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1.
    
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used food contact materials due to its excellent mechanical properties and recyclability. Migration of substances from PET and assessment of compliance are usually determined by experimental testing, which can be challenging depending on the migrants of interest. Low concentrations and missing reference standards, among other factors, have led to inadequate investigation of the migration potential of PET oligomers. Migration modeling can overcome such limitations and is therefore a suitable starting point for exposure and risk assessment. In this study, the activation energy-based (EA) model and the AP model were used to systematically evaluate the migration potential of 52 PET oligomers for 12 different application scenarios. Modeling parameters and conditions were evaluated to investigate their impact and relevance on the assessment of realistic exposures. Obtained results were compared with safety thresholds known from the concept of toxicological thresholds of concern. This allowed the evaluation and identification of oligomers and/or applications where migration or exposure levels may be associated with a potential risk because they exceed these safety thresholds. Overall, this study demonstrated that migration modeling can be a high-throughput, fast, flexible, and suitable approach for comprehensive exposure assessment.  相似文献   

2.
食品和食品接触材料中矿物油的潜在危害性引起了国内外的普遍关注和深入研究。矿物油是石油提炼过程中的副产物,成分复杂,为分析检测带来了很大的挑战,也促使相关检测技术不断向前发展。目前,针对不同样品基质,已有多种提取、净化方法;国内外也先后建立起了固相萃取/气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱-气相色谱联用法、二维气相色谱法、核磁共振等测定方法。该文将对食品和食品接触材料中矿物油检测技术的应用及进展进行综述,并对新技术的发展进行展望,为后续的应用提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

3.
建立了46种增塑剂在聚氯乙烯(PVC)食品包装材料中的含量及其在水、3%乙酸、10%乙醇和橄榄油4种食品模拟物中迁移量的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法。食品包装材料、水质模拟物和橄榄油中增塑剂分别采用溶解-沉淀法、正己烷液-液萃取和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法提取。采用GC-MS法,在选择离子监测模式(SIM)下对46种增塑剂进行定性,采用外标法进行定量测定。各种增塑剂在0.1~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9910~0.9999,各组分检出限均在0.005~0.05 mg/kg之间。在2种食品模拟物中,3个浓度添加水平下46种增塑剂的加标回收率在69.51%~107.21%之间,精密度(RSD, n=6)为3.53%~18.95%。该方法可满足PVC食品接触制品及4种不同性质的食品模拟物中多种类增塑剂的快速筛查和准确定性、定量测定要求。  相似文献   

4.
A capillary electrophoresis method has been developed to determine 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and 1,3-dihydroxybenzene in the food simulants distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 15% ethanol, and olive oil. Both substances, used as monomers and additives to make food packaging plastics, could be analyzed within 15 min. The 1,4-dihydroxybenzene isomer was unretained and eluted with the electroosmotic flow, and so the CE method can give only a semi-quantitative estimate of this isomer if it is present as a migrant. The analytical recovery for the 1,2- and 1,3-isomers from spiked simulants was good at 87% to 98% except for 1,2-dihydroxybenzene which could only be recovered to the extent of 58% from olive oil. Calibration graphs were linear and the limit of detection for each substance was 0.6 mg/kg, which is well below migration limits for these substances. It is concluded that CE offers a rapid and reliable analysis for the control of migration from plastics intended for food contact which employ 1,2-dihydroxybenzene or 1,3-dihydroxybenzene during manufacture, and offers a screening method for 1,4-dihydroxybenzene migration.  相似文献   

