Group 6 Oxyfluoro-Anion Salts of [XeF5]+ and [Xe2F11]+: Syntheses and Structures of [XeF5][M2O2F9] (M=Mo,W), [Xe2F11][M′OF5] (M′=Cr,Mo, W), [XeF5][HF2]⋅CrOF4, and [XeF5][WOF5]⋅XeOF4

The reactions of the fluoride-ion donor, XeF₆, with the fluoride-ion acceptors, M′OF₄ (M′=Cr, Mo, W), yield [XeF₅]⁺ and [Xe₂F₁₁]⁺ salts of [M′OF₅]⁻ and [M₂O₂F₉]⁻ (M=Mo, W). Xenon hexafluoride and MOF₄ react in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) to give equilibrium mixtures of [Xe₂F₁₁]⁺, [XeF₅]⁺, [(HF)_nF]⁻, [MOF₅]⁻, and [M₂O₂F₉]⁻ from which the title salts were crystallized. The [XeF₅][CrOF₅] and [Xe₂F₁₁][CrOF₅] salts could not be formed from mixtures of CrOF₄ and XeF₆ in aHF at low temperature (LT) owing to the low fluoride-ion affinity of CrOF₄, but yielded [XeF₅][HF₂]⋅CrOF₄ instead. In contrast, MoOF₄ and WOF₄ are sufficiently Lewis acidic to abstract F⁻ ion from [(HF)_nF]⁻ in aHF to give the [MOF₅]⁻ and [M₂O₂F₉]⁻ salts of [XeF₅]⁺ and [Xe₂F₁₁]⁺. To circumvent [(HF)_nF]⁻ formation, [Xe₂F₁₁][CrOF₅] was synthesized at LT in CF₂ClCF₂Cl solvent. The salts were characterized by LT Raman spectroscopy and LT single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which provided the first X-ray crystal structure of the [CrOF₅]⁻ anion and high-precision geometric parameters for [MOF₅]⁻ and [M₂O₂F₉]⁻. Hydrolysis of [Xe₂F₁₁][WOF₅] by water contaminant in HF solvent yielded [XeF₅][WOF₅]⋅XeOF₄. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out for M′OF₄, [M′OF₅]⁻, [M′₂O₂F₉]⁻, {[Xe₂F₁₁][CrOF₅]}₂, [Xe₂F₁₁][MOF₅], and {[XeF₅][M₂O₂F₉]}₂ to obtain their gas-phase geometries and vibrational frequencies to aid in their vibrational mode assignments and to assess chemical bonding.     

Chromium Oxide Tetrafluoride and Its Reactions with Xenon Hexafluoride; the [XeF5]+ and [Xe2F11]+ Salts of the [CrVIOF5]−, [CrVOF5]2−, [CrV2O2F8]2−, and [CrIVF6]2− Anions

Molten mixtures of XeF₆ and Cr^VIOF₄ react by means of F₂ elimination to form [XeF₅][Xe₂F₁₁][Cr^VOF₅] ⋅ 2 Cr^VIOF₄, [XeF₅]₂[Cr^IVF₆] ⋅ 2 Cr^VIOF₄, [Xe₂F₁₁]₂[Cr^IVF₆], and [XeF₅]₂[Cr^V₂O₂F₈], whereas their reactions in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) and CFCl₃/aHF yield [XeF₅]₂[Cr^V₂O₂F₈] ⋅ 2 HF and [XeF₅]₂[Cr^V₂O₂F₈] ⋅ 2 XeOF₄. Other than [Xe₂F₁₁][M^VIOF₅] and [XeF₅][M^VI₂O₂F₉] (M=Mo or W), these salts are the only Group 6 oxyfluoro-anions known to stabilize noble-gas cations. Their reaction pathways involve redox transformations that give [XeF₅]⁺ and/or [Xe₂F₁₁]⁺ salts of the known [Cr^VOF₅]²⁻ and [Cr^IVF₆]²⁻ anions, and the novel [Cr^V₂O₂F₈]²⁻ anion. A low-temperature Raman spectroscopic study of an equimolar mixture of solid XeF₆ and CrOF₄ revealed that [Xe₂F₁₁][Cr^VIOF₅] is formed as a reaction intermediate. The salts were structurally characterized by LT single-crystal X-ray diffraction and LT Raman spectroscopy, and provide the first structural characterizations of the [Cr^VOF₅]²⁻ and [Cr^V₂O₂F₈]²⁻ anions, where [Cr^V₂O₂F₈]²⁻ represents a new structural motif among the known oxyfluoro-anions of Group 6. The X-ray structures show that [XeF₅]⁺ and [Xe₂F₁₁]⁺ form ion pairs with their respective anions by means of Xe- - -F–Cr bridges. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out to obtain the energy-minimized, gas-phase geometries and the vibrational frequencies of the anions and their ion pairs and to aid in the assignments of their Raman spectra.     

