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1.
Ho2O[SiO4] and Ho2S[SiO4]: Two Chalcogenide Derivatives of Holmium(III) ortho‐Oxosilicate Ho2O[SiO4] crystallizes monoclinically with the space group P21/c (a = 904.15(9), b = 688.93(7), c = 667.62(7) pm, β = 106.384(8)°, Z = 4) in the A‐type structure of rare‐earth(III) oxide oxosilicates. Yellow platelet‐shaped single crystals were obtained as by‐product during an experiment to synthesize Ho3Cl[SiO4]2 by reacting Ho2O3 and SiO2 in the ratio 4 : 6 with an excess of HoCl3 as flux at 1000 °C for seven days in evacuated silica ampoules. Both crystallographically different Ho3+ cations show coordination numbers of 8+1 and 7 with coordination figures of 2+1‐fold capped trigonal prisms and octahedra, in which one of the vertices changes to an edge by two instead of one coordinating atoms, respectively. The O2— anion not linked to silicon is surrounded tetrahedrally by four Ho3+ cations which built a layer parallel (100) by vertex‐ and edge‐sharing of the [OHo4]10+ units according to {[(O5)(Ho1)1/1(Ho2)3/3]4+}. Within rhombic meshes of these layers the isolated oxosilicate tetrahedra [SiO4]4— come to lie. Ho2S[SiO4] crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pbcm (a = 605.87(5), b = 690.41(6), c = 1064.95(9) pm, Z = 4). It also emerged as a single‐crystalline by‐product obtained during the synthesis of Ho2OS2 by reaction of a mixture of Ho2O3, Ho and S with the wall of the evacuated silica tube used as container with an excess of CsCl as flux at 800 °C. The structure of the yellow platelet‐shaped, air and water resistant crystals also distinguishes two Ho3+ cations with bicapped trigonal prisms and trigondodecahedra as coordination polyhedra for CN = 8. The S2— anions are almost square planar surrounded by four Ho3+ cations, but situated completely outside this plane. The [SHo4]10+ squares form strongly corrugated layers perpendicular to [100] by corner‐sharing according to {[(S)(Ho1)2/2(Ho2)2/2]4+}. Contrary to the oxide oxosilicates the isolated oxosilicate tetrahedra [SiO4]4— do not lie within the rhombic meshes of these layers, but above and below the (Ho2)3+ cations while viewing along [100].  相似文献   

2.
[Mg3Cl5(Et2O)6]+: Synthesis, Structure, and Ab-Initio Calculations The cation [Mg3Cl5(Et2O)6]+ of a chlorogallat has been prepared in a reaction of Ga2Cl4 with MgCp and was characterized by a X-ray single-crystal structure analysis. For understanding of the conditions of formation of neutral and charged magnesium chlorids and of the processes in the complex reaction system ab-initio calculations were performed.  相似文献   

3.
LaCl(BO2)2 and Er2Cl2[B2O5]: Two Chloride Oxoborates of Trivalent Lanthanides Er2Cl2[B2O5] is obtained as single crystals by the reaction of ErCl3, Er2O3 and B2O3 with an excess of ErCl3 as flux in evacuated silica tubes after two weeks at 850 °C. The compound crystallizes as long, pale pink needles and appears to be air‐ and water‐resistant. Single‐crystalline LaCl(BO2)2 emerges from the reaction of La2O3, LaCl3, and B2O3 with an excess of B2O3 as flux in evacuated silica tubes after four weeks at 900 °C. LaCl(BO2)2 crystallizes as thin, colourless, air‐ and water‐resistant needles which tend to severe twinning due to their fibrous habit. The crystal structure of Er2Cl2[B2O5] (orthorhombic, Pbam; a = 1489.65(9), b = 1004.80(6), c = 524.86(3) pm; Z = 4) contains two crystallographically different erbium cations. (Er1)3+ resides in pentagonal‐bipyramidal coordination of seven anions while (Er2)3+ is surrounded by only six anions with the shape of an octahedron. The planar oxodiborate units [B2O5]4— consisting of two vertex‐shared [BO3]3— triangles are isolated according to {([BOO]2)4—}. LaCl(BO2)2 crystallizes isostructurally with PrCl(BO2)2 in the triclinic space group P1¯ (a = 423.52(4), b = 662.16(7), c = 819.33(8) pm; α = 82.081(8), β = 89.238(9), γ = 72.109(7)°; Z = 2). The characteristic unit consists of endless chains built up by corner‐linked [BO3]3— triangles. These quasi‐planar zigzag chains of the composition {[(B1)OO(B2)OO]2—} (≡ {[BO2]} run parallel [100]. The La3+ cations exhibit coordination numbers of ten and are coordinated by three Cl and seven O2— anions.  相似文献   