5.
张涛  温亦兴 《广州化学》2013,38(2):19-26
随着材料科学的迅速发展,聚合物材料以不同的形态越来越广泛地应用于食品包装中。但是由于聚合物材料自身的特性及其改性加工,导致了很多低分子量化合物的形成,因而给食品安全性带来很大隐患,也危害着人们的身体健康。为了解决这一问题,在选用材料前,必须分析聚合物材料中低分子化合物的迁移情况,考虑迁移过程对包材使用的影响。实验中选用正庚烷、8%乙醇、50%乙醇和蒸馏水作为食品模拟液,用气相色谱测定聚苯乙烯提取物的迁移量,进而将实验数据分析比较。结果显示,迁移量随着温度的升高和时间的延长而不断增加,溶剂种类的影响为:正庚烷>50%乙醇>8%乙醇>蒸馏水。  相似文献   

6.
采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)建立了食品接触材料及制品中新戊二醇的测定方法。样品采用水、4%(体积分数,下同)乙酸、10%乙醇、20%乙醇、50%乙醇、95%乙醇和橄榄油作为食品模拟物进行迁移试验后,水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇浸泡液直接过滤进样,其他乙醇类模拟物浸泡液采用氮吹方式去除大部分乙醇后重新用水定容,橄榄油浸泡液采用10%乙醇萃取。经处理后的试液采用ACQUITYUPLC®BEHC18(50mm×2.1mm,1.7µm)色谱柱,以0.01%甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行检测,外标法定量。在优化条件下,新戊二醇在10~100µg/L(µg/kg)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999。在10、20、100µg/L(µg/kg)3个加标水平下,方法回收率为92.8%~117%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%~8.6%,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为5µg/L(µg/kg),定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为10µg/L(µg/kg)。该方法具有前处理简单易行、灵敏度高、稳定可靠的优点,涉及的食品模拟物基本包括相关法规和标准中规定的类型,方法LOD和LOQ均低于相关法规和标准中的限量要求,能够满足食品接触材料及制品中新戊二醇迁移量的检测需求,为相关产品监管和质量控制提供了可靠的技术手段。  相似文献   

7.
    
Migration kinetic data from general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) were generated for a set of model substances as well as styrene monomer and oligomers at different temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C) using food simulants stipulated in the European Regulation (EU) 10/2011 and real foods like milk, cream and olive oil (20 °C, 40 °C). The extent of polymer swelling was characterized gravimetrically and visual changes of the test specimens after migration contact were recorded. Isooctane and 95% ethanol caused strong swelling and visual changes of HIPS, overestimating real migration into foods especially at high temperatures; GPPS was affected by isooctane only at 60 °C. With 50% ethanol, after 10 days contact at 60 °C or 40 °C both polymers were slightly swollen. Contrary, most of the real foods analyzed caused no detectable swelling or visual changes of the investigated polymers. This study demonstrates that the recommendations provided by EU regulations are not always in agreement with the physicochemical properties of styrenic polymers. The critical point remains the selection of adequate food simulants/testing conditions, since the high overestimation of aggressive media can lead to non-compliance of polystyrene materials even if the migration into real food would be of no concern.  相似文献   

8.
采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了食品接触用纸和纸制品中乙烯亚胺迁移量的测定方法。以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液和甲醇作为流动相,使用电喷雾离子源对目标物进行电离,采用多反应监测模式进行测定。结果表明,乙烯亚胺在4%乙酸、10%乙醇、95%乙醇与异辛烷模拟物中的线性范围为0.003~0.05mg/L,检出限为1μg/L;在橄榄油模拟物中的线性范围为0.003~0.05mg/kg,检出限为1μg/kg。各食品模拟物中,乙烯亚胺的加标回收率为96.0%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~5.9%。采用该方法对20批次实际样品进行检测,有2批次检出乙烯亚胺。该方法简单快速,具有较高的准确性、灵敏度,适用于食品接触用纸和纸制品中乙烯亚胺迁移量的检测。  相似文献   

