Carbon nanotube networks as gas sensors for NO2 detection

Networks of different carbon nanotube (CNT) materials were investigated as resistive gas sensors for NO₂ detection. Sensor films were fabricated by airbrushing dispersions of double-walled and multi-walled CNTs (DWNTs and MWNTs, respectively) on alumina substrates. Sensors were characterized by resistance measurements from 25 to 250 °C in air atmosphere in order to find the optimum detection temperature. Our results indicate that CNT networks were sensitive to NO₂ concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm. All tested sensors provided significantly lower response to interfering gases such as H₂, NH₃, toluene and octane. We demonstrate that the measured sensitivity upon exposure to NO₂ strongly depends on the employed CNT material. The highest sensitivity values were obtained at temperatures ranging between 100 and 200 °C. The best sensor performance, in terms of recovery time, was however achieved at 250 °C. Issues related to the gas detection mechanisms, as well as to CNT network thermal stability in detection experiments performed in air at high operation temperatures are also discussed.     

ZIF-67/CeO2催化CO2和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯

采用沉淀法将ZIF-67负载到CeO₂上,制备了具有多重活性位点的非均相催化剂ZIF-67/CeO₂,并研究其催化CO₂和甲醇直接反应生成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的性能。采用 X 射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线光电子能谱研究了ZIF-67/CeO₂的各种理化性质。结果表明,ZIF-67的引入使ZIF-67/CeO₂催化剂产生更多的氧空位。在考察的ZIF-67/CeO₂系列催化剂中,0.3-ZIF-67/CeO₂(0.3为Co、Ce物质的量之比)在具有高的比表面积的同时还能保持介孔结构,具有丰富的酸碱位点,并且具有较高的CO₂吸附容量,表现出最好的催化性能。在反应温度为140℃、压力为4.5 MPa的条件下反应4 h,DMC收率可达到3.79 mmol_DMC·gcat^-1。     

ZIF-67/CeO2催化CO2和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯

采用沉淀法将ZIF-67负载到CeO₂上,制备了具有多重活性位点的非均相催化剂ZIF-67/CeO₂,并研究其催化CO₂和甲醇直接反应生成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的性能。采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱研究了ZIF-67/CeO₂的各种理化性质。结果表明,ZIF-67的引入使ZIF-67/CeO₂催化剂产生更多的氧空位。在考察的ZIF-67/CeO₂系列催化剂中,0.3-ZIF-67/CeO₂(0.3为Co、Ce物质的量之比)在具有高的比表面积的同时还能保持介孔结构,具有丰富的酸碱位点,并且具有较高的CO₂吸附容量,表现出最好的催化性能。在反应温度为140℃、压力为4.5 MPa的条件下反应4 h,DMC收率可达到3.79 mmol_DMC·g_cat^-1。     

片状纳米结构CeO2晶体的制备及其吸附CO2性能

在室温下,将CeCl₃溶液与CO₂储存材料（CO₂SM）混合、搅拌0.5 h制备了片状碳酸铈前驱体（CCPs）,并在500℃下煅烧CCPs 4 h,制得平均尺寸为4.94 μm×0.92 μm,厚度为0.04~0.08 μm纳米结构片状CeO₂晶体。在此过程中,CO₂SM不但可以提供CO₃^2-,还能起到分散剂和结构导向剂的作用。反应过程中,系统地研究了CO₂SM用量、Ce³⁺浓度和搅拌时间3个因素对CCPs形态和大小的影响,得到最优制备条件：0.1 g CO₂SM和50 mL 0.03 mol·L^-1 Ce³⁺水溶液以1 000 r·min^-1转速在室温下搅拌0.5 h。煅烧CCPs后,所制备的片状CeO₂晶体在室温下CO₂吸附量可达0.554 mmol·g^-1。     

CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物的制备及协同抛光性能

Sub-micrometer ultra fine CeO₂-ZrO₂ mixed oxides have been prepared by milling solid cerium carbonate and zirconium oxy-chloride with ammonia and followed by filtering, drying and calcining procedures. The effects of Ce/Zr molar ratio, milling time and calcining temperature on the phase composition, particle size and morphology, surface charge, as well as the polishing property were investigated. The results show that the mixed oxide calcined at 1 000 ℃ is composed of cubic ceria doped with zirconium and tetragonal zirconia doped with cerium, and the phase composition varies with calcination temperature and the Ce/Zr molar ratio. The monoclinic zirconia is observed when decreasing calcination temperature and shortening milling time, demonstrating that milling and calcining can force the phase transformation from monoclinic zirconia to cerium stabilized tetragonal zirconia and zirconium doped cubic ceria solid solutions. The removal rate for the optical glass polishing varies with Ce/Zr molar ratio. A synergetic polishing effect is found when Ce/Zr molar ratio below 4, and the optimal Ce/Zr molar ratio is 1∶1. At the same time, the cubic ceria content, density, particle size and surface charge all increase when calcination temperature increasing from 800 ℃ to 1 100 ℃. However, the particle morphology changes from disperse quasi-sphere to irregular aggregation and the maximal removal rate for optical glass polishing lies at 1 000 ℃.These facts show that the polishing property of the synthesized ceria-zirconia mixed oxide is affected by the particle physical characteristics comprehensively.     

