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K. Hruška 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1962,12(5):338-353
The change in frequency of quartz piezoelectric resonators in a d-c electric polarizing field cannot be explained merely by a change in the dimensions of the resonator due to the polarizing field caused by the inverse piezoelectric effect and electrostriction. We are forced to admit that the elastic constants also change in a polarizing field. A phenomenological interpretation of the influence of a d-c electric polarizing field on the frequency of quartz resonators is proposed here, based on newly introduced quantities characterizing such a change. In conclusion it is shown in what way the quantities, on which the phenomenological theory is based, can be determined experimentally.
The author would like to thank Dr. J. Tichý for carefully reading the paper, for valuable discussion and numerous remarks on style and subject matter, which greatly helped to improve the text. He is also indebted to V. Janovec, C. Sc., for some new aspects and the exceptional interest with which he reviewed the paper. 相似文献
, . , . , , . , , .
The author would like to thank Dr. J. Tichý for carefully reading the paper, for valuable discussion and numerous remarks on style and subject matter, which greatly helped to improve the text. He is also indebted to V. Janovec, C. Sc., for some new aspects and the exceptional interest with which he reviewed the paper. 相似文献
3.
Zusammenfassung Im nachstehenden Artikel werden mikrophysikalische Vorgänge behandelt, die das Auftreten schneller Schichtungswellen in Neonglimmentladungen veranlassen können. Es werden sowohl die qualitativen Abhängigkeiten, als auch die ziffernmäigen Werte der Parameter der Schichtungswellen mit den charakteristischen Gröenwerten der in diesem Entladungstypus vor sich gehenden Vorgänge verglichen. Auf Grund der vorgenommenen Vergleiche kann gesagt werden, da die Relaxationszeiten der schnellen Wellen durch die Diffusionslebensdauer der atomaren, bzw. molekularen Ionen gegeben sind.
Zum Schlu danken wir F. Kroupa und V. Krejí für die aufmerksame Lesung der Arbeit und wertvolle Hinweise. 相似文献
,
, . , . , , .
Zum Schlu danken wir F. Kroupa und V. Krejí für die aufmerksame Lesung der Arbeit und wertvolle Hinweise. 相似文献
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P. Beckmann 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1961,11(12):863-870
The paper derives a general formula for the scattering of electromagnetic (or sound) waves from a periodic, perfectly conducting (or perfectly rigid) surface. No restrictions are imposed on the angle of incidence, the size of the surface or the degree of roughness. Except for the basic Kirchhoff approximation, the method is exact. The results confirm, generalise or correct special cases obtained by more complicated methods.
, ( ) . , . . , , .相似文献
6.
Otto Litzman 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1957,7(6):690-700
. n : , . npou u , n . n n npocm . 相似文献
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Karel Toman 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1959,9(3):367-376
On the basis of the correlation of diffraction data (intensity and width) of a precipitate with the intensity of reflection of a matrix solid solution it is shown that the change in primary extinction during the decomposition of a solid solution of Agin Alis caused by the precipitation of the phase Ag2Aland not by the production of lattice defects (zones, stacking faults).
Reported in part at the VIth Scientific Technical Conference on the Application of X-rays held in Leningrad in 1958.
The author thanks M. Mikovský for preparing the single crystals of the alloy Al-Ag having a high primary extinction and J. Laek and Prof. J. Bedná for carefully checking their homogeneity and chemical composition. 相似文献
I. Al-Ag
( ) , Ag Al Ag2Al, ( , ).
Reported in part at the VIth Scientific Technical Conference on the Application of X-rays held in Leningrad in 1958.