9.
PVC塑料包装中化学物总迁移的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
食品包装安全是食品安全的一个重要环节.食品容器、包装等接触材料与食品长期接触会发生迁移,分为总迁移(overall migration)和特定迁移(specific migration)[1].其中,特定迁移是指某一特定物质在食品包装或容器与食品接触过程中发生的迁移;总迁移是从塑料材料或制品样品到试验媒介的组分总体迁移量.就物质而言,有可知物与未知物,就过程而言,有包装向食品的迁移,也有食品向包装的渗透、吸收等.进行总迁移实验有助于更全面了解一种材料与食品接触会发生的总体变化,对特定迁移的研究起有辅助与补充作用.欧盟对于食品模拟物、样品及前处理[2]、迁移测试方法[3]都有相应规定[4],本实验采用整体浸泡法,研究了PVC材料中化学物在不同食品模拟物中的总迁移.1 实验部分1.1 实验试剂和器材  相似文献   

10.
为评估食品接触用油墨中光引发剂的迁移风险,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了同时测定食品接触用油墨中20种光引发剂迁移量的方法。以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测模式对目标物的定量离子和定性离子进行监测,检测迁移实验后食品模拟物中的20种光引发剂。结果表明,该方法对20种光引发剂的色谱分离效果良好,各物质在0.02~0.5mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.01mg/kg,定量下限为0.02mg/kg。加标回收率为87.1%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~8.6%,在10款样品中共检出4类光引发剂。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于食品接触用油墨中20种光引发剂迁移量的检测。  相似文献   

11.
12.
建立了不同食品接触材料中5种乙醇胺类化合物迁移量的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法。以5种不同食品模拟物(水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇、50%乙醇、95%乙醇)浸泡样品,4%乙酸浸泡液经氮气吹干后用水复溶,其他浸泡液直接过滤后进样。采用氨基柱BEHAmide(50mm×21mm,17μm)分离,以乙腈-5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾源的正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,外标法定量。在优化条件下,5种乙醇胺类化合物在10~7500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0997,检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为03~50μg/kg和10~150μg/kg。在10~7500μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为902%~118%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为05%~88%。该方法高效灵敏、准确可靠,可满足相关检测的需求。  相似文献   

13.
The composting of organic solid waste, the mixture of fruit and vegetable leftovers enriched with night soil, was investigated in a closed thermally insulated reactor. It was found that 80.9 % of the original substrate biodegraded after 14 days. A mathematical model of the column reactor was proposed where the biodegradation rate of the organic solid waste was described using simple n-thorder kinetics. A good prediction of process performance was obtained using the proposed kinetics and experimentally obtained reaction heat. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.  相似文献   

14.
建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)联用方法用于快速测定水基食品模拟物(10%乙醇、30 g/L乙酸和20%乙醇)中28种芳香族伯胺的迁移量。用水基食品模拟物浸泡待测样品中一定时间(在100 ℃条件下)后,冷却至室温并混匀,所得浸泡液经亲水性聚四氟乙烯针头式过滤器过滤后,直接进行HPLC-MS/MS测定。采用Agilent Zorbax SB-Phenyl柱,以水和0.1%甲酸-25%乙腈-甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离;质谱具电喷雾离子源,在正离子和分段式多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测。结果表明,方法定量限为0.002~10 μg/L,在5~100 μg/L或10~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.995);在10、20、40 μg/L水平的加标回收率为76.6%~114%,相对标准偏差为1.53%~8.97%。该方法样品前处理简单快速,色谱分离效果和线性关系好,检出限较低、回收率和准确度高,且完全满足欧盟(EU)No 10/2011法规中对芳香族伯胺特定迁移量的限量要求。该方法已成功应用于30批次出口欧盟的食品接触材料相关制品中芳香族伯胺特定迁移量的检测。  相似文献   