吸附相反应技术制备MnOx/CeO2/SiO2催化剂及其低温选择性催化还原Nox

采用吸附相反应技术制备得到了MnO_x/CeO₂/SiO₂催化剂,通过X 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、紫外激光拉曼（Raman）等手段对催化剂进行了表征. HRTEM分析表明活性组分MnO_x与CeO₂都均匀分布在载体SiO₂表面;XRD分析表明Mn₃O₄特征峰随着CeO₂含量的增加逐渐减小至完全消失,CeO₂的加入降低了MnO_x的结晶程度,增加了MnO_x的分散性;Raman光谱表明催化剂表面的Mn离子能够进入CeO₂晶格,激发出空穴氧,随着CeO₂负载量的增加,催化剂氧空穴浓度先升高后降低.以NH₃为还原剂,考评催化剂的NO_x低温选择性催化还原（SCR）性能,催化剂催化活性随CeO₂负载量增加先升高后降低,与催化剂氧空穴浓度变化规律一致,说明催化剂活性受氧空穴浓度影响,氧空穴浓度升高,催化剂催化活性升高.     

共沉淀法和模板法制备均匀负载CeO2/ SiO2的研究

CeO2是三效催化剂(简称TWC)中被广泛应用的涂层材料[1],其优良的储放氧能力(OSC)可以扩大TWC的工作窗口,并可以在与γ-Al2O3的相互作用中提高Al2O3的高温稳定性[2]。在高温下,CeO2会因晶粒迅速长大而失去储放氧能力。为了提高CeO2的高温抗烧结能力,以及进一步提高其氧化还原能力,大部分研究者选择了在CeO2晶格中掺入其他离子的方法,如:Zr4 、Pr3 、La3 等[3￣5],这些离子在CeO2晶格中引入了晶格缺陷,不但稳定了结构,而且提高了氧传输能力。SiO2具有很高的化学稳定性、高比表面及高热稳定性,是载体的理想选择。研究表明,CeO2负载…     

超细CeO2的微波辅助加热合成及其抛光性能

引言铈基抛光粉因具有发削能力强,抛光时间短、抛光精度高、操作环境清洁、比其他抛光粉的使用效果佳等优点,被人们称为抛光粉之王".     

CeOHCO3和CeO2束状纳米结构的制备及表征

The cantaloupe-like particles of CeOHCO₃ were synthesized in aqueous solution by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as soft template. Then, the bunchiness rods of CeO₂ were obtained by calcining CeOHCO₃ at 450 ℃. The results of thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis reveal that an endothermic reaction with decomposition is involved in the transformation process from CeOHCO₃ to CeO₂. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, it is found that the orthorhombic phase CeOHCO₃ particles are constituted of short nanorods with diameters ranging from several tens nm to over 100 nm, and the cubic phase CeO₂ rods are composed of small particles with diameter ca. 15 nm. From the results of UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence analysis, it is found that the CeO₂ possess abundant defects, and the band gaps of the CeO₂ and CeOHCO₃ are ca. 2.70 eV and 3.87 eV, respectively.     

CeO2掺量对铝硼硅玻璃固化体抗浸出性能的影响

通过XRD、XPS、SEM和ICP-MS等表征方法,研究不同掺量下CeO2在铝硼硅玻璃固化体中物相的变化及其对抗浸出性能的影响。结果表明:玻璃网络结构中nCe4+∶nCe3+=9.25∶1,且CeO2质量分数达到或超过7%时,固化体内开始析出方铈矿晶体结构。1 d时随着CeO2掺量的增加,玻璃固化体rCe先降低后升高,28 d时则表现出逐渐降低的趋势。而在同一CeO2掺量下,rCe随浸出时间的延长逐渐降低,其中CeO2质量分数为9%的玻璃样品bE的rCe在7 d后稳定在4×10-6g.m-2.d-1以下,抗浸出性能较为优异。因此控制CeO2在一定范围内过量析出,可获得抗浸出性能优于完全溶于玻璃体的固化体。     

