Dual-Functional Mesoporous Copper(II) Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Remediation of Organic Dyes

By using tritopic and ditopic organic linkers derived from the same 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine core, copper(II) metal-organic frameworks with different three-dimensional structures have been successfully synthesized under ambient conditions. The crystalline framework, ^PTB MOF ([Cu₃(PTB)₂(H₂O)₃]_n, where H₃PTB=4,4′,4′′-(pyridine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid, was observed to be mesoporous in nature and exhibited dual functionality in the removal of organic dyes. While cationic dyes such as methylene blue and malachite green, which are of different sizes, were adsorbed by ^PTB MOF ; anionic dyes such as tartrazine could be effectively degraded in a photo-Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by the MOFs under irradiation with visible light.     

中孔金属有机骨架材料的制备与应用

相对于微孔金属有机骨架化合物,中孔金属有机骨架化合物的研究大大拓宽了该类材料的应用,尤其是在多相催化、挥发性有机物吸附和药物输送等领域。目前存在的问题主要集中在材料制备环节,尽管可以从分子水平设计出具有合适尺寸的中孔金属有机骨架材料,但是会出现合成过程中骨架结构发生贯穿无法得到中孔,甚至样品活化过程中骨架发生坍塌失去中孔等问题。本文综述了中孔金属有机骨架材料的设计策略与制备方法,如使用长配体、混合配体、表面活性剂辅助及后合成修饰等方法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了总结。简要介绍了中孔金属有机骨架材料在气体存储、多相催化、分子传感、挥发性有机物吸附和药物载体等领域的应用进展,最后展望了该材料的发展前景。     

金属有机框架材料的制备及在吸附分离CO2中的应用

金属有机框架（MOFs）材料是当今的研究热点之一,是一类颇有潜力成为适用于CO₂吸附和分离的重要材料。本文从MOFs的发展及其所具有的特点、MOFs用于CO₂的吸附与分离所取得的突破性进展以及MOFs的传统合成及绿色制备方法三个方面展开论述。主要论述了MOFs适用于CO₂吸附的原理,及其相对于传统的CO₂吸附材料所具有的特点和优势,亦阐述了MOFs修饰与调变的方法。列出了MOFs用于单组分CO₂吸附及CO₂/CH₄、CO₂/N₂吸附分离的结果。同时,针对传统MOFs制备方法不适宜大规模CO₂捕集材料的生产,特别论述了机械化学合成法和新兴的潮湿矿物风化法,其均具有绿色化、无溶剂、低能耗和简单等特点,是一类较有研究价值和应用潜力的技术。随着温室效应和不可再生石化燃料的消耗等环境和能源问题的日趋严峻,研究及开发适用于CO₂捕集与封存技术的MOFs新材料迫在眉睫,且任重而道远。     

一系列基于混合配体策略构筑的金属有机骨架的合成、结构及性质

通过简单高效的醛酮缩合反应,合成了碱性配体2,6-二（4-吡啶基亚甲基）环己酮（BPCH）,采用3种芳香羧酸配体：对苯二甲酸（H₂TP）、间苯二甲酸（H₂IP）和均苯三甲酸（H₃TMA）,以混合配体策略制备了7例金属有机骨架（MOFs）。用单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射和热重分析对其进行表征并分析其拓扑结构。MOFs1、2、3均呈现为多样的三维结构,MOFs4~7表现为同构的二维结构。荧光测试结果显示该类化合物对Fe³⁺有较好的荧光猝灭效应,同时对于染料具有一定的吸附能力。     

