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1.
It is shown that the wave functions for isobaric analog, double isobaric analog, configuration, and double configuration states may simultaneously have components corresponding to nn, np, and pp halos. The difference in the halo structure between the ground and excited states of a nucleus may lead to the formation of halo isomers. A halo structure of both Borromean and tango types can be observed for np configurations. The structure of ground and excited states with various isospins in halo-like nuclei is discussed. The reduced probabilities B() and B() for gamma transitions in 6?8Li, 8?10Be, 8,10,11B, 10?14C, 13?17N, 15?17,19O, and 17F nuclei are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the cases where the ground state of a nucleus does not have a halo structure, but where its excited state may have it.  相似文献   

2.
The (t, p) reaction on the 9Be nucleus is analyzed using the mechanisms of dineutron stripping and 8Li heavy cluster stripping. It is shown that in the shell model, the wave function of the 11Be(1/2+) nucleus formed by adding two neutrons to the 9Be nucleus is constructed from a 10Be(0+) core and a 2s-neutron. This concept of the 11Be(1/2+) structure allows us to calculate the reduced width of tritium and a dineutron with a relative orbital angular momentum equal to 1. The differential cross section of the (t, p) reaction is calculated with allowance for the contribution from both mechanisms. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental cross sections of dineutron stripping at narrow angles θp confirms the shell model can be used to describe the states of nuclei with complex structure and mixed configurations of different shells.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of the Pauli exclusion principle on the relative motion of colliding light neutron-rich nuclei is investigated within a microscopic method for the examples of the 11Be + n and 10Be + 2 n reactions. The effective interaction of nuclei that is due to the change in the kinetic energy of their relative motion under the effect of the antisymmetrization operator is analyzed on the basis of a discrete representation of harmonic-oscillator states allowed by the Pauli exclusion principle. It is concluded that the bound state of the 12Be nucleus owes its origin to the impact of exchange effects on the operator of the kinetic energy of the relative motion of the neutron and the 11Be nucleus. The structure of the 12Be ground state is discussed in the approximation of two coupled cluster configurations. The cross section for the inelastic-scattering reaction 11Be(n, 2 n)10Be is estimated.  相似文献   

4.
The results obtained by estimating the contribution of 8Be and 9B nuclei to the coherent dissociation of 10C, 10B, and 12C relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsions (“white” stars) are presented. The selection of white stars accompanied by 9B leads to a distinct peak appearing in the distribution of the excitation energy of 2α2p ensembles and having a maximum at 4.1 ± 0.3 MeV. A 8Be nucleus manifests itself in the coherent-dissociation reaction 10B → 2He + H with a probability of (25 ± 5)%, (14 ± 3)% of it being due to 9B decays. The ratio of the branching fractions of the 9B + n and 9Be + p mirror channels is estimated at 6 ± 1. An analysis of the relativistic dissociation of 12C nuclei in a nuclear track emulsion revealed nine 3α events corresponding to the Hoyle state.  相似文献   

5.
The capabilities and limitations of the conventional many-particle shell model and modern potential cluster models are discussed. New revaluated and more accurate calculations of one-nucleon spectroscopic characteristics of the light nuclei of 1p shell are presented. In many-particle shell model for nuclei with A = 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 nucleon partial widths of highly excited states with the isotopic spin T = 3/2 were calculated both for “allowed” and “forbidden” transitions. One-nucleon spectroscopic factors were calculated in threebody multicluster models of 6Li{αnp}, 8Li{αtn}, and 9Be{ααn} nuclei. For isobar-analogue nuclei 7Li and 7Be, the spectroscopic proton S p and neutron S n factors for transitions to the ground and excited states of corresponding residue nuclei of the triplet 6Li-6He-6Be were calculated in the framework of binary potential αtand ατ models. Integral, differential and polarization characteristics of photonuclear processes 7Li(γ, n 0)6Li, 6He(p, γ0 + 1)7Li, 7Li(γ, p 0)6He, and 9Be(γ, p 0 + 1)8Li were calculated in this approach.  相似文献   

6.
The spectra of p, d, and t charged particles produced in stopped-pion absorption by nuclei are analyzed. Respective measurements were performed for 17 nuclei by means of a semiconductor spectrometer. A phenomenological model developed previously for medium-heavy and heavy nuclei was applied to describing the spectra and yields of charged particles originating from light nuclei (6,7Li, 9Be, 10,11B, and 12C). The contribution of intranuclear clusters (such as pp and 3,4He) to pion absorption was estimated.  相似文献   

