Electromagnetic properties of massive neutrinos

The vertex function for a virtual massive neutrino is calculated in the limit of soft real photons. A method based on employing the neutrino self-energy operator in a weak external electromagnetic field in the approximation linear in the field is developed in order to render this calculation of the vertex function convenient. It is shown that the electric charge and the electric dipole moment of the real neutrino are zero; only the magnetic moment is nonzero for massive neutrinos. A fourth-generation heavy neutrino of mass not less than half of the Z-boson mass is considered as a massive neutrino.     

核子(质子)奇异性形状因子的实验进展

本文简要地介绍了为测量奇异性海夸克对核子电磁形状因子的贡献的实验的理论基础;详细地介绍了在各个实验室、各个实验时期的实验内容,包括奇异性形状因子的早期测量-MIT Bates设备上SAMPLE组测量奇异性磁形状因子的实验;最近JLab CEBAF设备上HAPPEX合作组对奇异性电和磁形状因子的组合测量;Mainz的MAMI上PVA4实验;HAPPEX的高精度实验及首次单个地测量出奇异性电形状因子;以及JLab的G0组的大接收度、奇异性形状因子对四动量转移平方的依赖关系实验。并介绍了各实验室的不同的实验方法,给出了世界上各实验室在不同的运动学量上的测量的结果,以及进一步可能的实验。     

The electromagnetic mechanism of plasmon decay to a neutrino pair in a strongly magnetized electron gas

An expression for the neutrino luminosity of a degenerate electron gas in a strong magnetic field via plasmon decay to a neutrino pair due to electromagnetic neutrino moments is derived. The neutrino luminosity of the medium in an electromagnetic reaction channel is shown to be comparable with the luminosity in a weak channel. The relative upper bounds for the effective magnetic neutrino moment are obtained.     

Electromagnetic form factors of a massive neutrino

Electromagnetic form factors of a massive neutrino are studied in a minimally extended standard model in an arbitrary R_ξ gauge and taking into account the dependence on the masses of all interacting particles. The contribution from all Feynman diagrams to the electric, magnetic, and anapole form factors, in which the dependence of the masses of all particles as well as on gauge parameters is accounted for exactly, are obtained for the first time in explicit form. The asymptotic behavior of the magnetic form factor for large negative squares of the momentum of an external photon is analyzed and the expression for the anapole moment of a massive neutrino is derived. The results are generalized to the case of mixing between various flavors of the neutrino. Explicit expressions are obtained for the electric, magnetic, and electric dipole and anapole transitional form factors as well as for the transitional electric dipole moment.     

Massive neutrinos and cosmology

The present experimental results on neutrino flavour oscillations provide evidence for non-zero neutrino masses, but give no hint on their absolute mass scale, which is the target of beta decay and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments. Crucial complementary information on neutrino masses can be obtained from the analysis of data on cosmological observables, such as the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background or the distribution of large-scale structure. In this review we describe in detail how free-streaming massive neutrinos affect the evolution of cosmological perturbations. We summarize the current bounds on the sum of neutrino masses that can be derived from various combinations of cosmological data, including the most recent analysis by the WMAP team. We also discuss how future cosmological experiments are expected to be sensitive to neutrino masses well into the sub-eV range.     

对于自共振激光加速器中轴向场问题的讨论

从洛仑兹力方程的旋量形式出发，讨论了电磁场中电荷运动的轴向电场和轴向磁场问题以及平面波的脉冲和Larmor功率。这些问题是研究自共振激光加速器的基础。From the spinorial form of the Lorentz force equation, the problems about axial electric field and axial magnetic field of charge motion in electromagnetic fields, as well as plane wave pulse and Larmor power have been discussed in this paper. These problems are the foundation of studying the autoresonance laser accelerator (ALA).     

Charge and magnetic moment of the neutrino in the background field method and in the linear R_{\xi}^L gauge

We present a computation of the charge and the magnetic moment of the neutrino in the recently developed electro-weak Background Field Method and in the linear gauge. First, we deduce a formal Ward-Takahashi identity which implies the immediate cancellation of the neutrino electric charge. This Ward-Takahashi identity is as simple as that for QED. The computation of the (proper and improper) one loop vertex diagrams contributing to the neutrino electric charge is also presented in an arbitrary gauge, checking in this way the Ward-Takahashi identity previously obtained. Finally, the calculation of the magnetic moment of the neutrino, in the minimal extension of the Standard Model with massive Dirac neutrinos, is presented, showing its gauge parameter and gauge structure independence explicitly. Received: 6 July 1999 / Revised version: 27 October 1999 / Published online: 27 January 2000     

Beta decay in the field of an electromagnetic wave and experiments on measuring the neutrino mass

Investigations of the effect of an electromagnetic wave field on the beta-decay process are used to analyze the tritium-decay experimental data on the neutrino mass. It is shown that the electromagnetic wave can distort the beta spectrum, shifting the end point to the higher energy region. This phenomenon is purely classical and it is associated with the electron acceleration in the radiation field. Since strong magnetic fields exist in setups for precise measurement of the neutrino mass, the indicated field can appear owing to the synchrotron radiation mechanism. The phenomenon under consideration can explain the experimentally observed anomalies in the spectrum of the decay electrons; in particular, the effect of the “negative square of the neutrino mass.”     

Weak and electromagnetic mechanisms of neutrino-pair photoproduction in a strongly magnetized electron gas

Expressions for the power of neutrino radiation from a degenerate electron gas in a strong magnetic field are derived for the case of neutrino-pair photoproduction via the weak and electromagnetic interaction mechanisms (it is assumed that the neutrino possesses electromagnetic form factors). It is shown that the neutrino luminosity of a medium in the electromagnetic reaction channel may exceed substantially the luminosity in the weak channel. Relative upper bounds on the effective neutrino magnetic moment are obtained.     