Noble-Gas Difluoride Complexes of MOF4 (M=Mo,W); Syntheses,Structures and Bonding of NgF2 ⋅ MOF4 and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4 (Ng=Kr,Xe)

The NgF₂ ⋅ MOF₄ (Ng=Kr, Xe; M=Mo, W) and XeF₂ ⋅ 2MOF₄ complexes were synthesized in anhydrous HF (aHF) solvent and melts, respectively. Their single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) structures show NgF₂ ⋅ MOF₄ and XeF₂ ⋅ 2MOF₄ have F_t−Ng−F_b- - -M arrangements, in which the NgF₂ ligands coordinate to MOF₄ through Ng−F_b- - -M bridges. The XeF₂ ligands of XeF₂ ⋅ 2MOF₄ also coordinate to F₃OM−F_b’- - -M'OF₄ moieties through Xe−F_b- - -M bridges to form F_t−Xe−F_b- - -M(OF₃)−F_b’- - -M'OF₄, where XeF₂ coordinates trans to the M=O bond and F_b’ coordinates trans to the M’=O bond. The Ng−F_t, Ng−F_b, and M- - -F_b bond lengths of NgF₂ ⋅ nMOF₄ are consistent with MOF₄ and F₃OM−F_b’- - -M'OF₄ fluoride-ion affinity trends: CrOF₄<MoOF₄<WOF₄≈F₃OMo−F_b’- - -Mo'OF₄<F₃OW−F_b’- - -W'OF₄. The [- -(F₄OMo)(μ₃-F)H- - -(μ-F)H- -]_∞ solvate was also synthesized in aHF and characterized by SCXRD. Quantum-chemical calculations show the M- - -F_b bonds of NgF₂ ⋅ MOF₄ and XeF₂ ⋅ 2MOF₄ are predominantly electrostatic, σ-hole type bonds.     

Synthesis and Structure of Ba12F19Cl5

A new member belonging to the binary phase diagram of BaF₂ and BaCl₂ was synthesized. The single domain crystals of Ba₁₂F₁₉Cl₅ can be prepared from a nonstoichiometric flux with molar ratio of 1 : 1 between BaFCl and BaF₂. The compound crystallizes at room temperature in the non-centrosymmetric hexagonal space group P6 2m with a = b = 1408.48(14) and c = 427.33(5) pm. Three different barium environements with coordination number of nine are found. The barium fluorine distances vary between 250.59(6) – a short distance compared to other Ba? F distances – and 302.7(1) pm and barium chlorine distances between 331.55(3) and 336.19(15) pm. This compound is further characterized using Raman spectroscopy.     

Second-sphere coordination in hexaamminecobalt(III) salt with organic sulphonate anion: Synthesis, characterisation and X-ray crystal structure of [Co(NH3)6](CH3SO3)3

Reaction of hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride with the silver salt of methanesulphonic acid in aqueous medium (1:3 molar ratio) forms hexaamminecobalt(III) methanesulphonate, [Co(NH₃)₆](CH₃SO₃)₃, in high yield. This cobalt(III) complex has been characterized by spectroscopic techniques (UV/visible, IR and NMR) and its solubility product determined. The X-ray crystal structure shows that the [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ cations interact at the second sphere by sharing edges with the anions, via N–H  O hydrogen bonds. The structure is related to that of [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl(CH₃SO₃)₂, but is modified to accommodate additional anions in place of Cl⁻.     

A Raman spectroscopic study of the XeOF4/XeF2 system and the X-ray crystal structure of α-XeOF4·XeF2