15.
采用改性聚苯醚多孔聚合物微球TenaxTA为干性食品模拟物,用于纤维素纸基食品接触材料中3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCP)向TenaxTA迁移的研究,以超高效液相色谱进行测定。迁移试验以白卡纸和牛皮纸为研究对象,通过设计不同迁移时间和迁移温度下3种目标物向TenaxTA迁移的实验,获取有机化合物从纸基纤维素向TenaxTA迁移的规律。结果表明,有机化合物从纸基材料向多孔聚合物微球的迁移经历了气体吸附和脱附两个步骤。在TenaxTA吸附目标化合物的过程中,纤维素纸基材料的微观孔径尺寸越大,与迁移物的相互作用越小,迁移物迁移的速率越大,TenaxTA的吸附效率越高;当吸附达到平衡后,迁移时间的延长会引发TenaxTA中迁移物的脱附,进而导致目标化合物的迁移率下降。对45种纸基食品接触材料中目标迁移物的筛查表明,BHA和DCP分别存在于两种不同类型的纸基食品接触材料中,迁移量分别为0.027μg/dm2和0.81μg/dm2,均小于欧盟指令规定的特定迁移限量。  相似文献   

16.
21世纪的绿色食品包装材料——可食性包装材料   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了新型绿色环保可食性包装材料的特性,并按其制备来源进行了分类,对其现存问题及发展趋势作了概要阐述。  相似文献   

17.
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP–MS),在不同的模拟迁移条件(模拟物、盛放温度、接触时间、乙酸浓度、使用次数等)下,研究聚酯类食品包装材料中二氧化钛在6种食品模拟物(水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇、65%乙醇、正己烷和异辛烷)中的迁移规律。结果显示:食品模拟物的属性对迁移行为有显著影响,迁移量随温度的升高及时间的延长而增加,食品的酸性越强,二氧化钛的迁移量越大。因此需适量控制聚酯类食品包装材料的反复使用次数、盛放食品时的温度和时间以降低二氧化钛迁出风险。  相似文献   

18.
研究了5种不同碳酸钙含量的PLA/PBAT/CaCO3复合膜中的钙在40℃和70℃下向3%乙酸食品模拟物的迁移及向3种食品模拟物(3%乙酸、10%乙醇、95%乙醇)的总迁移,探究了复合膜中碳酸钙含量与总迁移的关系,并研究了紫外老化处理对迁移的影响。结果表明,5种复合膜向3%乙酸中的总迁移量均超过总迁移限值(OML),且总迁移主要受复合膜中碳酸钙含量的影响,钙浓度与总迁移量呈线性关系。同时,随着复合膜中碳酸钙含量的增加,钙的迁移量增加,且不同碳酸钙含量的复合膜均在短时间内达到迁移平衡(40℃,4h)。将复合膜紫外老化处理较长时间(24h以上)会导致钙的迁移量减少,可能的原因是紫外照射引起聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)的交联反应,从而抑制了钙的迁移。此类生物降解复合膜作为食品接触材料的安全性值得进一步关注和研究。  相似文献   

19.
UV-ink photoinitiators (PIs), which are used to initiate polymerization reaction for the curing of inks and lacquers, have become a kind of contaminant residues in printing plastic food packaging. The residual PIs in packaging may pose a potential threat to customers. In this work, migration behaviors of 13 PIs from a polyethylene (PE) packaging to food simulants according to regulation EU No 10/2011 were studied by supercritical fluid chromatography combined with photodiode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-PDA-MS/MS). The method simultaneously analyzed 13 PIs within 4.5 min and was sensitively with low limits of detection of 0.02–2.16 μg/L, which could meet high throughput analysis for control the quality of food packaging. The migration results revealed that Irgacure 819, Darocure 1173 and TPO, which had low migration rates, should be preferably selected by plastic food packaging manufacture for food safety.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

Migration tests of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from a grease-proof paperbag used for packaging of pet food have been carried out. No migration of perfluorocaboxylic acids (PFCAs), from PFBA to PFTeDA, to the simulant Tenax® was found after 10 days at 40°C. However, the increase of temperature in the range 80–160°C gave rise to the migration of the PFCAs. Finally, the migration to real foods such as lyophilised whole and low-fat milk samples at 80 and 120°C was studied. The results indicate that the migration percentages of the PFCASs into food samples are much higher than those obtained into Tenax®.  相似文献   

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