石墨烯/金属-有机框架复合材料制备及其应用

金属-有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是由金属离子与有机配体通过配位键连接而成的高度有序多孔网络框架。MOFs具有比表面积大、孔径可调、结构多样等特性,在材料、环境以及生物医药等领域的应用具有潜在的优势。但是,MOFs存在易水解、稳定性较低、导电性差以及不易加工等缺点,与其他材料复合是改善其性能的有效途径之一。石墨烯具有突出的化学稳定性、良好的导电性、光学特性和力学特性等性能。石墨烯与MOFs的复合可有效提高和改善MOFs光电性能、稳定性以及可回收利用性。本综述介绍了原位生长法、界面生长法和共混成型法等石墨烯/MOFs复合材料的制备方法。进一步论述了其在气体分离与存储、水体净化、化学传感器和催化剂领域的应用。最后,对石墨烯/MOFs复合材料制备技术的开发及其潜在应用进行了总结和展望。     

Breathing-Assisted Selective Adsorption of C8 Alkyl Aromatics in Zn-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks

The breathing phenomenon in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has revealed supramolecular host-guest interactions that could be beneficial for chemical separation in numerous industrial applications. The cost-effective purification of C₈ alkyl aromatics such as o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene remains challenging owing to their similar molecular structures, boiling points, kinetic diameters, polarities, etc. Herein, we report two Zn-based pillar-bilayered MOFs, denoted [Zn₂(aip)₂(pillar)] (aip=5-aminoisophthalic acid; pillar: bpy=4,4’-bipyridine or bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) that exhibit a breathing effect depending on the adsorbed guest molecules. Guest-dependent sorption studies in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, methanol, benzene, and water vapor display reversible structural flexibility through the breathing effect in both framework compounds. The experiments conducted on C₈-alkyl aromatics resulting in both MOF compounds can access these isomers in the shrunken pores, and thereby expand the pore size by framework breathing. In C₈ binary mixtures, these Zn-MOFs exhibit selective sorption properties based on the different interactions between guest C₈ aromatics and the framework structure.     

Construction of Mesoporous Frameworks with Vanadoborate Clusters

A new porous vanadoborate was synthesized by employing the scale chemistry theory with the vanadoborate cluster V₁₀B₂₈. The twofold interpenetrated lvt network was assembled with zinc‐containing elliptical vanadoborate clusters and Zn polyhedra. The single lvt framework contains a three‐dimensional 38×38×20 ring channel system with the pore size (24.7×12.7 Å) reaching the mesoscale, thus indicating the possibility of constructing 3D ordered mesopores with vanadoborate clusters. The porosity of the SUT‐7 structure was confirmed by CO₂ adsorption of the as‐synthesized materials.     

Strength and Nature of Host-Guest Interactions in Metal-Organic Frameworks from a Quantum-Chemical Perspective

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a convenient means for capturing, transporting, and releasing small molecules. Their rational design requires an in-depth understanding of the underlying non-covalent host-guest interactions, and the ability to easily and rapidly pre-screen candidate architectures in silico. In this work, we devised a recipe for computing the strength and analysing the nature of the host-guest interactions in MOFs. By assessing a range of density functional theory methods across periodic and finite supramolecular cluster scale we find that appropriately constructed clusters readily reproduce the key interactions occurring in periodic models at a fraction of the computational cost. Host-guest interaction energies can be reliably computed with dispersion-corrected density functional theory methods; however, decoding their precise nature demands insights from energy decomposition schemes and quantum-chemical tools for bonding analysis such as the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, the non-covalent interactions index or the density overlap regions indicator.     

金属-有机框架应用于锂离子电池的研究进展

综述了金属-有机框架应用于锂离子电池的研究进展。金属-有机框架在锂离子电池中的应用主要有以下两个方面:1)用作锂电负极材料;2)用作锂电正极材料。同时总结了金属-有机框架做锂电电极材料存在的问题,并提出解决的可能途径。最后,展望了金属-有机框架在储能领域中的应用前景。     

Adsorption on Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks in Solution: Aromatic and Heterocyclic Compounds

