量频域有限差分法,通过直接求解由麦克斯韦方程组导出的标准特征值方程,可以得到光纤中可能存在的不同模式的传播常量、电场分布和磁场分布.分别给出了三种不同结构光子晶体光纤在波长为1.3312 μm处,与结构参量变化对应的相对灵敏度变化以及在不同波长情况下的相对灵敏度变化.结果证明,该新结构具有较其它代表性的折射率引导型光子晶体光纤结构更高的灵敏度,特别适合作气体传感器.     

Temperature sensor based on an isopropanol-sealed photonic crystal fiber in-line interferometer with enhanced refractive index sensitivity

We fabricate a simple, compact, and stable temperature sensor based on a liquid-sealed photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in-line nonpolarimetric modal interferometer. Different from other reported PCF devices, it does not need expensive polarimetric devices, and the liquid is sealed in one fiber. The device consists of a stub of isopropanol-filled PCF spliced between standard single-mode fibers. The temperature sensitivity (-166 pm/°C) increases over an order of magnitude compared with those of the previous sensors based on air-sealed PCF interferometers built via fusion splicing with the same mechanism. In addition, the refractive index sensitivity also increases. Higher temperature sensitivity can be realized by infiltrating some liquid having a higher thermo-optic coefficient into the microholes of the PCF.     

Development of MWCNTs/alumina composite-based sensor for trace level ammonia gas sensing

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/alumina (Al₂O₃) composite thin film-based low cost, rigid and highly efficient sensors were developed for trace level ammonia (NH₃) gas sensing applications. Composite films were prepared by dispersing MWCNTs in varying concentration in alumina solution following the sol-gel process. The sensor response as a function MWCNT concentrations were measured and compared. The notable characteristics of these sensors are fast response time (10 minutes), and excellent reproducibility with detection level up to 6 ppm. Although poor NH₃ desorption causes a high recovery time, fast and complete recovery was acquired using appropriate thermal treatment protocol. The sensitivity was found to be proportional to NH₃ concentrations in the range 6–25 ppm and then gradually saturated at higher concentrations. However, a decrease in the sensor response was observed with increase in concentrations of MWCNTs.     

Temperature-independent curvature sensor based on tapered photonic crystal fiber interferometer

A temperature-independent highly-sensitive curvature sensor by using a tapered-photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is fabricated by sandwiching a tapered-PCF between two standard single mode fibers (SMFs) with the air holes of the PCF in the fusion splicing region being fully collapsed. The tapering of PCF is found to enhance the sensitivity significantly. Large curvature sensitivities of 2.81 dB/m⁻¹ and 8.35 dB/m⁻¹ are achieved in the measurement ranges of 0.36-0.87 m⁻¹ and 0.87-1.34 m⁻¹, respectively, with the resolution of 0.0012 m⁻¹ being guaranteed. The proposed sensor also shows negligible temperature sensitivity less than 0.006 dB/°C.     

基于声表面波的氢气传感器*

将钯基材料对氢气分子的特异选择性吸附能力与声表面波的快速响应特点相结合,可实现一种快速、高灵敏和低功耗的氢气检测与报警技术。传感器由双通道差分式振荡器与沉积在传感器件表面的声表面波传播路径上的钯基气敏薄膜组成。为提升传感器响应速度,该文探讨了采用钯镍合金薄膜与钯铜纳米线作为气敏材料的氢气传感器响应特性,通过对气敏材料制备方法及参数的优化,研制了两种沉积不同钯基气敏材料的氢气传感器件,并对其性能进行了评测。实验测试结果表明:钯铜纳米线气敏材料由于具有大体积表面积比和多孔结构,大幅提高了SAW氢气传感器响应速度,针对浓度为10%、4%以及0.5%的氢气响应时间可达～2s。     

Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing Properties and Mechanism of Copper Phthalocyanine Film

Copper phthalocyanine film, a p-type organic semiconductor, is synthesized by vacuum sublimation and its surface morphology is characterized by SEM. A silicon-based copper phthalocyanine film gas sensor for NO2 detection is fabricated by MEMS technology. The results show that the resistance and sensitivity of copper phthalocyanine film decrease obviously as the NO2 concentration increases from Oppm to lOOppm. However, the sensitivity nearly keeps a constant of O. 158 between 30 ppm and 70 ppm. The best working temperature of the gas sensor is 90℃ for NO2 gas concentrations of lOppm, 20ppm and 30ppm, which is much lower than that of general metal oxide gas sensor.     

Photonic crystal fiber tip interferometer for refractive index sensing

In this paper we present an interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) tip ended with a solid silica-sphere for refractive index sensing. The sensor is fabricated by splicing one end of the holey PCF to a single mode fiber (SMF) and applying arc at the other end to form a solid sphere. The sensor has been experimentally tested for refractive index and temperature sensing by monitoring its wavelength shift. Measurement results show that the sensor has the resolution of the order of 8.7×10(-4) over the refractive index range of 1.33-1.40, and temperature sensitivity of the order of 10 pm/°C in the range of 20-100 °C.