真空下气固界面的传热

已知对于真空下的传热稀薄气体起着非常重要的作用。该文给出了稀薄气体在不同克努曾数区域下的气 -固界面间的传热表达式 ,这些表达式中包含了气体反射系数和热适应系数。文中讨论了平行平板、同轴圆柱表面和同心圆球表面的情况 ,给出了不同传热区域热流依照克努曾数倒数关系变化的数值计算结果     

气-固界面作用物理模型的确定性实现方法

针对最新发展的气-固界面作用物理模型,提出一种确定性计算方法.算法的核心是:针对离散速度空间分布函数,采用确定性算法计算出单轮气-固碰撞作用的散射核函数矩阵,并通过考虑吸引势阱作用和迭代累加多次气-固碰撞作用,物理地反映气体分子入射/反射速度分布函数在气-固界面上的变化.与现有基于Monte Carlo随机采样的实现方...     

真空热蒸发生长CdX(X=S,Te)纳米线研究性实验

将一维纳米结构的气—液—固生长机制与大学材料物理实验真空热蒸发镀膜结合,设计了生长半导体纳米线的研究性实验.利用金属铋或锡作为催化剂,真空热蒸发生长了CdS,CdTe等半导体纳米线.纳米线产物形貌均匀,并可实现选择性生长.     

固-固接触界面热传输研究

提出了固-固接触热传导接触界面层的概念并进行了解释。接触界面层的建立,把微结构的散射和辐射热传导机制统一于界面层内,通过对接触界面层、接触界面层的厚度和界面层热导率等的讨论,初步揭示了接触界面层热传导的机制。在界面层微观传热的机制上,建立了接触界面层热阻预测模型,并把模型预测接触热阻值与扩散失陪模型(DMM)以及实验值进行了比较。结果显示该模型克服了DMM模型预测值偏低的缺陷,这些将对接触界面层的微尺度热分析有一定的帮助。     

用动态光弹法记录的超声脉冲沿固-固界面的传播过程

本文报导了用动态光弹法记录的沿两种玻璃形成的界面上超声脉冲的传播过程。实验中所用的固-固界面是由两种玻璃组成(玻璃I的声速较高，玻璃Ⅱ的声速较低)。实验记录了沿界面的两组波脉冲(一组传播较快，一组传播较慢)的形成及独立传播的过程。快波组包括快速层中的纵波脉冲及其产生的三种头波，慢波组包括慢速层中的纵波脉冲及其产生的二种头波。实验中出观的波组的种类和成员与已有的脉冲线源的理论解符合。     

双室热保护法测定真空绝热板导热系数的研究

给出了双室热保护法测定真空绝热板(VIP)的导热系数的原理,设计了测试装置.外室作为热保护装置,内室作为测试加热装置,基于稳态下测试VIP平板的导热系数,该装置不受VIP尺寸的限制.分析了影响测试结果的因素和理论误差,并与标定值对比,测试结果较精确.该装置可以用于VIP出厂前的导热系数的测试及使用过的VIP的老化程度的...     

流-固界面波的激光激发与光偏转检测

基于光偏转原理,研制了可用于流-固界面波探测的光纤传感装置.在此基础上,建立了以调Q Nd∶YAG激光为流-固界面波激发光源的实验系统.实验上探测了激光在空气-铝、水-铝和酒精-铝等界面上激发的界面波波形.根据实验波形,算得在这三种界面上的泄漏Rayleigh波和Scholte波的速度分别为2889 m/s和339 m/s、2916 m/s和1512 m/s、2872 m/s和1184 m/s,此实验值与理论计算值相比,偏差小于5％.     

最小二乘法在液体粘滞系数实验中的应用

本文用多管落球法测得原始实验数据,运用最小二乘法进行处理,求得无限广延液体粘滞系数,并与直接作图法进行比较。     

中子评价核数据库中角分布的Legendre系数研究

针对目前国际上中子评价核数据库中没有n 12C反应在20MeV以上的第一、第二激发态非弹散射角分布数据的情况,利用最小二乘法给出了数据库中缺失的Legendre系数,并且能很好地符合现有的实验数据,从而使评价数据库的数据更加齐全,给出的信息更加完整。     

确定离子交换平面波导折射率分布的预测-校验法

提出一种基于反WKB法与分段线性插值的最小二乘拟合方法(即预测-校验方法)来确定离子交换玻璃波导的横向折射率分布,它将反WKB法与分段线性插值所计算出的结果作为近似值(预测),然后进行最小二乘拟合(校验),并与基于反WKB的分段线性插值方法进行比较.数值计算表明,这一算法能有效地重建渐变离子交换平面波导的横向折射率分布.     

