The origin of the solar system and stochastic electrodynamics

Summary The formulation of the magnetic field of rotating bodies, obtained within the framework of stochastic electrodynamics, and Hoyle's mechanism for the transfer of angular momentum are used in the proposed model of the origin of the solar system. The ensemble of numerical results obtained is in good agreement with observations.

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Riassunto La formulatione del campo magnetico dei corpi rotanti, ottenuta nell'ambito dell'elettrodinamica stocastica, e il meccanismo di Hoyle per il trasferimento del momento angolare si usano nel modello proposto dell'origine del sistema solare. L'insieme dei risultati numerici ottenuti è in buon accordo con le osservazioni.

     

Thermally averaged orbital diamagnetism of a localized wigner oscillator

Summary Electron crystallization due to sufficiently strong Coulomb repulsions leads to a model of electrons oscillating about lattice sites in harmonic potentials. We have studied the orbital diamagnetism of such a localized Wigner oscillator in an applied magnetic field of arbitrary strength. The two contributions from orbital angular momentum and from Langevin-Pauli behaviour are separately calculated using Feynman's theorem. Possible relevance to the melting curve of the Wigner crystals in a magnetic field is pointed out.

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Riassunto La localizzazione di elettroni per effetto di repulsioni coulombiane sufficientemente forti porta ad un modello di elettroni che oscillano attorno a siti reticolari in potenziali armonici. Si studia il diamagnetismo orbitale di un siffatto oscillatore localizzato di Wigner in campo magnetico d'intensità arbitraria. Il contributo dovuto al momento angolare orbitale e quello di Langevin-Pauli sono calcolati separatamente mediante il teorema di Feynman. Si discute la possibile connessione dei risultati con il problema della curva di fusione del cristallo di Wigner in campo magnetico.

     

On the effective field and optical constants of alkali halides containingF colour centres

Summary The Onsager and Lorentz local fields ofF colour centres are compared and their change as a function of angular frequency and temperature is also considered. The change of these fields is proportional to the change of the refractive index produced byF centres. Some approximations about the explicit temperature dependence of the refractive-index change are also presented.

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Riassunto I campi locali di Onsager e Lorentz diF centri di colore sono confrontati e si considera il loro cambiamento in funzione della frequenza angolare e della temperatura. Il cambiamento di questi campi è proporzionale al cambiamento dell'indice di rifrazione prodotto daF centri. Si presentano anche alcune approssimazioni riguardo alla esplicita dipendenza dalla temperatura del cambiamento dell'indice di rifrazione.

     

The Tensors of the Averaged Relative Energy–Momentum and Angular Momentum in General Relativity and Some of Their Applications

There exist different kinds of averaging of the differences of the energy–momentum and angular momentum in normal coordinates NC(P) which give tensorial quantities. The obtained averaged quantities are equivalent mathematically because they differ only by constant scalar dimensional factors. One of these averaging was used in our papers [J. Garecki, Rep. Math. Phys. 33, 57 (1993); Int. J. Theor. Phys. 35, 2195 (1996); Rep. Math. Phys. 40, 485 (1997); J. Math. Phys. 40, 4035 (1999); Rep. Math. Phys. 43, 397 (1999); Rep. Math. Phys. 44, 95 (1999); Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 11, 441 (2002); M.P. Dabrowski and J. Garecki, Class. Quantum. Grar. 19, 1 (2002)] giving the canonical superenergy and angular supermomentum tensors. In this paper we present another averaging of the differences of the energy–momentum and angular momentum which gives tensorial quantities with proper dimensions of the energy–momentum and angular momentum densities. We have called these tensorial quantities “the averaged relative energy–momentum and angular momentum tensors”. These tensors are very closely related to the canonical superenergy and angular supermomentum tensors and they depend on some fundamental length L > 0. The averaged relative energy–momentum and angular momentum tensors of the gravitational field obtained in the paper can be applied, like the canonical superenergy and angular supermomentum tensors, to coordinate independent analysis (local and in special cases also global) of this field. Up to now we have applied the averaged relative energy–momentum tensors to analyze vacuum gravitational energy and momentum and to analyze energy and momentum of the Friedman (and also more general, only homogeneous) universes. The obtained results are interesting, e.g., the averaged relative energy density is positive definite for the all Friedman and other universes which have been considered in this paper.      

