CF3SO2Na as a Bifunctional Reagent: Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes Accompanied by SO2 Insertion to Access Trifluoromethylated Cyclic N‐Sulfonylimines

An unprecedented electrochemical trifluoromethylation/SO₂ insertion/cyclization process has been achieved in an undivided cell in an atom‐economic fashion. The protocol relies on tandem cyclization of N‐cyanamide alkenes by using Langlois’ reagent as a source of both CF₃ and SO₂ under direct anodically oxidative conditions, in which two C?C bonds, two C?X bonds (N?S and S?C), and two rings were formed in a single operation. This transformation enabled efficient construction of various trifluoromethylated cyclic N‐sulfonylimines from readily accessible materials.     

External‐Oxidant‐Free Electrochemical Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Arenes Using CF3SO2Na as the CF3 Source

An efficient and environmentally benign electrochemical oxidative radical C—H trifluoromethylation of arenes by employing Langlois reagent as the CF₃ source was developed in this work. Neither transition metal catalysts nor external chemical oxidants were required in this trifluoromethylation process. The reaction could be conducted in gram scale with high reaction efficiency.     

2,3-丁二酮介导的CF3SO2Na与烯烃的氧化三氟甲基化反应

以2,3-丁二酮作为光催化剂, 三氟甲基亚磺酸钠作为三氟甲基化试剂, 在可见光诱导下, 采用温和的反应条件高效地实现了烯烃衍生物的氧化三氟甲基化反应, 以52%~78%的收率合成了22个含有三氟甲基酮类结构的化合物(3a~3v). 该反应的特点是用2,3-丁二酮代替昂贵的金属光催化剂, 在可见光范围内从廉价的三氟甲基化试剂中引发出三氟甲基自由基, 并在氧化剂的协同作用下进行烯烃的氧化三氟甲基化反应.     

Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Four-Component Reaction Cascade Mumm Rearrangement: Rapid Access to Functionalized Imides

An electrochemical four-component reaction cascade Mumm rearrangement was developed. It is a rare example of in situ generation of O-acyl isoamides for 1,3-(O→N) acyl transfer. Inexpensive, commercially available arylethylenes, aryl or heterocyclic acids, acetonitrile, and alcohols were used as substrates. A wide range of aryl acids and alcohols were tolerated and provided imides in satisfactory yields. Subsequent hydrolysis of imides could be utilized to synthesize valuable amides and β-amino alcohol derivatives.     

β‐Selective Aroylation of Activated Alkenes by Photoredox Catalysis

Late‐stage synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated aryl ketones remains an unmet challenge in organic synthesis. Reported herein is a photocatalytic non‐chain‐radical aroyl chlorination of alkenes by a 1,3‐chlorine atom shift to form β‐chloroketones as masked enones that liberate the desired enones upon workup. This strategy suppresses side reactions of the enone products. The reaction tolerates a wide array of functional groups and complex molecules including derivatives of peptides, sugars, natural products, nucleosides, and marketed drugs. Notably, addition of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐pyridine enhances the quantum yield and efficiency of the cross‐coupling reaction. Experimental and computational studies suggest a mechanism involving PCET, formation and reaction of an α‐chloro‐α‐hydroxy benzyl radical, and 1,3‐chlorine atom shift.     

Radical Desulfur‐Fragmentation and Reconstruction of Enol Triflates: Facile Access to α‐Trifluoromethyl Ketones

We report an efficient oxidative radical desulfur‐fragmentation and reconstruction of enol triflates for the synthesis of α‐CF₃ ketones. Preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed that oxidative fragmentation to release a CF₃ radical from the triflyl group of enol triflate and subsequent addition of the CF₃ radical to another enol triflate form the desired α‐CF₃ ketones. This method provides a new approach to α‐CF₃ ketones, featuring the utilization of catalytic amount of oxidants, broad substrate scope, and potential to control the regioselectivity.     

Intermolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Fluorocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Efficient Access to β‐Fluorocarboxylic Esters

A novel palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular oxidative fluorocarbonylation of alkenes has been developed, in which employment of a cooperative process with electrophilic ArIF₂‐meidated alkenes activation and palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation is crucial for the successful catalytic transformation. The current transformation presents the first convenient method to generate β‐fluorinated carboxylic acid derivatives under mild reaction conditions from simple alkenes with excellent regioselectivity.     

Na 2 SO 3 /SOCl 2 , an Efficient Reagent for the Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles

Aldoximes undergo rapid dehydration with sodium sulfite, thionyl chloride, under mild reaction condition to afford nitriles in excellent isolated yields. Dehydration reactions were performed in solvent and under solvent free conditions.     