4.
On the Insertion into the Lanthanide–Carbon Bond. Synthesis and Structure of [Cp Sm(C6H5CH2NNO)]2 and [K(18-crown-6)Cp Yb(NCS)2] The compound [CpSm(CH2C6H5)(thf)] was investigated, regarding its reactions with small molecules. The main subject was to detect an insertion into the Ln–C bond. With N2O an insertion reaction is observed, yielding the dimer [CpSm(C6H5CH2NNO)]2 ( 1 ). The structural data of 1 was collected by a single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis. (Space group P 1, Z = 1, a = 982.8(2) pm, b = 1052.2(2) pm, c = 1383.8(3) pm, α = 89.29(3)°, β = 73.64(3)°, γ = 66.41(3)°). In the dimer, the two Samarium ions are linked via an (η1 : η2) bridge by two benzyl diazotato ligands. A nearly planar six-membered central Sm2N2O2-ring is formend. Two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands complete the coordination sphere of each Samarium ion, which are thus surrounded by four ligands each and have a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. An insertion of a SCN fragment in the Ln–C bond could not be observed. The substitution of the benzyl ligand leads to a polymeric chain structure. The new compound [K(18-crown-6)CpYb(NCS)2] 2 contains a tetrahedrally coordinated Yb(III)-ion. (Space group P21/n}, Z = 4, a = 1640.6(3) pm, b = 1482.2(3) pm, c = 1674.5(3) pm, β = 102.82(1)°).  相似文献   

5.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Holmium(III) Chloride Oxotellurate(IV) HoClTeO3 Orange coloured, rod—shaped single crystals of the holmium( III) chloride oxotellurate(IV) HoClTeO3 (orthorhombic, Pnma; a = 730.25(5), b = 696.54(5), c = 905.18(7) pm; Z = 4) are obtained during attempts to synthesize holmium(III) oxochlorotellurates(IV) by reaction of holmium oxychloride (HoOCl) and tellurium dioxide (TeO2; 1:1—2molar ratio, 800 °C, 40 d) in evacuated silica tubes. The crystal structure contains sevenfold coordinated Ho 3+ cations surrounded by five oxide and two chloride anions forming a pentagonal bipyramid. Interconnection of the [Ho(O1)(O2)4Cl2] polyhedra occurs via two edges made of four equatorial oxygen atoms (O2) under formation of {[Ho(O1)(O2)4/2Cl2/1]5‐} chains running parallel [010]. These arrange as hexagonal closest packing of rods and are linked to each other by Cl anions to a three—dimensional {[Ho(O1)1/1(O2)4/2Cl2/2]4‐} network. All Te4+ cations are embedded therein and exhibit ψ1—tetrahedral coordination figures as discrete anionic [Te(O1)(O2)2]2‐ pyramids due to the stereochemical activity of the non—binding electron pairs („lone pairs”︁). They stabilize the {[HoO3Cl]4‐} network via covalent bonds to one axial (O1) and two equatorial oxygen atoms (O2) of each [HoO5Cl2] polyhedron.  相似文献   

6.
Cs4[Sc6C]Cl13 and Cs4[Pr6(C2)]I13 — Two Examples for the Missing Link in the Connectivity of [M6Z]X X Building Units Cs4[Sc6C]Cl13 (tetragonal, I41/amd, a = 1 540.5(4), c = 1 017.9(7) pm, c/a = 0.661, Z = 4, R = 0.038, Rw = 0.026) and Cs4[Pr6(C2)]I13 (a = 1 804.9(3), c = 1 259.5(3) pm, c/a = 0.698, R = 0.106, Rw = 0.068) are obtained as green-black and blue-black single crystals with brass-like metallic lustre through metallothermic reduction of ScCl3 and PrI3, respectively, with cesium in the presence of carbon in sealed tantalum containers. The, overall, isotypic compounds contain isolated [Sc6C] and [Pr6(C2)] clusters, respectively, that are surrounded by 18 halide (X) ligands (12 Xi and 6 Xa; X = Cl or I). The connection is carried out via the motif [M6Z]XXXX (M = Sc and Pr; Z = C and C2, respectively) and is thereby the missing link of the motifs of connection for the composition Ax[M6Z]X13. Analogous interconnection of [TiO6] octahedra is found in the anatase-type of structure of TiO2.  相似文献   