Product polarization distribution: Stereodynamics of the reaction of atom H and radical NH

The product angular momentum polarization of the reaction of H+NH is calculated via the quasiclassical trajectory method (QCT) based on the extended London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) potential energy surface (PES) at a collision energy of 5.1 kcal/mol. The calculated results of the vector correlations are denoted by using the angular distribution functions. The polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) demonstrate that the rotational angular momentum of the product H2 is aligned and oriented along the direction perpendicular to the scattering plane. Vector correlation shows that the angular momentum of the product H₂ is aligned in the plane perpendicular to the velocity vector. It suggests that the reaction proceeds preferentially when the reactant velocity vector lies in a plane containing all three atoms. The orientation and alignment of the product angular momentum affects the scattering direction of the product molecules. The polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) reveal that scattering is predominantly in the backward hemisphere.      

The pretzelosity TMD and quark orbital angular momentum

We study the connection between the quark orbital angular momentum and the pretzelosity transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution function. We discuss the origin of this relation in quark models, identifying as key ingredient for its validity the assumption of spherical symmetry for the nucleon in its rest frame. Finally we show that the individual quark contributions to the orbital angular momentum obtained from this relation cannot be interpreted as the intrinsic contributions, but include the contribution from the transverse centre of momentum which cancels out only in the total orbital angular momentum.     

Simple numerical method of computing the probabilities of angular momentum Jν occurring among possible vectors J Resulting from n angular momentum jμ summation (μ=1?n)

Arelatively simple numerical method of summing angular momentum vectors with maintaining space quantization rules of each summed angular momentum has been presented. The method enables the calculation of the values of probability (p j _μ) of finding a definite angular momentum J _μ among all vectors J being the results of quantum summation of n angular momentum vectors j _μ(μ=1-n. It may be used, e.g., in the calculations of angular momentum of many-particle states. The significance of the paper is connected with the possibility of taking into account, in a simple way, the angular momentum conservation principle for a system which consists of an arbitrary number of excitons. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 67, No. 11, 2004, pp. 2123–2128. Original English Text Copyright ? 2004 by Kaczmarczyk. This article was submitted by the author in English.     

Exclusive (e,e′pp) knockout reactions

Exclusive cross sections of the ¹⁶O(e,e′pp) ¹⁴C knockout reaction are calculated for transitions to the low-lying discrete final states of the residual nucleus. Short-range correlations and two-body currents, due to the excitation of a Δ resonance in the intermediate state, are included in the calculations. Final-state interactions are taken into account by means of phenomenological spin-dependent optical potentials. Recoil-momentum distributions for transitions to states with different angular momentum exhibit different shapes, which are basically determined by the cm orbital angular momentum of the initial proton pair.     

Statistical description of a paired nucleus with the inclusion of angular momentum

The effect of angular momentum on an excited paired nucleus has been studied. The BCS Hamiltonian, modified to include the z-projection of angular momentum has been diagonalized and expressed in terms of the quasiparticle occupation numbers. The grand partition function and all the relevant thermodynamical functions as well as the level-density expression have been derived for the general case of an arbitrary set of single-particle levels. Furthermore, the formalism has been applied to the uniform model and, whenever possible, analytical expressions have been derived. In particular the zero-temperature angular momentum dependence of the gap parameter, the critical angular momentum as well as the yrast line have been calculated. The critical temperature as a function of angular momentum, which defines the phase transition between paired and unpaired systems, has been calculated. A new effect called the thermally assisted pairing correlation, involving an increase of pairing with increasing temperature has been predicted. The completeness of the formalism as applied to spherical or deformed nuclei has been discussed.     

Orbital angular momentum exchange in the interaction of twisted light with molecules

In the interaction of molecules with light endowed with orbital angular momentum, an exchange of orbital angular momentum in an electric dipole transition occurs only between the light and the center of mass motion; i.e., internal "electronic-type" motion does not participate in any exchange of orbital angular momentum in a dipole transition. A quadrupole transition is the lowest electric multipolar process in which an exchange of orbital angular momentum can occur between the light, the internal motion, and the center of mass motion. This rules out experiments seeking to observe exchange of orbital angular momentum between light beams and the internal motion in electric dipole transitions.