Augmented coupling interface method for solving eigenvalue problems with sign-changed coefficients

In this paper, we propose an augmented coupling interface method on a Cartesian grid for solving eigenvalue problems with sign-changed coefficients. The underlying idea of the method is the correct local construction near the interface which incorporates the jump conditions. The method, which is very easy to implement, is based on finite difference discretization. The main ingredients of the proposed method comprise (i) an adaptive-order strategy of using interpolating polynomials of different orders on different sides of interfaces, which avoids the singularity of the local linear system and enables us to handle complex interfaces; (ii) when the interface condition involves the eigenvalue, the original problem is reduced to a quadratic eigenvalue problem by introducing an auxiliary variable and an interfacial operator on the interface; (iii) the auxiliary variable is discretized uniformly on the interface, the rest of variables are discretized on an underlying rectangular grid, and a proper interpolation between these two grids are designed to reduce the number of stencil points. Several examples are tested to show the robustness and accuracy of the schemes.     

VM1000型热真空试验设备的研制

热真空试验设备主要为航天产品组件提供高真空、冷热环境及冷黑背景,模拟航天器及其组件在轨各种模式下的工作性能指标是否满足设计要求。热真空设备主要模拟空间两个参数,即高真空环境和冷热环境。文中介绍了VM1000型热真空试验设备的参数设计指标、设备组成及设备研制过程,并对设备的真空、温度等相关性能参数进行测试,验证设计参数是否满足要求。     

Physical properties of vacuum evaporated CdTe thin films with post-deposition thermal annealing

This paper presents the physical properties of vacuum evaporated CdTe thin films with post-deposition thermal annealing. The thin films of thickness 500 nm were grown on glass and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates employing thermal vacuum evaporation technique followed by post-deposition thermal annealing at temperature 450 °C. These films were subjected to the X-ray diffraction (XRD),UV-Vis spectrophotometer, source meter and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for structural, optical, electrical and surface morphological analysis respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the films have zinc-blende structure of single cubic phase with preferred orientation (111) and polycrystalline in nature. The crystallographic and optical parameters are calculated and discussed in brief. The optical band gap is found to be 1.62 eV and 1.52 eV for as-grown and annealed films respectively. The I–V characteristics show that the conductivity is decreased for annealed thin films. The AFM studies reveal that the surface roughness is observed to be increased for thermally annealed films.     

真空绝热板(VIP)热桥效应的扩展模型分析

做为一种新型、高效的绝热材料,真空绝热板在其使用过程中不可避免会产生热桥效应,从而在一定程度上影响了板材整体绝热性能.文中介绍利用能量守恒方程建立了VIP热桥效应的扩展分析模型,通过对扩展模型方程的求解和分析,进一步分析了VIP热桥效应的影响参数.通过比对分析,提出的计算模型与国外数据模型得到了较好的吻合,可利用该扩展...     

The effect of vacuum polarisation in the calculation of internal conversion coefficients

The effect of vacuum polarisation on internal conversion coefficients is investigated for the nuclear charge numbersZ=26 andZ=80; it contributes less than one percent to the conversion rate.     

低温容器绝热真空丧失后的绝热夹层漏热量计算分析

真空丧失对低温容器的安全性是一大威胁,可能会造成严重后果。文中通过实验,利用氮气为破空介质,测得了高真空多层绝热低温容器在真空丧失情况下的排放率,根据测得的排放率计算了热流密度。结果表明,根据测得的排放率,不考虑液体温度变化计算得到的热流密度与考虑液体温度变化计算得到的热流密度之间存在差异。     

Effect of gas adsorption on momentum accommodation coefficients in microgas flows using molecular dynamic simulations

The tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC), usually used in slip boundary conditions in micro-gas flows, is reported to be always less than unity and greatly influenced by temperature and the strength of gas–wall interactions. According to the definitions of accommodation coefficients, a proper statistical algorithm in non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method was described and verified. In planar Poiseuille gas flow in a smooth microchannel, the TMAC were calculated considering both the effects of temperature and gas–wall interaction. In the simulation processes, more gas molecules began to be adsorbed near walls under the condition of stronger gas–wall interaction and lower temperature. The gas adsorption resulted in a longer gas–wall interaction time so that the TMAC increased. While the gas–wall interaction became much stronger, more and more gas molecules were adsorbed to form an explicit layer above the wall. The full coverage of gas molecules on the wall prevented further adsorption; therefore the TMAC did not keep on increasing as the interaction strength continued to increase. Meanwhile, the normal momentum accommodation coefficient (NMAC) was also calculated according to the definition. In the isothermal flow, the average gas momentum normal to the wall was in complete accommodation with the wall, and the NMAC was almost unity in smooth micro channels.     

Phase aberration compensation of digital holographic microscopy based on least squares surface fitting

Digital holographic microscopy allows the numerical reconstruction of the complex wavefront of samples, especially biological samples such as living cells. In digital holographic microscopy, a microscope objective is introduced to improve the transverse resolution of the sample; however a phase aberration in the object wavefront is also brought along, which will affect the phase distribution of the reconstructed image. We propose here a numerical method to compensate for the phase aberration of thin transparent objects with a single hologram. The least squares surface fitting with points number less than the matrix of the original hologram is performed on the unwrapped phase distribution to remove the unwanted wavefront curvature. The proposed method is demonstrated with the samples of the cicada wings and epidermal cells of garlic, and the experimental results are consistent with that of the double exposure method.