Noether Symmetry of Three-Order Lagrangian Equations

Based on the three-order Lagrangian equation, pseudo-Hamilton actoon I^＊ is defined and the three-order Hamilton＇s principle and the conditions are obtained in the paper. Then, the Noether symmetry about three-order Lagrangian equations is deduced. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

Lie Symmetry and Conserved Quantity of Three-Order Lagrangian Equations for Non-conserved Mechanical System

Based on the infinitesimal and one parameter transformation, the problem of Lie symmetry of three-order Lagrangian equations has been studied. Under Lie transformation, the sufficient and necessary condition which keeps three-order Lagrangian equations to be unchanged and the invariant are obtained in this paper.     

保持对称性的二维Lagrange流体力学有限差分方法

广泛应用的二维直角坐标系下的Wilkins有限差分格式在计算一维柱面问题时,通过等角度划分周向网格能够获得严格的对称性,非等角度划分周向网格会产生较严重的不对称性.通过分析Wilkins有限差分格式在处理非等角度划分周向网格的一维柱面问题时破坏对称性的原因,指出周向网格的非等角度划分产生了周向压力分量,从而产生了周向加速度分量和周向运动速度,以此为基础提出一种对该有限差分格式进行修正的方法,将节点处的周向压力分量做算术平均运算,以消除周向压力分量,只剩径向压力分量起作用.因而该修正方法在以任意角度划分周向网格的条件下都能够保持严格的对称性.通过几个典型算例验证该结论,对对称流动,修正方法与原始方法所获得的结果一致,对非对称流动,二者有微小差异.     

Implementation of Conformal Covariance by Diffeomorphism Symmetry

Every locally normal representation of a local chiral conformal quantum theory is covariant with respect to global conformal transformations, if this theory is diffeomorphism covariant in its vacuum representation. The unitary, strongly continuous representation implementing conformal symmetry is constructed; it consists of operators which are inner in a global sense for the representation of the quantum theory. The construction is independent of positivity of energy and applies to all locally normal representations irrespective of their statistical dimensions (index)     

Calculation of Quark Condensate in Nuclear Matter with the Chiral Symmetry Spontaneous Breaking Lagrangian

Using the chiral symmetry spontaneous breaking Lagrangian with mean-field approximation, we investigate the in-medium quark condensate 〈qq〉. It is found that the condensate decreases as the nuclear matter density ρ increases. Meanwhile, the desent deviates from the linear decrease and becomes remarkably slow as the density of the nuclear matter further increases. It shows that the chiral symmetry spontaneous breaking is only partially restored in densed nuclear matter.     

Lagrange系统对称性的摄动与Hojman型绝热不变量

研究Lagrange系统对称性的摄动与绝热不变量.列出未受扰Lagrange系统的Lie对称性导致的Hojman守恒量；基于力学系统的高阶绝热不变量的定义，研究在小扰动作用下Lagrange系统Lie对称性的摄动，得到了系统的一类Hojman形式的绝热不变量.并举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： Lagrange系统 对称性 摄动 绝热不变量     

Derivation of the Bosonic Part of the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian from a General Underlying Technicolor Theory

Bosonic part of SU(2)L U(1)Y effective chiral Lagrangian for electroweak symmetry breaking is derived from an underlying technicolor theory with no approximation. The underlying theory is assumed to be the most general gauge theory without fundamental scalars. A condensate is required to exist in the theory which breaks SU(2)L U(1)Y dynamically to U(1)em and the anomaly of the theory caused by gauge interaction must be cancelled. The formulation offers general definitions in terms of underlying theory for the low energy constants in effective chiral Lagrangian.``     

Two-spinor Formulation of First-Order Gravity Coupled to Dirac Fields

A two-spinor formalism for the Einstein Lagrangian is developed. The gravitational field is regarded as a composite object derived from soldering forms. Our formalism is geometrically and globally well-defined and may be used in virtually any 4m-dimensional manifold with arbitrary signature as well as without any stringent topological requirement on space-time, such as parallelizability. Interactions and feedbacks between gravity and spinor fields are considered. As is well known, the Hilbert–Einstein Lagrangian is second order also when expressed in terms of soldering forms. A covariant splitting is then analysed leading to a first-order Lagrangian which is recognized to play a fundamental role in the theory of conserved quantities. The splitting and thence the first-order Lagrangian depend on a reference spin connection which is physically interpreted as setting the zero level for conserved quantities. A complete and detailed treatment of conserved quantities is then presented.     

The Lagrangian and the Lie symmetries of charged particle motion in homogeneous electromagnetic field

In this paper, a constant of motion of charged particle motion in homogeneous electromagnetic field is derived from Newton's equations and the characteristics of partial differential equation, the related Lagrangian is also given by means of the obtained constant of motion. By discussing the Lie symmetry for this classical system, this paper obtains the general expression of the conserved quantity. It is shown that the conserved quantity is the same as the constant of motion in essence.     