7.
It is shown that when the parent nucleus has nn Borromean halo structure, then after Gamow–Teller (GT) β-decay of parent state or after M1 γ-decay of Isobar Analogue Resonance (IAR) the states with np tango halo structure or mixed np tango + nn Borromean halo structure can be populated. Resonances in the GT β-decay strength function Sβ(E) of halo nuclei, may have np tango halo structure or mixed np tango + nn Borromean halo structure. Correct interpretation of halo structure is important in experiments on β-decay study, interpretation of M1 γ-decay of IAR, and charge-exchange nuclear reactions analysis.  相似文献   

8.
The four-particle photodisintegration of a carbon nucleus in the reactions 12C(γ, p)3H2α and 12C(γ, n)3H2α is investigated by a method that employs a diffusion chamber in a magnetic field. It is shown that these reactions proceed according a sequential-type scheme: excited states of 11B and 11C nuclei decay to weakly excited states of 8Be, 7Li, and 7Be nuclei. It is concluded that nucleons are knocked out from the s shell. In the excitation curve for the 2α system in the reaction 12C(γ, p)3H2α, a resonance is found between the maxima corresponding to the ground and the first excited state of the 8Be nucleus, and this resonance is identified as a ghost anomaly. The branching fractions of the decay modes are determined. The angular distributions of nucleons in the reaction c.m. frame are measured. The energy dependence of the asymmetry coefficient for the angular distributions is obtained. A fast increase in this coefficient is observed in the energy range 38–40 MeV. It is concluded that the asymmetry coefficient depends on the excitation energy of the final nucleus in the region of intermediate photon energies.  相似文献   

9.
On the basis of the shell model with an extended basis, the structure of 9Li-9Be to 11Li-11Be nuclei is examined with allowance for the competition of jj coupling and Majorana exchange forces via considering the sequential addition of neutrons, and the respective wave functions are determined. A formalism for calculating the spectroscopic factor for a dineutron and for individual neutrons in nuclei whose wave functions incorporate the mixing of shell configurations is developed. The reactions 9Li(t, p)11Li and 9Be(t, p)11Be treated with allowance for the mechanisms of dineutron stripping and a sequential transfer of two neutrons are considered as an indicator of the proposed structure of lithium and berylliumisotopes. The parameters of the optical potentials, the wave functions for the bound states of transferred particles, and the interaction potentials corresponding to them are determined from a comparison of the theoretical angular distribution of protons from the reaction 9Be(t, p)11Be with its experimental counterpart. It is shown that a dineutron periphery of size about 6.4 fm is present in the 11Li nucleus and that a single-neutron periphery of size about 8 fm is present in the 11Be nucleus.  相似文献   

10.
The structure of radioactive beams is investigated using the simplest possible probe: the proton used as a target in inverse kinematic reactions. From (p, p′) reactions, information on the neutron and proton transition densities is obtained through the comparison between the measured inelastic cross sections and the ones calculated using a microscopic potential and theoretical densities. (p, p′) inelastic scattering data to the first excited state for the halo nucleus 6He and for other nuclei 34Ar and 34,36S have been measured at GANIL using the MUST telescopes. This allows one to extract the global features of the transition densities, as shown for the halo nucleus 6He. We can also probe the evolution of the shell structure along isotopic chains in moving towards the neutron or proton drip lines. The example of the sulfur isotopic chain is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
A non-local, separable potential which matches the phase shifts up to 320 MeV and gives saturation for nuclear matter in the first order at a Fermi-momentum ofk F =1.6 f?1 with an energy per particle of ?8 MeV has been constructed byTabakin. We have employed this potential for calculations of finite nuclei using the Fermi-gas-model. The binding energy has been minimalized with respect to two parametersb andc (the surface-thickness and the radius of the nucleus). However the calculations show that an arbitrarily sharp surface is possible.  相似文献   

12.
A method for determining the radii of excited states of nuclei by means of (3He, t) charge-exchange reactions was proposed. Two versions of a comparison of differential cross sections for (3He, t) reactions were considered. The first relies on a comparison with cross sections for inelastic-scattering processes leading to the formation of isobaric analog states, while the second involves (3He, t) reactions leading to the production of the ground state. The two versions in question yield similar results and make it possible to determine the radius of the first excited state of the 13N nucleus. This state has the excitation energy of E* = 2.37 MeV, lying above the proton-emission threshold. The resulting radius proved to be enhanced in relation to the ground state and is close to the radius of the 3.09-MeV isobaric analog state of the 13С nucleus, which has a neutron halo. This permitted drawing the conclusion that the 13N nucleus in the 2.37-MeV state has a proton halo. The possibility of revealing a proton halo in other states of light nuclei is considered.  相似文献   