The mixed oxidation state complexes, α-XeOF₄·XeF₂ and β-XeOF₄·XeF₂, result from the interaction of XeF₂ with excess XeOF₄. The X-ray crystal structure of the more stable α-phase shows that the XeF₂ molecules are symmetrically coordinated through their fluorine ligands to the Xe(VI) atoms of the XeOF₄ molecules which are, in turn, coordinated to four XeF₂ molecules. The high-temperature phase, β-XeOF₄·XeF₂, was identified by low-temperature Raman spectroscopy in admixture with α-XeOF₄·XeF₂; however, the instability of the β-phase precluded its isolation and characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Raman spectrum of β-XeOF₄·XeF₂ indicates that the oxygen atom of XeOF₄ interacts less strongly with the XeF₂ molecules in its crystal lattice than in α-XeOF₄·XeF₂. The ¹⁹F and ¹²⁹Xe NMR spectra of XeF₂ in liquid XeOF₄ at −35 °C indicate that any intermolecular interactions that exist between XeF₂ and XeOF₄ are weak and labile on the NMR time scale. Quantum-chemical calculations at the B3LYP and PBE1PBE levels of theory were used to obtain the gas-phase geometries and vibrational frequencies as well as the NBO bond orders, valencies, and NPA charges for the model compounds, 2XeOF₄·XeF₂, and XeOF₄·4XeF₂, which provide approximations of the local XeF₂ and XeOF₄ environments in the crystal structure of α-XeOF₄·XeF₂. The assignments of the Raman spectra (−150 °C) of α- and β-XeOF₄·XeF₂ have been aided by the calculated vibrational frequencies for the model compounds. The fluorine bridge interactions in α- and β-XeOF₄·XeF₂ are among the weakest for known compounds in which XeF₂ functions as a ligand, whereas such fluorine bridge interactions are considerably weaker in β-XeOF₄·XeF₂.     

Synthesis, Structure and Properties of a Novel Chloro-Oxo Alkoxide: Sr2Er2OCl(OPr i )7(HOPr i )4

A new chloro-oxo-alkoxide, Sr₂Er₂OCl(OPr ⁱ )₇(HOPr ⁱ )₄ has been prepared by reacting 4ErCl₃ with 5Sr dissolved in toluene:HOPr ⁱ . The structure, determined by single-crystal X-ray techniques, is built from two polymer strands, each formed by repeating two molecular Sr₂Er₂O(OPr ⁱ )₇(HOPr ⁱ )₄ complexes, inter-tied by a chloro atom. The four independent, but very similar complexes contain two Er and two Sr ions, all binding to a central oxo ion. The great similarity of the FT-IR and UV-vis-NIR spectra of the solid and the hexane/toluene/2-propanol solutions shows that the molecular complexes have similar complex structures in the solid state and in solution.     

One Guest or Two? A Crystallographic and Solution Study of Guest Binding in a Cubic Coordination Cage

A crystallographic investigation of a series of host–guest complexes in which small-molecule organic guests occupy the central cavity of an approximately cubic M₈L₁₂ coordination cage has revealed some unexpected behaviour. Whilst some guests form 1:1 H⋅G complexes as we have seen before, an extensive family of bicyclic guests—including some substituted coumarins and various saturated analogues—form 1:2 H⋅G₂ complexes in the solid state, despite the fact that solution titrations are consistent with 1:1 complex formation, and the combined volume of the pair of guests significantly exceeds the Rebek 55±9 % packing for optimal guest binding, with packing coefficients of up to 87 %. Re-examination of solution titration data for guest binding in two cases showed that, although conventional fluorescence titrations are consistent with 1:1 binding model, alternative forms of analysis—Job plot and an NMR titration—at higher concentrations do provide evidence for 1:2 H⋅G₂ complex formation. The observation of guests binding in pairs in some cases opens new possibilities for altered reactivity of bound guests, and also highlights the recently articulated difficulties associated with determining stoichiometry of supramolecular complexes in solution.     

SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DIAQUADI(2,2′'-BIPYRIDINE)DI(DICHLOROACETATO)LANTHANIDE(III) MONODICHLOROACETATO

Abstract

The title complexes, diaquadi(2,2″-bipyridine)di(dichloroacetato)lanthanide(III) monodichloroacetato [Ln(CHCl₂COO)₂(2,2′-bipy)₂(H₂O)₂]⁺(CHCl₂COO)^?(Ln = Dy, Ho, Tm, Er, Yb], were obtained and characterized. [Er(CHCl₂COO)₂(2,2′-bipy)₂(H₂O)₂]⁺(CHCl₂COO)^? crystallizes in the mooclinic space group P2₁/n with Z = 4. Cell dimensions are a = 15.886(9), b = 13.758(2), c = 16.343(4)Å, β = 113.31(3)°, and the structure was refined to an R of 0.049 for 3415 observed reflections. The Er(III) ion exhibits a distorted, square antiprismatic configuration. Four N atoms of 2,2′-bipy and four O atoms from two dichloroacetato and two water ligands are coordinated. One dichloroacetato group lies outside the polyhedron and is connected with water ligands by hydrogen bonds.