KIT-6负载CeO2催化CO2和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯

采用不同老化温度(80、100、120和150℃)合成了一系列KIT-6载体,并通过浸渍法制备了相应的CeO_2/KIT-6催化剂。结合X射线衍射、N_2物理吸附、NH_3程序升温脱附、CO_2程序升温脱附、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等表征结果,详细考察了老化温度对KIT-6结构以及CeO_2/KIT-6催化剂直接催化CO_2和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应活性的影响。结果表明,不同老化温度下制备的KIT-6均保持其独特的三维孔道结构。随着老化温度升高,KIT-6比表面积先增大后减小,当老化温度为100℃时,KIT-6比表面积达到最大(683 m~2·g~(-1))。KIT-6较高的比表面积有利于提高CeO_2分散度,进而提高暴露的活性位点数量,催化活性随催化剂表面中等碱/酸性吸附位数量和Ce~(3+)含量的增加而逐渐提高。其中,CeO_2/100-KIT-6催化剂中CeO_2颗粒尺寸最小(5.9 nm),暴露的活性位数量最高,催化活性最佳。随后,考察了反应温度和压力对CeO_2/100-KIT-6催化活性的影响。随着反应温度提高,催化活性先升高后降低,当反应温度为140℃时,催化活性最高;且催化活性随反应压力的提高而逐渐增加。在反应温度为140℃、压力为6.8 MPa条件下,催化剂经6次循环后,DMC收率由15 mmol·g_(CeO_2)~(-1)逐渐降低至2.8 mmol·g_(CeO_2)~(-1),原因归结为反应过程中CeO_2纳米颗粒发生团聚,使暴露出的活性位数量减少。     

CeO2对磷酸钙玻璃固化体结构的影响

采用高温熔融冷淬法制备了xCeO₂·(100-x)CaO·100P₂O₅(x：0~12)玻璃固化体。利用XRD、Raman、FTIR和DSC等方法表征了包容CeO₂磷酸钙玻璃固化体的结构特点和析晶性能。结果表明,玻璃固化体微观结构属于偏磷酸盐玻璃。CeO₂未改变玻璃的基本结构,位于磷酸钙玻璃网络空隙中,起网络修饰作用。添加量小于6mol%时,易形成均质玻璃,在此范围内,随着CeO₂含量增加玻璃固化体的热稳定性和抗析晶能力提高,玻璃的熔化温度降低。CeO₂添加量为6mol%时,玻璃的热稳定性最好。添加量9mol%~12mol%时,CeO₂与磷酸钙玻璃基体反应生成独居石结构晶相。     

单晶菱形CeOHCO3片状物的制备及其向CeO2的热转换

以硝酸铈铵和尿素为反应物,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)为助剂,通过沉淀反应制得了单晶菱形CeOHCO3片状物。然后将CeOHCO3在600℃空气气氛中灼烧获得了菱形CeO2。通过XRD和SEM对反应物中是否含有KH550助剂所得的产物进行了分析,结果发现只有含有KH550才能获得菱形CeOHCO3片状物,并且在灼烧过程中产物的形貌仍保持菱形。然后采用TEM对菱形CeOHCO3和CeO2进行了表征,结果发现CeOHCO3为单晶产物而灼烧后所得的CeO2为多晶产物。     

不同铈添加量对CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3材料性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同铈添加量的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA)储氧材料,并通过XRD、低温N2吸附-脱附、氧脉冲吸附(OSC)和H2-TPR等手段进行了表征。XRD结果表明,在1 000和1 100℃高温焙烧后,当CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最好的结构稳定性能。N2吸附-脱附结果表明,CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最好的织构性能,1 000℃时,比表面积和孔容分别为:136.6 m2.g-1和0.38 mL.g-1;1 100℃时,比表面积和孔容分别为:83.7 m2.g-1和0.23 mL.g-1。OSC结果显示,CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最大的储氧量,1 000℃和1 100℃分别为70μmol.g-1和31μmol.g-1。H2-TPR结果表明,CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最佳的还原性能。     

Reactivity of RuO species in RuO2/CeO2 catalysts prepared by a wet reduction method

The paper deals with the reactivity of RuO₂/CeO₂ prepared by a wet reduction method: ruthenium was supported on Ce(OH)₃, which was precipitated by alkali-hydrolysis of Ce(NO₃)₃, under a reduction condition with formaldehyde at pH 11 and transformed into RuO₂/CeO₂ catalysts by calcination in air at 773 K. The catalysts were investigated with an ESR technique and were tested for oxidation of propylene. They had no ESR signals by themselves at room temperature, but gave two sets of anisotropic signals upon contact with propylene. These signals were derived from the reaction products between RuO and propylene. The intensities of the signals were kept unchanged at room temperature for more than 1 h in the absence of excess propylene. The signals decayed in the presence of excess propylene and the upfield signal decayed more rapidly. A prior heating of the catalyst in air at 473 K or above caused the increase in the intensity of the upfield signal. The time course of the signal changes discriminated between ethylene and olefins with allylic hydrogen toward RuO species.     