Adsorption and desorption play major roles in separations, purification of water, waste streams, liquid fuels, catalysis, biomedicine and chromatography. Mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with pore sizes 2–50 nm are particularly suitable for adsorption of organic compounds in solution. Tens of thousands of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds are major components of liquid fuels, feedstock for industrial synthesis, solvents, dyestuffs, agricultural chemicals, medicinal drugs, food additives, and so forth. This Review provides a systematization and analysis of studies on adsorption/desorption on mesoporous MOFs in solution and their underlying chemical mechanisms. The (in)stability of mesoporous MOFs in water is critically discussed. Adsorption capacity and selectivity are covered for organic dyes, medicinal drugs, major components of liquid fuels, and miscellaneous industrial chemicals. Ionic interactions, Brønsted acid–base interactions, hydrogen bonding, coordination bonding, π–π interactions, and non‐specific interactions are covered amongst adsorption mechanisms. The effects of post‐synthetic modifications of mesoporous MOFs on their stability, adsorption capacity, selectivity, and mechanisms of adsorption and desorption are analyzed. To encourage research in this quickly growing field, we identify “niches” for which no application‐oriented and/or mechanistic studies were reported. Perspectives and limitations of a wide use of mesoporous MOFs as industrial sorbents are discussed.     

基于高通量计算筛选的金属有机骨架材料甲醛吸附性能

随着大量新型金属有机骨架（MOFs）吸附材料的出现,传统“试错式”的甲醛吸附剂研究方法具有效率低、周期长、成本高等问题.为实现高性能甲醛净化MOFs的快速研发,采用基于巨正则蒙特卡洛模拟（GCMC）的高通量计算筛选方法对2932种MOFs材料进行了甲醛吸附性能的快速评价.基于高通量计算筛选结果,我们挑选并制备出Y-BTC、ZnCar和Ni-BIC等3种对甲醛有较高吸附量的吸附剂,并采用粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）、比表面积分析（BET）对材料进行了表征.通过甲醛吸附实验,明确了筛选出的MOFs以及参照材料（Cu-BTC、活性炭）在甲醛初始浓度为100 mg/m³条件下的甲醛吸附量分别为0.38、0.25、0.11、0.08、0.06 mol/kg.同时,筛选出的吸附剂还具有良好的甲醛吸附循环利用性能.该结果表明筛选出的Y-BTC、ZnCar和Ni-BIC的甲醛吸附量均高于Cu-BTC和活性炭等参照吸附剂,证明了高通量计算筛选方法在指导甲醛吸附材料开发方面的有效性.     

计算模拟研究金属有机骨架材料吸附分离C2、C3烃类气体

碳氢化合物在工业生产中发挥着重要的作用,其分离纯化过程是工业生产中重要的环节。低碳烃气体的物理化学性质十分相似,仅在分子尺寸和不饱和度等方面有微小差异,分离困难。传统的精馏等分离方式能耗高、有时效率较低。金属有机骨架材料由于其优异的性能(高比表面积、高孔隙率、结构尺寸可控)在吸附分离方面发挥了重要作用。计算模拟方法能够在微观层次上描述吸附分离过程,起到实验无法替代的作用。本文综述了计算模拟用于探索金属有机骨架吸附分离低碳烃的最新研究进展,探讨了其在金属有机骨架吸附分离低碳烃研究中存在的问题,并展望了发展前景。     

Low-Field NMR Relaxation Analysis of High-Pressure Ethane Adsorption in Mesoporous Silicas

Understanding the behaviour of short-chain hydrocarbons confined to porous solids informs the targeted extraction of natural resources from geological features, and underpins rational developments in separation, storage and catalytic conversion processes. Herein, we report the application of low-field (12.7 MHz) ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements to characterise ethane dynamics within mesoporous silica materials exhibiting mean pore diameters between 6 and 50 nm. Our measurements provide NMR-based adsorption isotherms within the range 25–50 bar and at ambient temperature, incorporating the ethane condensation point (40.7 bar at our experimental temperature of 23.6 °C). The quantitative nature of the acquired data is validated via a direct comparison of NMR-derived excess adsorption capacities with ex situ gravimetric ethane adsorption measurements, which are demonstrated to agree to within 0.2 mmol g⁻¹ of the observed ethane capacity. NMR relaxation time distributions are further demonstrated as a means to decouple interparticle and mesopore dominated adsorption phenomena, with unexpectedly rapid relaxation rates associated with interparticle ethane gas confirmed via a direct comparison with NMR self-diffusion analysis.     