The author thanks M. Mikovský for preparing the single crystals of the alloy Al-Ag having a high primary extinction and J. Laek and Prof. J. Bedná for carefully checking their homogeneity and chemical composition. 相似文献
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E. F. Holländer 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1962,12(1):35-47
Recent advances in the continuum theory of dislocations have been achieved mainly in two directions: (1) the differential geometric (non-linear) theory of stationary dislocations, and (2) the formal linear dislocation dynamics. These two are unified here to form a differential geometric dynamical theory of continuous distributions of dislocations. To begin with, the basic concepts of the geometric theory are briefly summed up. The fundamental geometric equation of time-dependent distortions is derived first in a physically instructive elementary way and afterwards by means of exact differential geometry. A symmetrized form of the equation is given in terms of deformations or the metric tensor. The physical meaning of a previously introduced dislocation current tensor is discussed. A general form of the continuity equation for the dislocation current is then given. Thereafter the forces acting on dislocations are dealt with in connection with energy dissipation during plastic deformation and Ohm's law for dislocations, which has been introduced recently. The dislocation conductivity in simple cubic crystals is discussed. Finally, an invariant partition of the torsion (or dislocation) tensor is introduced. The semi-symmetrical part of this tensor corresponds to volume deformations, while the remainder is associated with shape deformations only. The main unsolved problems are enumerated, and some concluding remarks, concerned with the correspondence between dislocation theory on the one hand and general relativity and differential geometry on the other, are added.
, , : (1) - ( ) (2) . . . , . , . . . , , . . ( ). , . , , , .相似文献
11.
The paper deals with the basic properties of the simplest equations, corresponding to representation of the Lorentz group with maximum spin 3/2. It gives the representations of matrices which appear in these equations, the subsidiary conditions and solutions in the forceless case. The consistency of the equations after the introduction of electromagnetic interaction is proved and the magnetic moments of the particles are calculated. The equations describing particles with two mass states are dealt with in greater detail. The distinguishability of the two mass states is investigated and the lifetimes of the excited mass states at electromagnetic interaction are calculated.
,
, 3/2. , , . . , . .相似文献
12.
We establish a new three-mode entangled state representation , of continuum variables, which make up a complete set. Using optical four-wave mixing and a beam splitter transform we can prepare , . Based on , a new number-difference--operational-phase uncertainty relation is established and the corresponding squeezing dynamics is discussed. 相似文献
13.
The solution of the Kac character problem for thequeer series of Lie superalgebras q(n) is announced. An explicit algorithm which computes the character of an arbitrary finite-dimensional irreducible q(n)-module is presented. As an illustration, the correction terms to the generic character formula of Penkov (Monatsh. Math.118 (1994), 419) are written down for all finite-dimensional irreducible representations of q(n), for n4, with nongeneric character. 相似文献
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C. Petitjean D. V. Balin V. N. Baturin P. Baumann W. H. Breunlich T. Case K. M. Crowe H. Daniel Yu. S. Grigoriev F. J. Hartmann A. I. Ilyin M. Jeitler P. Kammel B. Lauss K. Lou E. M. Maev J. Marton M. Mühlbauer G. E. Petrov W. Prymas W. Schott G. G. Semenchuk Yu. V. Smirenin A. A. Vorobyov N. I. Voropaev P. Wojciechowski J. Zmeskal 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,82(1-4):273-293
The sticking process dt + n, which constitutes the most severe limit to the number of fusions which a muon can catalyze, is reviewed. Many attempts were made to determine by calculations and measurements the probability for initial sticking
s
0
(immediately after dt fusion) and for final sticking
s (after the came to rest). Previous results based on neutron disappearance rates and on the observation of -X-rays were controversial and also in some disagreement with theory. New data are reported from PSI on direct observation of final sticking, using a setup with the St. Petersburg ionization chamber. These data mark a significant improvement in reliability and may clarify questions concerning previous discrepancies. The new results is
s(0.56±0.04)%, lower than the theory prediction
s=(0.65±0.03)%, at medium density. 相似文献
16.
LetH
l
be the Hamiltonian in aP()2 theory with sharp space cutoff in the interval (–l/2,l/2). LetE
l
=inf(H
l
), (l)=–E
l
/l, and let l be the vacuum forH
l
. discuss properties of (l) and
l
. In particular, asl, there are finite constants <0 and such that (l), ((l)–)l, and hence (l)=+/l+o(l
–1). Moreover exp(–c
1
l)
l
1exp(–c
2
l) forc
1,c
2 positive constants, where
l
1 is theL
1(Q, d0) norm of 1 with respect to the Fock vacuum measure. We also present a new proof of recent estimates of Glimm and Jaffe on local perturbations ofH
l
in the infinite volume limit.Research sponsored by AFOSR under Contract No. F44620-71-C-0108.On leave from Istituto di Fisica Teorica, Universitá di Napoli and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli.A. Sloan Foundation Fellow. 相似文献
17.
