Quest for Environmentally Benign Ligands for Actinide Separations: Thermodynamic,Spectroscopic, and Structural Characterization of UVI Complexes with Oxa‐Diamide and Related Ligands

Complexation of U ^VI with N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐3‐oxa‐glutaramide (TMOGA) and N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐oxa‐glutaramic acid (DMOGA; see picture) was studied in comparison with their dicarboxylate analogue, oxydiacetic acid (ODA). The stability constants, enthalpy, and entropy of complexation all decrease in the order ODA> DMOGA>TMOGA, showing that the complexation is entropy driven and the substitution of a carboxylate group with an amide group reduces the strength of complexation with U^VI due to the decrease in the entropy of complexation (see figure).

     

Structurally Different Calcium(II) Complexes with 5‐Substituted Tetrazole Ligands

Three different tetrazole‐carboxylate ligands, Hpymtza, Hpytza, and H₂dtzeda were chosen to be reacted with Ca(NO₃)₂ · 4H₂O, resulting in the formation of three coordination compounds, [Ca(pymtza)₂(H₂O)₄] ( 1 ), [Ca(pytza)₂(H₂O)₂] ( 2 ), and [Ca(dtzeda)(H₂O)₂] ( 3 ) [Hpymtza = 5‐(2‐pyrimidyl)tetrazole‐1‐acetic acid, Hpytza = 5‐(3‐pyridyl)tetrazole‐2‐acetic acid, and H₂dtzeda = 1, 2‐bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)ethane‐N1, N1′‐diacetic acid]. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that compound 1 displays a mononuclear structure, compound 2 is a one dimensional zigzag chain structure, whereas 3 shows a three‐dimensional structure. The structures were controlled by not only the different substituents of the tetrazolyl ring, but also the complementary hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of compounds 1 – 3 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state. These emissions can be tentatively attributed to the ligand centered emission.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Dinuclear Palladium and Mononuclear Nickel Complexes of Macrocyclic N8S4 Ligands

The N₈S₄ donor ligand L¹ has been investigated regarding its capability to support the formation of coordinatively unsaturated Pd₂ complexes and its use as a starting material for functionalized N₈S₄ systems. L¹ represents a macrotricyclic ligand comprising four 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐bis(aminomethyl)thiophenolate units, whose N and S atoms are linked by ethylene units. Treatment of L₁ with [Pd(NCMe)₂Cl₂] produced the dinuclear complex [Pd₂Cl₂(H₂L¹)]⁴⁺, which was isolated as its pale‐yellow perchlorate salt [Pd₂Cl₂(H₂L¹)](ClO₄)₄ (H₂ 1 ) and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The structure shows two planar PdN₂SCl units which are located in the central 24‐membered ring of L¹. Reaction of L¹ with CH₂O/HCO₂H under Eschweiler‐Clarke conditions followed by deprotection with sodium in liquid ammonia furnished the permethylated octaamine‐tetrathiophenol H₄L⁴. The identity of H₄L⁴ was ascertained by an X‐ray crystal structure determination of one of its metal complexes.     

Synthesis,Structure and Characterization of Dinuclear Pentacoordinate Molybdenum(V) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazone Ligands

New dinuclear pentacoordinate molybdenum(V) complexes, [Mo₂^VO₃L₂] [L = thiosemicarbazonato ligand: C₆H₄(O)CH:NN:C(S)NHR′ and C₁₀H₆(O)CH:NN:C(S)NHR′; R′ = H, CH₃, C₆H₅) were obtained either by oxygen atom abstraction from Mo^VIO₂L with triphenylphosphine or by using [Mo₂O₃(acac)₄] in the reaction with the corresponding ligands H₂L. Crystal and molecular structure of [Mo₂O₃{C₆H₄(O)CH:NN:C(S)NHC₆H₅}₂] · CH₃CN has been determined by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes of two Novel Pyridine‐Derived Macrocyclic Ligands Bearing o‐ and p‐Nitrobenzyl Pendant Groups

The pendant‐armed ligands L¹ and L² were synthesized by N‐alkylation of the two secondary aminic groups of the oxaazamacrocyclic precursor L with o‐nitrobenzylbromide (L¹) or p‐nitrobenzylbromide (L²). Metal complexes of L¹ and L² have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, MS‐FAB, conductivity measurements, IR, UV‐Vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and magnetic studies. Crystal structures of ligands L¹ and L², as well as complexes [CdL¹(NO₃)₂]·2CH₃CN and [Ag₂Br(L²)₂](ClO₄)·2CH₃CN have been determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography.     