An Agostic Iridium Pincer Complex as a Highly Efficient and Selective Catalyst for Monoisomerization of 1‐Alkenes to trans‐2‐Alkenes

A unique Ir complex (^tBuNC^CP)Ir with the pyridine–phosphine pincer as the sole ligand, featuring a dual agostic interaction between the Ir and two σ C−H bonds from a t Bu substituent, has been prepared. This complex exhibits exceptionally high activity and excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity for monoisomerization of 1‐alkenes to trans ‐2‐alkenes with wide functional‐group tolerance. Reactions can be performed in neat reactant on a more than 100 gram scale using 0.005 mol % catalyst loadings with turnover numbers up to 19000.     

Enantioselective Dearomatization of Indoles by an Azoalkene-Enabled (3+2) Reaction: Access to Pyrroloindolines

The enantioselective dearomatization of indoles by an organocatalytic (3+2) reaction has been established. The reaction makes use of simple indole derivatives as substrates, and employs azoalkenes reaction partners. A wide range of pyrroloindolines containing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center were readily prepared in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.     

Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Trifluoromethylazidation of Alkenes: Convenient Access to CF3‐Containing Alkyl Azides

A novel copper‐catalyzed intermolecular trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes has been developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of CF₃‐containing organoazides were directly synthesized from a wide range of olefins, including activated and unactivated alkenes, and the resulting products can be easily transformed into the corresponding CF₃‐containing amine derivatives.     

Nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of terminal vinyl triflones with SO2CF3 as a removable activating group

Terminal vinyl triflones served as excellent Michael addition acceptors which readily reacted with difluoromethylene phosphabetaine and di- or mono-fluoroalkyl bromides to afford compounds containing CF₂ or CF groups. This fluoroalkylation is characterized by mild reaction conditions, ready availability of reagents and excellent functional-group tolerance.     

Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Four‐Component Reaction Cascade Mumm Rearrangement: Rapid Access to Functionalized Imides

An electrochemical four‐component reaction cascade Mumm rearrangement was developed. It is a rare example of in situ generation of O‐acyl isoamides for 1,3‐(O→N) acyl transfer. Inexpensive, commercially available arylethylenes, aryl or heterocyclic acids, acetonitrile, and alcohols were used as substrates. A wide range of aryl acids and alcohols were tolerated and provided imides in satisfactory yields. Subsequent hydrolysis of imides could be utilized to synthesize valuable amides and β‐amino alcohol derivatives.     

AgF‐Mediated Fluorinative Cross‐Coupling of Two Olefins: Facile Access to α‐CF3 Alkenes and β‐CF3 Ketones

A AgF‐mediated fluorination with a concomitant cross‐coupling between a gem‐difluoroolefin and a non‐fluorinated olefin is reported. This highly efficient method provides facile access to both α‐CF₃ alkenes and β‐CF₃ ketones, which otherwise remain challenging to be directly prepared. The application of this method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of bioactive isoxazoline derivatives. This approach represents a conceptually novel route to trifluoromethylated compounds that combines the in situ generation of the CF₃ moiety and a C? H functionalization in a single reaction system.     

Complexation of Alkali Triflates by Crown Ethers: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Na(12‐crown‐4)2][SO3CF3], [Na(15‐crown‐5)][SO3CF3], [Rb(18‐crown‐6)][SO3CF3], and [Cs(18‐crown‐6)][SO3CF3]

Complexes of trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) with alkali metals Na, Rb, Cs have been prepared in the presence of various macrocyclic polyether crowns [(12‐crown‐4), (15‐crown‐5) and (18‐crown‐6)]. Depending on the combination of alkali ion with crown, the complexes include separated ion pairs [Na(12‐crown‐4)₂] [SO₃CF₃] ( 1 ) and contact ion pairs [Na(15‐crown‐5)] [SO₃CF₃] ( 2 ), [Rb(18‐crown‐6)] [SO₃CF₃] ( 3 ), and [Cs(18‐crown‐6)] [SO₃CF₃] ( 4 ), in which the triflate acts as a bidentate ligand. It is shown that the choice of crown ether is of paramount importance in determining the solid‐state structural outcome. The complex resulting from the pairing of crown ether ( 1 ) develops, when the crown ether is too small in relation to the alkali ion radius. When the cavity size of the crown ether is matched with the alkali ion radius, simple monomeric structures are identified in 2 , 3 and 4 . The title compounds crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system: 1 : space group P2/c with a = 9.942(3), b = 11.014(2), c = 10.801(3) Å, β = 97.30(2)°, V = 1173.1(4) ų, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0812, wR2 = 0.1133: 2 : space group P2₁/m with a = 7.949(2), b = 12.063(3), c = 9.094(2) Å, β = 105.98(2)°, V = 838.3(4) ų, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0869, wR2 = 0.1035: 3 : space group P2₁/c with a = 12.847(5), b = 8.448(2), c = 22.272(6) Å, β = 122.90(3)°, V = 2029.5(1) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0684, wR2 = 0.1044: 4 : space group P2₁/n with a = 12.871(3), b = 8.359(1), c = 19.019(4) Å, β = 92.61(2)°, V = 2044.2(6) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0621, wR2 = 0.0979.