具有MIL-100和MIL-101结构巨孔羧酸钪配位聚合物

用溶剂热方法首次以DMF为溶剂合成了具有MIL-100和MIL-101结构的巨孔均苯三甲酸钪(1)和对苯二甲酸钪(2)配位聚合物,通过将钯金属纳米粒子沉积到均三苯甲酸钪(1)的骨架结构中的方法,获得了后功能化的载有钯纳米粒子的配位聚合物孔材料Pd@1,并对以上材料进行了X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和氮气吸附表征。     

Optimizing Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks through Ligand Conformation Regulation for Efficient Dye Adsorption and C2H2/CO2 Separation

Regulating the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by adjusting the ligands reasonably is expected to enhance the interaction of MOFs on special molecules/ions, which has significant application value for the selective adsorption of guest molecules. Herein, two tricarboxylic ligands H₃L−Cl and H₃L−NH₂ were designed and synthesized based on the ligand H₃TTCA by replacing part of the benzene rings with C=C bonds and modifying the chlorine and amino groups on the 4-position of the benzene ring. Two 3D Fe-MOFs ( UPC-60-Cl and UPC-60-NH₂ ) with the new topology types were constructed. As the C=C bonds of the ligands have flexible torsion angles, UPC-60-Cl features three types of irregular 2D channels, while UPC-60-NH₂ has a cage with two types of windows on the surface. The synergistic effect of unique channels and modification of functional groups endows UPC-60-Cl and UPC-60-NH₂ with high adsorption capacity for organic dyes. Compound UPC-60-Cl shows high adsorption capacity for CV (147.2 mg g⁻¹), RHB (100.3 mg g⁻¹), and MO (220.9 mg g⁻¹), whereas UPC-60-NH₂ exhibits selective adsorption of MO (158.7 mg g⁻¹). Meanwhile, based on the diverse pore structure and modification of active sites, UPC-60-Cl and UPC-60-NH₂ show the selective separation of equimolar C₂H₂/CO₂. Therefore, reasonable regulation of organic ligands plays a significant role in guiding the structure diversification and performance improvement of MOFs.     

Sulfur Chemistry for Stable and Electroactive Metal-Organic Frameworks: The Crosslinking Story

The versatile sulfur chemistry, as exemplified by the reactive yet tractable thiol group (-SH), offers unique opportunities for bypassing the obstacles in accessing stable and electroactive metal-organic frameworks. Of particular interest are recent advances in assembling MOF materials equipped with free-standing thiol functions: metal guests can be conveniently inserted to install electroactive metal-sulfur bonds, which, as crosslinks, also stabilize the host coordination net. Here the historical development of the bifunctional, two-step design embodied by the thiol-tagged MOF solids is traced, in order to highlight the underlying spirit that has driven research efforts in the past two decades. Going forward, broad new horizons are foreseen in solid-state materials synthesis, for example, arising from various sulfur-based hard-and-soft combinations, in synergy with the crystalline and modular MOF structural platform.     