13.
The differential cross sections for elastic proton scattering on the unstable neutron-rich nuclei 8Li and 9Li at E = 700 and 60 MeV per nucleon were considered. The 8Li nucleus was treated on the basis of the three-body α-t-n model, while the 9Li nucleus was considered within the α-t-n and 7Li-n-n models. The cross sections in question were calculated within Glauber diffraction theory. A comparison of the results with available experimental data made it possible to draw conclusions on the quality of the wave functions and potential used in the calculations.  相似文献   

14.
The features of the distant interaction of thermal and slow neutrons with nuclei are examined. From the Dirac equation analysis it was shown that this interaction is determined by the potential barrier located outside the nucleus. The height of the barrier is proportional to Z 2/A 4/3 and reaches 110eV for even-even nuclei like U238 and 25-65eV for even-odd U235 , U233 , Pu241 nuclei. This barrier is connected with the non-linear ponderomotive interaction of the neutron abnormal magnetic moment with the strong electric field of a nucleus. The barrier penetrability for thermal neutrons equals 0.9-0.98. For cold neutrons the penetrability decreases greatly and for ultracold ones it becomes very small. At unlimited decrease of the neutron energy, E \( \rightarrow\) 0 , the cross-section of any neutron-nucleus reaction \( \sigma_{{f(tot)}}^{}\) \( \rightarrow\) 0 . So such reactions become impossible. In this work the existence of separated neutron potential wells symmetrically located at r 0 \( \approx\) (1.3-4.5)×10-12 cm \( \approx\) (1.7-5)×R from even-odd U235 , U233 , Pu241 nuclei is predicted. These wells with depths 0.1-5eV are the result of combined ponderomotive and pure magnetic interactions of the neutron abnormal magnetic moment with nucleus electric and magnetic fields. The presence of distant wells leads to the possibility of the existence of virtual or quasi-stationary neutron-nucleus molecules. Such wells can be virtual traps for thermal and cold neutrons. It was predicted that the neutron halo phenomenon may be connected with such traps.  相似文献   

15.
The α-cluster model involving dispersion is adapted to the case of the 9Be nucleus. Two configurations of the ground state of this nucleus are employed in calculations: (i) a core (8Be nucleus) and a complementary cluster (neutron), which oscillates with the highest probability about the center of mass of the core, and (ii) an isosceles triangle formed by two alpha-particle clusters and a neutron. Polarization observables of elastic proton scattering on 9Be nuclei are calculated on basis of this approach and the theory of multiple diffractive scattering. The results of these calculations are in good agreement with available experimental data.  相似文献   

16.
Hypernuclei are used to study the baryon-baryon weak interaction and associated effective weak Hamiltonian. We will show how the proper choice of hypernucleus can be used to pick out components of the effective weak Hamiltonian. It is well known that removing one nucleon from 9Be or 9B results in 8Be* with a subsequent αα decay. Through this unique process, it would be possible to identify final states of the residual nucleus. So, due to these specific properties of the core nuclei 9Be and 9B, it may be possible to measure the branching fractions Γ ααi n(p) for the exclusive decays of the Λ 10 Be ( Λ 10 B) hypernuclei.  相似文献   

17.
An experimental search for the superheavy hydrogen isotope 6H was conducted through studying the absorption of stopped π?-mesons by 9Be and 11B nuclei. A structure in the missing mass spectrum caused by the resonance states of 6H was observed in three reaction channels, namely, 9Be(π?, pd)X, 11B(π?, d3He)X, and 11B(π?, p4He)X. The parameters of the lowest state Er=6.6±0.7 MeV and Γ=5.5±2.0 MeV (Er is the resonance energy with respect to the disintegration into the triton and three neutrons) are evidence that 6H is a more weakly bound system than 4H and 5H. Three excited states of 6H were observed. Their resonance levels (E1r=10.7±0.7 MeV, Γ1r=4±2 MeV, E2r=15.3±0.7 MeV, Γ 2r=3±2 MeV, and E3r=21.3±0.4 MeV, Γ3r=3.5±1.0 MeV) are energetically capable of disintegrating into six free nucleons.  相似文献   

18.
In the multiquantum approximation of the orthogonal scheme, specific calculations for the energies and radii of the 4 8 Be nucleus are performed with allowance for all states characterized by the λ=[44] Young diagram, the quantum numbers Kmin and Kmin+2 of the O(3(A?1)) group, and the quantum numbers E=K+2N (N≤9) of the U(3(A?1)) group. The convergence of the results with respect to the extension of the basis is studied, and the structure of relevant wave functions is revealed. The results of these calculations are compared with the results obtained in the analogous approximation of the unitary scheme.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The relative yields of multiparticle photoneutron reactions on the 209Be isotope with emission of two to seven neutrons from the nucleus are measured. The experiment was carried out with the bremsstrahlung beam from the RTM-70 pulsed race-track microtron (INP, MSU) with a maximum photon energy E γ m = 67.7 MeV.  相似文献   

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