Electromagnetic sources distributed on shells in a Schwarzschild background

In the Introduction we briefly recall our previous results on stationary electromagnetic fields on black hole backgrounds and the use of spin-weighted spherical harmonics. We then discuss static electric and magnetic test fields in a Schwarzschild background using some of these results. As sources we do not consider point charges or current loops like in previous works, rather, we analyze spherical shells with smooth electric or magnetic charge distributions as well as electric or magnetic dipole distributions depending on both angular coordinates. Particular attention is paid to the discontinuities of the field, of the 4-potential, and their relation to the source.     

Mass of Light Neutrino and Right-Handed Current in 76Ge and 82Se 0vββ Decays

We discuss the Ovββ decay mediated by a light neutrino. Two-nucleon mechanism and shellmodel wave function are used in this paper. Also we take into account the influences of both nuclear short-range correlation term and finite nucleon size on the calculations of transition matrix elements. The relation between the mixing parameter η of right-handed current and the Majorana neutrino mass mv is obtained by fitting the experimental dtlta of Ovββ decay lifetimes of ⁷⁶Ge and ⁸²Se.     

读“等效的磁荷观点”有感

文章在假想的“磁荷世界”中修改了麦克斯韦方程组和洛伦兹力公式.由磁的库仑定律出发,并根据磁荷与电荷产生的电磁场的等效性,得到真空中静磁场的高斯定理和环路定理.仿照“电荷世界”中的电流定义了磁流强度,又根据磁场的相对论变换,由毕奥—萨伐尔定律和法拉第电磁感应定律得到稳恒电场D的高斯定理和环路定理.     

On the Neutrino Millicharge

The neutrino luminosity of a degenerate electron gas in a strong magnetic field under conditions of the neutron-star crust owing to plasmon decay to a neutrino pair via a nonstandard mechanism associated with the hypothesized neutrino electric millicharge is calculated. Relative upper bounds on the magnitude of the millicharge are obtained from a comparison of the results of this calculation with the neutrino luminosity caused by the respective standard process and with the luminosity induced by the neutrino magnetic moment.     

Covariant nucleon electromagnetic form factors from the Goldstone-boson-exchange quark model

We present a study of proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors for the recently proposed Goldstone-boson-exchange constituent quark model. Results for charge radii, magnetic moments, and electric as well as magnetic form factors are reported. The calculations are performed in a covariant framework using the point-form approach to relativistic quantum mechanics. All the predictions by the Goldstone-boson-exchange constituent quark model are found to fall remarkably close to existing experimental data.     

有关运动超导体电磁性质的几点讨论

在伦敦方程和电磁场的洛伦兹变换的基础上讨论了在磁场中运动的第一类超导平板的电磁性质。结果表明临界磁场将随超导体的速度的增加而减小 ;在穿透层内有一指数衰减的屏蔽电荷分布 ,其符号与超导体表面由运动感生的电荷相反、数量相等。屏蔽电荷屏蔽了表面电荷产生的感应电场 ,使电场和磁场一样在穿透层内指数衰减 ,在远离表面的内部 ,感应电场被完全屏蔽     

Electromagnetic form factors of the baryon octet in the perturbative chiral quark model

We apply the perturbative chiral quark model at one loop to analyze the electromagnetic form factors of the baryon octet. The analytic expressions for baryon form factors, which are given in terms of fundamental parameters of low-energy pion-nucleon physics (weak pion decay constant, axial nucleon coupling, strong pion-nucleon form factor), and the numerical results for baryon magnetic moments, charge and magnetic radii are presented. Our results are in good agreement with experimental data.Received: 7 January 2003, Revised: 4 November 2003, Published online: 15 April 2004PACS: 12.39.Ki Relativistic quark model - 13.40.Gp Electromagnetic form factors - 14.20.Dh Protons and neutrons - 14.20.Jn Hyperons     

非相对论下均匀斜交电磁场中正电荷的运动状况分析

文章对非相对论下均匀斜交电磁场中的正电荷+q进行了动力学矢量分析,将其运动分解为沿磁场方向的匀加速直线运动、垂直于电、磁场方向的匀速直线运动和垂直于磁场方向的匀速率圆周运动,进而推理出电荷完整的运动学方程;然后将运动学方程进行"约化"和简化,作出不同初速度下电荷在xy平面内的投影运动轨迹并加以分析,指出轨迹的若干特点及...     

电磁学与电动力学中的磁单极-I

本文及后继三篇文章在电磁学和电动力学框架内分别介绍磁单极的若干奇特性质.针对由一个磁单极和一个点电荷构成的体系,首先证明这个体系的电磁场角动量具有极简洁的表达式并讨论可能的电荷量子化,然后显式地演示体系角动量的转化与守恒.     

On the implications of a 17 keV neutrino

We discuss the implications of the recent measurement of a 17 keV mass component in the electron neutrino sector. Such a heavy state must decay in order to be compatible with cosmology; this requires states additional to those of the standard model. The most likely candidates are either majorons, allowing the decay into massless weakly interacting scalars, or single neutrinos, allowing the decay via the Z into light neutrinos. We show that in the latter case there is a lower bound on the lifetime in conflict with the cosmological constraints on this decay channel and on the photon plus neutrino decay channel which is also present. The extensions of the standard model needed to reduce the lifetime are considered. We analyze the mass matrix, playing particular regard to the singlet neutrino case, and discuss how it might be extended to explain the solar neutrino deficit.