有机改性膨润土对己唑醇水悬浮体系物理稳定性的影响

利用4种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂（十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1427)、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(1631)和十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(1831)）分别对钠基膨润土（Na-Ben）进行有机改性,制得4种有机膨润土（1227-Ben、1427-Ben、1631-Ben和1831-Ben）并进行了红外光谱及X射线分析,考察了4种有机膨润土在水中的悬浮性能及对5%己唑醇水悬体系物理稳定性能的影响。 FT-IR及XRD分析结果表明,供试季铵盐阳离子的有机碳链均进入到膨润土的片层间。 水中悬浮性能测定实验表明,1831-Ben在水中悬浮性能相对较好,而其它3种均不理想,特别是1227-Ben和1427-Ben表现出强烈的斥水现象。 沉降试验表明,有机膨润土的使用有助于5%己唑醇水悬浮剂物理稳定性的提高,其中用1831-Ben制备出的水悬浮体系的物理稳定性明显优于其它3种,制剂析水率最低,屈服值与粘度最大,体系悬浮率最高,可见1831-Ben可以用作5%己唑醇水悬浮剂的抗沉降剂。     

有机改性膨润土对水中钙黄绿素的吸附性能

在微波作用下用十六烷基溴化吡啶(CPB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和盐酸萘乙二胺(NETH)对天然膨润土进行改性,制得了CPB-膨润土(CPB-Bt)、CTMAB-膨润土(CTMAB-Bt)和NETH-膨润土(NETH-Bt),并比较了它们对水中钙黄绿素的吸附性能.结果表明,在钙黄绿素浓度25 mg·L-1、...     

不同松香改性树脂对农药可分散油悬浮剂物理稳定性的影响

研究了添加松香及其改性氢化松香甘油酯、氢化松香季戊四醇酯、松香改性对特辛基苯酚树脂对以油酸甲酯为介质的12.5%氰霜唑·吡唑醚菌酯可分散油悬浮剂物理稳定性及流变特性的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱表征结果表明,与松香酸相比,氢化松香甘油酯、氢化松香季戊四醇酯和松香改性对特辛基苯酚树脂的羧基吸收峰消失且出现酯基的特征吸收峰。实验中,随加成烷基醇碳链的延长,软化点升高。且随着树脂的质量分数增加,制剂的粘度提高,物理稳定性也相应提高(析油率降低)。流变结果表明,添加松香改性树脂的可分散油悬浮剂体系呈正触变性,且树脂种类对体系的屈服值影响较大,具体表现为:松香改性对特辛基苯酚>氢化松香季戊四醇酯>氢化松香甘油酯>松香,制剂的物理稳定性也呈现相同的趋势。因此,松香改性树脂具有作为可分散油悬浮剂物理稳定剂的应用潜力。     

酸洗对桦甸油页岩矿物质以及有机结构的影响

基于FT-IR和XRD技术研究了逐级酸洗对桦甸油页岩矿物质以及有机结构的影响。结果表明,采用HCl/HF酸洗方法可以有效去除黄铁矿以外的矿物质,但盐酸处理破坏油页岩中高岭石的立体框架结构。油页岩中有机质以脂肪族结构为主,存在形式为无序非晶态聚合体且变质程度较低。酸洗处理对油页岩有机大分子结构影响很小,但对有机结构产生了一定的影响。盐酸处理主要影响含氧官能团和苯环结构,会生成大量羧酸并破坏苯环的多环结构,但对脂肪族化合物的影响较小。氢氟酸处理主要对脂肪族化合物产生影响,破坏脂肪链的桥键结构,脂肪链断裂变短,进而使样品中脂肪族化合物含量降低。盐酸和氢氟酸处理均会破坏油页岩的羟基官能团,尤其对自缔合羟基氢键影响最大。     

凝聚相有机磷酸酯红外光谱解析研究中计算机的应用

为了更方便有效地进行凝聚相有机磷酸酯的红外光谱规律及谱图解析的研究,利用计算机的软、硬件技术设计出一套用于微机的光谱辅助分析软件包,功能齐全,操作灵活,可完成多种化合物分类模式检索;可进行多谱图叠加,吸收峰直方图的显示,峰的自动识别及范围确定;可进行差谱分析;谱图显示操作灵活,可进行绘图仪输出。在实际分析应用中有较好的效果。     