纳米CeO2/聚苯乙烯杂化材料的制备及表征

用反相胶束微乳液法制备了纳米CeO2/聚苯乙烯杂化材料 .XRD分析表明,纳米CeO2/聚苯乙烯杂化材料中,CeO2是无定形粒子.XPS分析表明,杂化材料并非简单的物理混合,CeO2纳米粒子与有机物之间存在着一定强度的化学键.FTIR分析表明,CeO2粒子的吸收存在蓝移现象.     

离子交换-双氧水氧化法制备纳米CeO2晶体

以99.995% Ce(NO₃)₃和强碱性阴离子交换树脂为原料，采用离子交换-双氧水氧化法合成制备出纳米CeO₂晶体。并就离子交换反应中的Ce³⁺浓度、树脂加入速度和离子交换温度及H₂O₂加入速度等条件对CeO₂粒径的影响进行了探讨，得出了离子交换-双氧水氧化法制备纳米CeO₂晶体的最佳工艺条件。FTIR、TEM分析表明，离子交换法无需对合成的Ce(OH)₃溶胶进行洗涤即可去除NO₃^-、CO₃^2-等阴离子杂质，并用H₂O₂将该溶胶氧化，经真空干燥可制得粒径分布均匀，平均晶粒尺寸约3 nm，高纯度的CeO₂粉体。     

非晶态ZrO2镶嵌的超细CeO2催化HCl氧化

采用不同方法制备了铈锆复合氧化物催化剂用于催化HCl氧化反应。自发沉积策略制备的CeO₂@ZrO₂催化剂中,超细CeO₂纳米粒子均匀的镶嵌于非晶态ZrO₂中。CeO₂粒子显著的“尺寸效应”使得该催化剂具有更高的Ce³⁺和氧空位浓度,而较高的Ce³⁺和氧空位浓度使得催化剂具有优异的低温氧化还原性能和储释氧能力。催化性能测试表明,CeO₂@ZrO₂催化剂展现出最好的催化活性（1.90 g_Cl2·g_cat^-1·h^-1）,同时CeO₂粒子周围非晶态的ZrO₂阻碍CeO₂的高温烧结,提高了该催化剂的稳定性。     

非晶态ZrO_2镶嵌的超细CeO_2催化HCl氧化

采用不同方法制备了铈锆复合氧化物催化剂用于催化HCl氧化反应。自发沉积策略制备的CeO_2@ZrO_2催化剂中,超细CeO_2纳米粒子均匀的镶嵌于非晶态ZrO_2中。CeO_2粒子显著的"尺寸效应"使得该催化剂具有更高的Ce~(3+)和氧空位浓度,而较高的Ce~(3+)和氧空位浓度使得催化剂具有优异的低温氧化还原性能和储释氧能力。催化性能测试表明,CeO_2@ZrO_2催化剂展现出最好的催化活性(1.90 gCl2·gcat~(-1)·h~(-1)),同时CeO_2粒子周围非晶态的ZrO_2阻碍CeO_2的高温烧结,提高了该催化剂的稳定性。     

Cr/CeO2体系及其对乙烷脱氢反应催化性能的研究

The dehydrogenation reaction of ethane over Cr/CeO₂ catalysts in presence of CO₂ was studied with fixed-bed micro-reactor. The Cr/CeO₂ catalysts of different Cr loading have been synthesized using impregnation techniques. The Cr/CeO₂ system has already been found to be active and selective in the reaction at around 740 ℃. The function of carbon dioxide is to remove coke and hydrogen to accelerate dehydrogenation of ethane. The results of catalysts characterizations indicated that Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ occurred on the surface of the catalysts. The 1.2 mmol Cr/100m₂ CeO₂ catalyst sample with a monolayer dispersion of Cr on CeO₂ support showed a stronger surface acidity and a maximum yield of ethylene of about 35.5% at 36.6% conversion of ethane.