Dinuclear Macrocyclic Quinoline Bridged Mercury and Silver Bis(N‐heterocyclic Carbene) Complexes: Synthesis,Structure, and Spectroscopic Studies

Quinoline bridged imidazolium precursors 5,8‐bis(N‐R‐imidazolylidenylmethylene)quinoline PF₆^– salts [H₂L](PF₆)₂ [R = Me ( 1a ), R = naphthylmethyl ( 1b )] were prepared by quaternization of N‐methylimidazole and N‐naphthylmethylimidazole with 5,8‐bis(bromomethyl)quinoline, respectively. Reaction of the imidazolium ligands 1a and 1b with Hg(OAc)₂ and Ag₂O in acetonitrile gave the macrocyclic transition metal carbene complexes [Hg₂L₂](PF₆)₄ ( 2a and 2b ) and [Ag₂L₂](PF₆)₂ ( 3a and 3b ), respectively. All the N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes were characterized in detail by NMR, ESI‐MS, and elemental analysis. Structures of complexes 2a and 3a were determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. Structural studies revealed that the coordination arrangement of the central mercury atom in complex 2a displays a tricoordinate mode and the molecular conformation results in a“closed” form with the bridging quinoline functionality in the macrocycle, whereas the silver complex 3a does not show an coordiantion between the bridging quinoline and the Ag^I ion, which results in an “open” conformation of the macrocycle. The Hg^II and Ag^I NHC complexes showed similar UV absorption and luminescence in acetonitrile solutions.     

新型氮功能化大环配体的合成与表征

合成了新型氮功能化大环配体内消旋-5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-N,N＇-二乙酸乙酯(TETADE);内消旋-5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-N,N＇,N＇,N＇＇,N＇＇＇-四乙酸乙酯(TETADE);内消旋-5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-N,N＇-二乙酸(TETADA);内消旋-5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-N,N＇,N＇,N＇＇＇-四乙酸(TETATA)和内消旋-5,5,7,12,12,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-N,N＇-二异羟肟酸(TETAD-HA).均通过元素分析、IR,1H NMR和MS表征.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of Two Macrocyclic Dinuclear Complexes

Two macrocyclic dinuclear complexes, [Cu₂L¹](PF₆)₂ and [Cu₂L²](ClO₄)₂, were synthesized by cyclo-condensation between N,N′-bis(3-formyl-5-methylsalicylidene)ethylenediimine or N,N′- bis(3-formyl-5-n-butylsalicylidene)ethylenediimine and ethylenediamine in the presence of Cu²⁺ ions. The crystal structures of the complexes were studied. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities and cyclic voltammograms of the complexes were measured. The magnetic and electrochemical properties of the complexes were discussed. The results show that the complexes display very strong antiferromagnetic exchanges and that all copper(II) complexes undergo a one-electron transfer process.     

系列大环草酰胺配合物的合成与表征——推荐一个综合化学实验

采用加热回流和溶剂热两种方法合成了三种大环草酰胺系列配合物,并对所得配合物进行单晶结构解析。使用元素分析、红外光谱、电子光谱、ESR谱对配合物进行了表征和性质研究。该实验原料简单易得,实验方法简便易行,可操作性强,有利于培养学生的实践能力和创新能力。     

含席夫碱桥联配体的双核金属钌配合物的合成及其性能研究

合成了3种双核钌配合物[Ru(bpy)2]2{[(PyCHN)-Ph-O-C6H4-]2R}(ClO4)4,bpy=2,2′-联吡啶,PyCHN=N-2-吡啶亚甲基,R=无(1),-C(CH3)2(2),-SO2(3)并进行了有关表征。电化学研究表明:配合物3的ΔE和Kc值最大,说明苯环和硫原子之间存在着较强的(p(π)-d)π相互作用,有助于获得较强的金属-金属相互作用。配合物1,2,3都有混合价,通过Hush方程可以得到Vab的值大概为320~420 cm-1。这些结果表明:Schiff碱作为桥配体对于调配金属-金属相互作用并将其作为分子导线起着特殊的作用。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes Based on 4,4′‐Bipyridyl Type Bridging Ligands

The synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical and photophysical characterization of a series of dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [(bpy)₂Ru(NnN)₂RuCl(bpy)₂](PF₆)₃, where NnN = 4,4′‐bipyridyl (N0N), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (NEN), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (N2N), and 4,4′‐trimethylenedipyridine (N3N) are reported. The photophysical and electrochemical properties are discussed with particular emphasis on the ability of the bridging ligands to support intercomponent interaction.     