活性炭的表面化学改性及其对有机硫化物的吸附性能的研究

活性炭; 表面化学改性; 有机硫化物; 吸附性     

有机改性凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能研究

合成了十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性的凹凸棒土吸附剂,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸的吸附行为。通过FTIR、TG对改性前后凹凸棒土进行表征。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵成功结合到凹凸棒土表面,结合到凹凸棒土表面的量为9.78%。在25℃时,腐殖酸在吸附剂上吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,初始浓度为54.60~200.20mg/L时,ATP-CTAC对腐殖酸的最大吸附量为253mg/g;温度对吸附行为影响不大;改性后的凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附随pH的增大而降低;改性后的凹凸棒土显著地提高了对腐殖酸的吸附量。     

有机改性二氧化硅及其负载钴催化剂的费托合成反应性能

利用硅烷化作用分别制得了甲基、二甲基和三甲基改性的SiO2载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了质量分数为5%的一系列负载型钴催化剂.考察了有机改性对催化剂费托合成催化性能的影响.结果表明,SiO2经有机基团改性后,表面硅羟基浓度减小,削弱了钴硅之间的相互作用,促进了催化剂的还原,提高了催化剂的活性,降低了甲烷选择性.由于空间位阻不同,不同有机基团改性的SiO2的表面硅羟基浓度不同,催化剂活性随着表面硅羟基浓度的减小而提高.     

染料掺杂有机改性硅酸盐的制备与光谱特性

1988年Pavlopoulos等人发现1,3,5,7-四甲基吡咯亚甲基BF₂化合物是一个性能优良的激光染料^[1].它的荧光量子效率高,激光效率比香豆素540A高10%,并具有低的三重态吸收和高的光化学稳定性.因此,在染料激光、生物荧光探针、光动力疗法等方面都有潜在的应用背景^[2~4].     

有机发光材料的电化学稳定性及其对器件稳定性的影响

有机发光器件（OLED）在平板显示和固体照明领域有着广阔的应用前景.过去的二十多年来,OLED的效率得到了大幅提升,但是器件的稳定性仍有待提高.在OLED器件中,通常认为载流子的传输涉及分子反复的氧化还原.因此,OLED材料的电化学性质是影响器件稳定性的重要因素.本文总结了近年来有关OLED材料电化学性质的研究进展,并重点探讨了材料的电化学稳定性与器件稳定性之间的关系.总结发现：（1）单极性材料的电化学不稳定性是导致器件衰减的本质原因之一;（2）双极性材料高度的电化学稳定性有助于提高器件的稳定性,但并不一定保证器件具有高稳定性;（3）有关材料分子结构的稳定性对器件稳定性的影响以及器件的本征衰变机制还有待深入研究.相信,对OLED发光材料稳定性和器件衰变机制的深入研究将有助于提高其他有机光电材料和器件的稳定性,从而推动有机电子学和相关产业的发展.     

Effect of preparation conditions on the thermal stability of an epoxy-functional inorganic-organic hybrid material system doped with Zr

An inorganic-organic hybrid material system consisting of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane and zirconium(IV) n-propoxide was prepared by the sol-gel method. The influence of processing parameters including Zr content, UV irradiation and sol ageing on the thermal stability of the resultant thin films was characterised by thermogravimetry. It was demonstrated that the crosslinking of epoxy groups in the structure was the primary reason for variation in the thermal stability of the system. As Zr and/or UV irradiation may be employed to crosslink the epoxy groups in the structure, the thermal stability of the system can be tuned by the optimal combination of these two crosslinking methods.     

Effect of preparation conditions on the thermal stability of an epoxy-functional inorganic-organic hybrid material system with phenyl side group

A hybrid material system consisting of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and dimethyldimethoxysilane as matrix materials and diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPDMS) as both a matrix material and a potential thermal stabiliser by the sol-gel method. A detailed thermogravimetric analysis study of the influence of processing parameters, including DPDMS content, UV irradiation and sol ageing, on the thermal stability of the resultant thin films was presented. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to monitor the changes in the relative amount of epoxy rings in the system during processing. It was demonstrated that the crosslinking of epoxy groups in the structure is the primary reason for changes in the thermal stability of the system. It was also shown that the thermal stability, in terms of 10% mass loss, of the material system could be improved up to 280 °C, by adjusting the preparation conditions, compatible with several subsequent high temperature optoelectronic integration processes.     

Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and physical properties of an epoxy-functional inorganic-organic hybrid material system

A hybrid material system consisting of (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane and zirconium(IV) n-propoxide was prepared. The influence of processing parameters including Zr content, UV irradiation and sol ageing on the properties of the resultant thin films was discussed. Refractive index, at 633 nm, and reflectance measurements were performed and near-field waveguide images of the samples were taken. Optical propagation loss measurements, at 633 nm, were studied. Film thickness and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images were obtained as a function of process conditions. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to monitor chemical reaction pathways in the system during processing. It was demonstrated that the crosslinking of epoxy groups in the structure, along with inorganic network formation as a result of sol-gel reactions, was the primary reason for the changes in the optical and physical properties of the system. As Zr containing species and/or UV irradiation may be employed to crosslink the epoxy groups in the structure, the optical and physical properties of the system can be tuned by optimal combination of these two crosslinking methods, as well as sol ageing process.     