Noether-Symmetry Analysis using Alternative Lagrangian Representations

We have sought to work with an approach to Noether symmetry analysis which uses the properties of infinitesimal point transformations in the space-time (q, t) variable to establish the association between symmetries and conservation laws of a dynamical system. In this approach symmetries are expressed in the form of generators. We have studied the variational or Noether symmetries of two uncoupled Harmonic oscillators and two such oscillators coupled by an interaction. Both these systems can have alternative Lagrangian representations. We have studied in detail how the association between symmetries and conservation laws changes as one alters the analytic or Lagrangian representation. This analysis is carried out with a view to explicitly demonstrate that the correlation between symmetry transformation and corresponding invariant quantity depends crucially on the choice of the analytic representation. PACS 45.20.Jj, 45.20.df, 45.20.dh     

Sea quark contributions to nucleon electromagnetic form factors with the nonlocal chiral effective Lagrangian

The sea quark contributions to the nucleon electromagnetic form factors of the up,down and strange quarks are studied with the nonlocal chiral effective Lagrangian.Both octet and decuplet intermediate states are included in the one loop calculations.Compared with the strange quark form factors,although their signs are the same,the absolute value of the light quark form factors are much larger.For both the electric and magnetic form factors,the contribution of the d quark is larger than of the u quark.The current lattice simulations of the light sea quark form factors are in between our results for the u and d quarks.     

Derivation of the Bosonic Part of the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian from a General Underlying Technicolor Theory

Bosonic part of SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_Y effective chiral Lagrangian for electroweak symmetry breaking is derived from an underlying technicolor theory with no approximation. The underlying theory is assumed to be the most general gauge theory without fundamental scalars. A condensate is required to exist in the theory which breaks SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_Y dynamically to U(1)_em and the anomaly of the theory caused by gauge interaction must be cancelled. The formulation offers general definitions in terms of underlying theory for the low energy constants in effective chiral Lagrangian.     

关于Lagrange系统和Hamilton系统的Mei对称性

对Lagrange 系统和Hamilton系统Mei对称性的研究表明，Mei对称性的两种表述对Lagrange系统是等价的，给出一类Mei对称性，而对Hamilton系统不等价，给出两类Mei对称性. 关键词： Lagrange系统 Hamilton系统 Mei对称性 守恒量     

On the Uniqueness of Diffeomorphism Symmetry in Conformal Field Theory

A Möbius covariant net of von Neumann algebras on S¹ is diffeomorphism covariant if its Möbius symmetry extends to diffeomorphism symmetry. We prove that in case the net is either a Virasoro net or any at least 4-regular net such an extension is unique: the local algebras together with the Möbius symmetry (equivalently: the local algebras together with the vacuum vector) completely determine it. We draw the two following conclusions for such theories. (1) The value of the central charge c is an invariant and hence the Virasoro nets for different values of c are not isomorphic as Möbius covariant nets. (2) A vacuum preserving internal symmetry always commutes with the diffeomorphism symmetries. We further use our result to give a large class of new examples of nets (even strongly additive ones), which are not diffeomorphism covariant; i.e. which do not admit an extension of the symmetry to Diff⁺(S¹).Supported in part by the Italian MIUR and GNAMPA-INDAM.     

Lagrange系统一类新型的非Noether绝热不变量——Lutzky型绝热不变量

研究了Lagrange系统的Lie对称性摄动与新型的非Noether绝热不变量. 列出了未受扰Lagrange系统的Lie对称性导致的Lutzky型精确不变量；基于力学系统的高阶绝热不变量的定义，研究在小扰动作用下Lagrange系统Lie对称性的摄动，得到了系统的一类Lutzky形式的绝热不变量.举例说明方法和结果的应用.     

Lagrangian reduction of generalized nonholonomic systems

In this paper we study the Lagrangian reduction of generalized nonholonomic systems (GNHS) with symmetry. We restrict ourselves to those GNHS, defined on a configuration space Q$Q$, with kinematic constraints given by a general submanifold _CK⊂TQ$C_K\subset TQ$, and variational constraints given by a distribution _CV$C_V$ on Q$Q$. We develop a reduction procedure that is similar to that for nonholonomic systems satisfying d’Alembert’s principle, i.e. with _CK$C_K$ a distribution and _CV=_CK$C_V=C_K$. Special care is taken in identifying the geometrical structures and mappings involved. We illustrate the general theory with an example.     

沿时间逐步求解应力的拉格朗日分析方法研究

拉格朗日分析方法是通过测量各个拉格朗日位置处的物理量历程来分析材料内部该位置处的其他物理量的变化,进而认识材料的动态力学性能.但现有的拉格朗日分析方法在已知粒子速度情况下,求解方法仍有不足.针对这一情况,提出了沿时间逐步求解方法,该方法能够在不做任何假定的情况下求解出应力,从而从根本上解决了只测量粒子速度这一物理量时求解应力的困难.并利用该方法对一组混凝土在冲击作用下的实验数据进行了处理,计算得到了相应的应变波形、应力波形以及加、卸载全过程的应力-应变曲线,进而揭示出混凝上材料与应变率相关的弹-塑性本构关系的特征.     

从Sn质子滴线核到Sn中子滴线核的自旋对称性和赝自旋对称性

在球形相对论平均场模型下, 采用NLSH相互作用全面研究了从Sn质子滴线核到Sn中子滴线核的自旋对称性和赝自旋对称性. 发现: 1) 随着核子数的增大, 中子和质子的赝自旋波函数劈裂基本上都是减小的, 并且质子的变化趋势更加明显. 中子高能级的自旋波函数劈裂随着核子数的增大也是减小的. 2) 对于特定的同位素, 当n=1时, 赝自旋波函数劈裂随着l的增大而增大. 当n=2时, 中子的自旋波函数劈裂随着l的增大而增大. 当l=2或l=3时, 中子的自旋波函数劈裂随着n的增大而增大. 3) 中子和质子的赝自旋劈裂之间的差别总是比自旋劈裂的差别更大一些.