Synthesis,Structure and Luminescence of Cd3Cu2 and Cd2Ni4 Heteronuclear Complexes with Macrocyclic Oxamide and 5‐Sulfosalicylicate

Two novel heteronuclear complexes [Cd₃(SSAL)₂(CuL)₂(H₂O)₄]_n ( 1 ) and [Cd₂(HSSAL)₂(NiL)₄] · 4H₂O ( 2 ) were synthesized and structurally determined, where SSAL is the fully deprotonated 5‐sulfosalicylic ion (CuL and NiL, H₂L = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6,14,15‐dibenzo‐1,4,8,12‐tetraazacyclopentadeca‐7,13‐diene). Compound 1 displays a 1D ladder‐like chain and all these chains are further interlinked through hydrogen bonds resulting in a 2D architecture. The structure of 2 consists of 5‐sulfosalicylates and an oxamido‐bridge and is arranged in butterfly‐like hexanuclear molecules. The luminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 are also discussed.     

新型手性双核Salen配合物的合成与表征

采用新型Salen中间体I(由3，5-二叔丁基水杨醛、2，6-二酰基-4-甲基苯酚、(R，R)环己二胺为原料合成)合成了4个新型手性双核Salen配合物[Zn₂L·3H₂O (2)、Cu₂L·H₂O (3)、CO₂L (4)、Ni₂L (5)]，(L是由中间体I和邻苯二胺合成的手性二聚Salen配体)。用¹H NMR、FTIR、UV-Vis、CD光谱对配体和配合物进行了表征，详细讨论了红外光谱、电子吸收光谱、圆二色光谱的性质。采用激子耦合理论解释了此类手性化合物圆二色谱的Cotton效应和Cotton裂分，Cotton裂分的方向依赖于环己二胺的构象，(R，R)环己二胺决定了Salen化合物的手征性为负。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Crystal Structure of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes with Tridentate Schiff‐base Ligands. Part 2

Mononuclear [MoO₂LD], and dinuclear [MoO₂L]₂ or [MoO₂L]₂ · D dixomolybdenum(VI) complexes have been prepared by the reaction of tridentate Schiff‐base ligands L with [MoO₂(acac)₂]. The Schiff‐base ligands have been synthesized from salicylaldehyde ( 1 , 1a , 1c , 1d ), 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde ( 2 , 2c ) and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde ( 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e ) with 2‐amino‐p‐cresol. All prepared complexes consist of cis‐MoO₂²⁺core coordinated by Schiff‐base ligand through two deprotonated hydroxyl groups and one imino nitrogen atom. The usual octahedral coordination around the molybdenum atoms is completed by the neutral ligand D (methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, imidazole or 4, 4′‐bipyridine). All compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and some of them by X‐ray crystallography ( 1a , 2c , 3a , 3b , 3c and 3e ).     

Synthesis Characterization,X‐ray Structures,and Solution Studies of Dinuclear Zinc(II) Complexes of Acyclic Schiff Base Ligands

Dizinc(II) complexes of two acyclic Schiff‐base ligands L1 ^– and L2 ^– were synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 2‐[3‐(2‐formylphenoxy)‐2‐hydroxypropoxy]benzaldehyde ( PL ) with 1,2‐diaminopropane and 1,2‐diaminoethane, respectively, in the presence of zinc(II) salts. The isolation of a selection of 2:1 (metal:ligand) complexes of zinc(II) was carried out and conductance measurements, IR, UV/Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, as well as X‐ray diffraction were employed to probe the nature of the respective complexes in both solid and solution states. The molecular structure of [Zn₂ L1 (NO₃)₃] ( 1 ) complex consists of two six‐coordinate atoms, which are bridged by the deprotonated hydroxy group and one 1,3‐bridging nitrate anion. The structure of [Zn₂ L2 (NO₃)(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂ · CH₃OH ( 3 ) consists of a dizinc cation and two nitrate anions as counterions. In compound 3 , each zinc atom is bound to water instead of a terminal nitrate anion in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The intermetallic separation distance of Zn ··· Zn in 3 (3.376 Å) is slightly smaller than 1 (3.403 Å) and is similar to that found in zinc phosphotriesterase (3.5 Å). The π–π interactions between the benzene rings of adjacent molecules in 3 are stronger than in 1 .     