硅胶的表面硅烷化处理及其吸附性能研究

为研究改性硅胶对挥发性有机废气的吸附性能,分别采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷对硅胶进行气相改性处理,试验研究了不同改性剂、改性时间对硅胶饱和吸附率的影响,考察了改性硅胶对甲苯、水二组分体系的吸附选择性.结果表明,硅胶对甲苯的吸附主要为物理吸附,长链的硅烷改性剂在60℃、...     

Effect of organo-modified clay on accelerated aging resistance of hydrogenated nitrile rubber nanocomposites and their life time prediction

Organically modified clay - reinforced hydrogenated nitrile rubber vulcanizate was subjected to accelerated heat aging to estimate its long-term thermo-oxidative stability and its useful lifetime was compared with that of the virgin polymer for the first time. Changes in technical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break were studied as a function of time and temperature of aging. The infrared spectroscopic analysis of the degraded products revealed that under aerobic hot aging conditions, hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) compounds undergo cross-linking reactions that lead to embrittlement and ultimately failure. Incorporation of clay filler, however, resulted in significant improvement of the degradation profile of the nanocomposite at elevated temperatures. Loss of ductility during aging of the nanocomposite was also milder, relative to the unfilled polymer, indicating a restricted degradation by the clay filled rubber, thus prolonging the durability. From the scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies, it was found that nanofillers protected the elastomer from surface rupture that took place on oxidation. Life prediction of both virgin elastomer and the nanocomposite indicated a three-fold increase in the effective service temperature range of the HNBR using 8 parts organically modified nanoclay.     

Differential selectivity in electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the surface of functionalized ormosil-modified electrodes

Functionalized ormosil-modified electrodes have been developed for electroanalytical applications. The functionalized ormosil-modified electrodes are made by encapsulating potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide within ormosil film derived from an optimum composition of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl trimethoxysilane and phenyltrimethoxy silane in acidic medium in absence of Nafion/crown ether (system 1), in the presence of Nafion (system 2) and in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (system 3). Another modified electrode (system 4) is also developed using the reaction product of potassium ferricyanide, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and either tetrahydrofuran (THF) or cyclohexanone followed by ormosil formation in the presence of 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl trimethoxysilane and phenyltrimethoxy silane in acidic medium. The electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid conducted at the surface of these four types of functionalized electrodes shows very interesting observations on the selective sensing of ascorbic acid and peroxide. The results based on cyclic voltammetry justify the relative performances on the kinetics of hydrogen peroxide oxidation and reduction. System 3 shows relatively much better oxidation kinetics of hydrogen peroxide as compared to other three systems with relatively weak reduction kinetics whereas system 4 shows relatively faster reduction kinetics of hydrogen peroxide as compared to other three systems. Similarly system 4 shows excellent response to ascorbic acid whereas system 3 shows insensitivity to ascorbic acid under similar experimental conditions. Typical response curve for the analysis of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid using system 3 and system 4 respectively are reported. The results show that system 3 is the best for probing hydrogen peroxide with lowest detection limit of 0.5 μM without any interference from ascorbic acid as commonly encountered using many conventional and chemically modified electrodes.     

铅离子印迹固相萃取原子吸收光谱分析

以Pb2+为模板,丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用本体聚合技术,制备了对Pb2+具有特异性识别作用的离子印迹材料。通过红外光谱,吸附容量,干扰实验等讨论了该离子印迹材料的相关性质。结果表明,该离子印迹材料对Pb2+的结合能力明显强于非印迹材料,能够很好的排除其他金属离子的干扰。通过制备该离子印迹材料,能够富集水体中的痕量铅,结合原子吸收光谱法对其进行定量分析,为测定复杂环境样品中痕量铅离子提供一个高选择性,高预富集效率的固相萃取材料和分析方法。     

纳米SnO2／ZnO复合氧化物的制备及制备条件对光催化性能的影响

以SnCl4·5H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、NH3·H2O为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出纳米SnO2/ZnO复合光催化剂,以降解甲基橙为模型反应,考察了不同条件制备的复合氧化物的光催化活性,并用TEM、XRD测试手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,ZnO复合SnO2后,光催化活性明显提高,但是焙烧温度超过900℃后,其光催化活性又大大降低。