Thomas Buchert 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2000,32(1):105-125
For general relativistic spacetimes filled with irrotational dust a generalized form of Friedmann's equations for an effective expansion factor a
D
of inhomogeneous cosmologies is derived. Contrary to the standard Friedmann equations, which hold for homogeneous-isotropic cosmologies, the new equations include the backreaction effect of inhomogeneities on the average expansion of the model. A universal relation between backreaction and average scalar curvature is also given. For cosmologies whose averaged spatial scalar curvature is proportional to a
D
-2, the expansion law governing a generic domain can be found. However, as the general equations show, backreaction acts as to produce average curvature in the course of structure formation, even when starting with space sections that are spatially flat on average. 相似文献
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V. Santholzer 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1960,10(8):595-602
A survey is given of the results of measuring the radioactivity of rain-out from 1. 11. 1956 to 1. 2. 1960 and of fall-out from 1. 11. 1958 to 1. 2. 1960.The temporary cessation of nuclear weapon tests from 1. 11. 1958 became apparent in the second half-year after the cessation (from 1. 5 to 31. 10. 1959) by a decrease in the cumulative activity to 45% of the value for the first half-year (from 1. 11. 1958 to 30. 4. 1959). At the end of 1959 another decrease was apparent.It was shown on the basis of long-term investigation into the activity that the samples of fall-out with greater activity contain relatively very little admixture from earlier nuclear tests so that in the period of a few weeks to months the sets of fission products may be regarded as practically isolated. The exponentn in the relationA=at
–n is most frequently 1.2 for the period of the first four mounths and for older samples is most oftenn=1.5. The energy of the beta and gamma rays from fall-out was estimated on the basis of absorption measurements. It was shown that the quality of the beta radiation varies with the age of the samples.A brief survey is given of the results of determining the Sr 90 content in fall-out and milk, and of the methods of physical evidence of Sr 90 used.
The author thanks Prof. F. Bhounek, member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, for valuable advice during this work. 相似文献
1. 11. 1956 1. 2. 1960 1. 11. 1958 1. 2. 1960. 1. 11. 1958 , ( 1. 5. 31. 10. 1959) 45% ( 1. 11. 1958 30. 4. 1959). 1959 . . , , . n A=at –n 4 1,2; n=1,5. - - . , - . Sr90 . Sr90.
The author thanks Prof. F. Bhounek, member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, for valuable advice during this work. 相似文献
19.
The effects of edge plasma biasing have been recently investigated by different spectroscopic diagnostics on the CASTOR tokamak. Measurements in visible, VUV and XUV ranges complement the knowledge of processes during a biasing phase, and confirm the occurrence of several types of plasma biasing regimes — so called radiating regime, non-radiating regime, and reduced H regime. The use of edge plasma biasing to study the possibility of Electron Bernstein Wave conversion has been demonstrated. 相似文献
20.
Ola Bratteli Richard H. Herman Derek W. Robinson 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》1978,59(2):167-196
For automorphism groups of operator algebras we show how properties of the difference
t
– '
t
are reflected in relations between the generators , . Indeed for a von Neumann algebraM with separable predual we show that if t – 't 0.28 for smallt, then = 0(+)°-1 where is an inner automorphism ofM and is a bounded derivation ofM. If the difference
t
– '
t
=O(t) ast ; 0, then = + and if
t
– '
t
0.28 for allt then =. We prove analogous results for unitary groups on a Hilbert space andC
0,C
0
*
groups on a Banach space.This paper subsumes an earlier work of the same title which appeared as a report from Z.I.F. der Universität BielefeldWith partial support of the U.S. National Science Foundation 相似文献