机器学习辅助高通量筛选金属有机骨架材料

金属有机骨架(Metal-organic Frameworks, MOFs)材料具有高比表面积、大孔容和可调控合成等优点,在气体储存、吸附分离、催化等领域受到了广泛关注,近年来其数量呈爆炸式增长的趋势。而高通量计算筛选(High-throughput Computational Screening, HTCS)是从大量材料中发现高性能目标材料与挖掘构效关系最有效的研究方法。在高通量计算筛选过程中产生的数据具有量大、维度多等特点,尤其适合采用机器学习(Machine Learning, ML)进行训练,从而进一步提升筛选效率、深入挖掘多维数据间的构效关系。本综述概述了机器学习辅助高通量筛选金属有机骨架材料的一般流程与常用方法,包括常用描述符、算法与评价标准等,对其在气体储存、分离及催化等领域的研究进展进行了总结,以此明确当前研究中面临的挑战与后续发展方向,助力MOFs材料设计研发。     

缺陷金属有机骨架的制备及其去除水中污染物的研究进展

在避免母体结构坍塌的前提下,通过缺陷工程对金属有机骨架(MOFs)进行处理可有效提升其去除水体污染物的性能。目前,通过调整合成条件(温度、金属/配体比例等)、添加调制剂、热处理和金属节点取代等方式可制备缺陷MOFs。粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、比表面积分析、热重-差热分析(TGA-DSC)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、球差校正透射电镜(AC-TEM)和X射线吸收光谱(XAS)表征技术可证实MOFs中缺陷的特征。相比原始MOFs,从光催化等高级氧化的角度来看,构造缺陷型MOFs可促进电子转移、减小带隙以提升其高级氧化降解去除污染物的性能。此外,缺陷型MOFs还可为污染物提供更多吸附位点,进一步提升吸附剂的吸附容量和吸附速率。本文系统总结缺陷MOFs的制备方法、现有常见表征技术及其在水处理领域中的应用。同时,本文还根据缺陷MOFs用于去除水中污染物的研究现状对其今后发展予以展望。     

金属-有机骨架及其功能材料在食品和水有害物质预处理中的应用

食品安全问题是关系人民生命健康和经济社会和谐发展的重大问题。食品类样品残存的痕量有毒有害物质对人体健康产生潜在危害。因此,需要高效的吸附材料用于食品类样品预处理及检测。金属-有机骨架材料(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) 是一类新型的多孔功能材料,具有高孔隙度、高比表面积、结构可设计与调控、孔径可调及良好的化学和热稳定性等优点。MOFs的早期研究主要集中在结构及功能化设计方面,近年来MOFs及其功能材料在各领域的潜在应用逐渐成为新的研究热点。MOFs具有高度发达的孔隙结构,易通过功能化改变材料表面性质,不同的金属元素和配体种类,以及配位方式的多样化特性,极大地丰富固相萃取的固定相材料种类。尤其是在复杂基质样品预处理中,MOFs及其功能材料表现出强富集能力、强抗基质干扰能力、优异的选择性以及环境友好等优势。本文综述了近几年MOFs及其功能材料在食品和水样品中有害物质预处理方面的研究进展,并对这类材料应用在食品安全分析方面的发展进行了展望。     

Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria and Biofilms with Benzoselenadiazole-Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks

Bacterial biofilms are difficult to treat due to their resistance to traditional antibiotics. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has made significant progress in biomedical applications, most photosensitizers have poor water solubility and can thus aggregate in hydrophilic environments, leading to the quenching of photosensitizing activity in PDT. Herein, a benzoselenadiazole-containing ligand was designed and synthesized to construct the zirconium (IV)-based benzoselenadiazole-doped metal-organic framework (Se-MOF). Characterizations revealed that Se-MOF is a type of UiO-68 topological framework with regular crystallinity and high porosity. Compared to the MOF without benzoselenadiazole, Se-MOF exhibited a higher ¹O₂ generation efficacy and could effectively kill Staphylococcus aureus bacteria under visible-light irradiation. Importantly, in vitro biofilm experiments confirmed that Se-MOF could efficiently inhibit the formation of bacteria biofilms upon visible-light exposure. This study provides a promising strategy for developing MOF-based PDT agents, facilitating their transformation into clinical photodynamic antibacterial applications.