新型含N-杂环卡宾二硫化碳配体的锰铼金属双核化合物的合成、表征及电化学性质简

合成了一系列含N-杂环卡宾二硫化碳加合物配体的锰铼金属有机化合物,其中包括3种单核化合物和3种双核化合物,对它们的结构进行了表征,并研究其反应性和电化学性质. 与三烷基膦二硫化碳配体相比,含N-杂环卡宾二硫化碳加合物配体的锰铼金属有机化合物展现出不同的反应特性. 研究结果表明,[MnRe(CO)6(μ-H){μ-CH3SC(S)IMes2}]配合物具有催化质子还原成氢气的能力.     

Synthesis,Spectroscopic Characterization,DFT Calculations,and Dynamic Behavior of Mononuclear Macrocyclic Diorganotin(IV) Bis‐Dithiocarbamate Complexes

Nine mononuclear diorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes 1 – 9 with 19‐, 20‐ and 21‐membered macrocyclic structures were synthesized from dimethyl, di‐n‐butyl, and diphenyltin(IV) dichloride and three bis‐dithiocarbamate ligands derived from secondary bis‐amines having aromatic spacer groups. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic methods (IR and ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR). Additionally, quantum chemical DFT calculations were performed for the dimethyltin(IV) derivatives in order to model the molecular structures. For one compound series the NMR spectra showed a concentration‐dependent behavior in solution, which was analyzed in detail and permitted to postulate the existence of an equilibrium with the corresponding [2+2] macrocycles.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Crystal Structures of New Difurylphosphido-bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes Derived from Ferrocenylacetylene Ligands

The difurylphosphido-bridged dinuclear complex [Ru₂(CO)₆(μ-PFu₂)(μ-η¹,η²-Fu)] (Fu = 2-furyl) 1 readily reacts with two equivalents of each of the terminal alkynes HC≡CR (R = Fc, p-C₆H₄Fc, p-C₆H₄NO₂, Fc = Fe(η⁵-C₅H₅)(η⁵-C₅H₄)) by an interesting head-to-tail ynyl coupling with a furan group to form a series of phosphido-bridged diruthenium compounds containing a novel furyl-substituted C₄ hydrocarbyl chain of stoichiometry [Ru₂(CO)₄(μ-PFu₂){μ-η¹,η¹,η²,η³-RCC(H)C(R)C(H)Fu}] (R = Fc 2, p-C₆H₄Fc 3, p-C₆H₄NO₂ 4) in moderate to good yields. Reaction of 1 with an equimolar amount of HC≡CFc and HC≡C(p-C₆H₄NO₂) afforded a pair of isomers of [Ru₂(CO)₄(μ-PFu₂){μ-η¹,η¹,η²,η³-R¹CC(H)C(R²)C(H)Fu}] (R¹ = Fc, R² = p-C₆H₄NO₂ 5a; R¹ = p-C₆H₄NO₂, R² = Fc 5b) together with a small mixture of 4. X-ray crystal structures of 2, 3, 5a and 5b are reported. All of these new alkyne-derived dinuclear complexes are electron precise with 34 cluster valence electrons in which the μ-η¹,η²-furyl ligand acts as a three-electron donor and the μ-phosphido Ru₂ framework is retained in the products upon alkyne coupling reactions. The resulting organic fragment of each complex is coordinated to the Ru atoms via a π, a π-allyl and two σ bonds, and donates seven electrons to the metal core. Dedicated to the memory of Professor F. Albert Cotton.     

An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Benzo‐Fused Macrocyclic Dilactams

A facile synthetic approach was adopted towards the synthesis of benzo‐fused macrocyclic lactams 2a – 2g via the base‐catalyzed condensation reaction of 2,2′‐[alkanediylbis(oxy)]bis[benzaldehydes] 3a – 3c with N,N′‐substituted bis[2‐cyanoacetamide] derivatives 7a – 7c (Scheme 2). The latter compounds were obtained by the reaction of the appropriate diamines 6a – 6c with ethyl 2‐cyanoacetate ( 4 ). Attempts to prepare the oxaaza macrocycles 2 by alternative pathways were also investigated. The novel pyrazolo‐fused macrocycles 13a and 13b were obtained in 48 and 52% yield, respectively, upon treatment of 2d and 2g with NH₂NH₂?H₂O at 100° (Scheme 4).