7.
CuI‐based coordination polymers with 1, 2‐ethanedithiol, 3, 6‐dioxa‐1, 8‐octanedithiol and 3‐oxa‐1, 5‐pentanedinitrile as respectively μ‐S, S′ and μ‐N, N′ bridging ligands have been prepared by reaction of CuI with the appropriate alkane derivative in acetonitrile. equation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif[Cu(HSCH2CH2SH)2]I ( 1 ) contains 44 cationic nets, equation/tex2gif-stack-2.gif[(CuI)2(HSCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2SH)] ( 2 ) neutral layers in which stairlike CuI double chains are linked by dithiol spacers. In contrast to these 2D polymers, equation/tex2gif-stack-3.gif[CuI(NCCH2CH2OCH2CH2CN)] ( 3 ) and equation/tex2gif-stack-4.gif[(CuI)4(NCCH2CH2OCH2CH2CN)2] ( 4 ) both contain infinite chains with respectively (CuI)2 rings and distorted (CuI)4 cubes as building units. Solvothermal reaction of CuI with the thiacrown ether 1, 4, 10‐trithia‐15‐crown‐5 (1, 4, 10TT15C5) in acetonitrile affords the lamellar coordination polymer equation/tex2gif-stack-5.gif[(CuI)3(1, 4, 10TT15C5)] ( 7 ) in which copper atoms of individual CuI double chains are bridged in a μ‐S1, S4 manner. The third sulphur atom S10 of the thiacrown ether coordinates a copper(I) atom from a parallel chain to generate a 2D network.  相似文献   

8.
NC12H8(NH)2[Gd(N3C12H8)4] and [Gd(N3C12H8)3(N3C12H9)]·PhCN: A Contribution to the Reactivity and Crystal Chemistry of Homoleptic Pyridylbenzimidazolates of the Rare Earth Elements Transparent colourless crystals of the compound NC12H8(NH)2[Gd(N3C12H8)4] were obtained by solvent‐free reaction of gadolinium metal with molten 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐benzimidazole. Transparent yellow crystals of the compound [Gd(N3C12H8)3(N3C12H9)]·PhCN were obtained by further reacting NC12H8(NH)2[Gd(N3C12H8)4] with benzonitrile thermally. Both compounds exhibit homoleptic pure nitrogen coordinations of gadolinium, the PhCN ligand is not coordinating. Whilst NC12H8(NH)2[Gd(N3C12H8)4] is salt like and consists of (NC12H8(NH)2)+ and [Gd(N3C12H8)4] ions, [Gd(N3C12H8)3(N3C12H9)]·PhCN has a molecular structure of uncharged [Gd(N3C12H8)3(N3C12H9)] units.  相似文献   

9.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Vibrational Spectra of [OsBr(acac)(PPh3)] and [OsBr(acac)(AsPh3)] By reaction of tetrabromoacetylacetonatoosmate(IV) with PPh3 or AsPh3 in ethanol the complexes [OsBr(acac)(PPh3)] ( 1 ) and [OsBr(acac)(AsPh3)] ( 2 ) are formed, which are purified by chromatography on silica gel. X-ray structure determinations of single crystals of ( 1 ) (monoclinic, space group P 21/n, a = 13.035(2), b = 18.2640(14), c = 16.636(3) Å, β = 112.776(14)°, Z = 4) and ( 2 ) (monoclinic, space group P 21/c, a = 13.23(5), b = 18.35(2), c = 16.65(2) Å, β = 112.9(5)°, Z = 4) result in mean bond distances Os–P = 2.413, Os–As = 2.483, Os–Br = 2.488 and Os–O = 2.037 Å. The vibrational spectra (10 K) exhibit the inner ligand vibrations of the acac, PPh3 and AsPh3 groups with nearly constant frequencies and the stretching vibrations of OsP at 499–522, of OsAs at 330–339, of OsBr at 213–214 and of OsO in the range 460–694 cm–1.  相似文献   

10.
Synthesis, Vibrational Spectra, and Crystal Structure of ( n ‐Bu4N)2[(W6Cl )F ] · 2 CH2Cl2 and 19F NMR Spectroscopic Evidence of the Mixed Cluster Anions [(W6Cl )F Cl ]2–, n = 1–6 The reaction of (n‐Bu4N)2[(W6Cl)Cl] with CF3COOH in dichloromethane gives intermediately a mixture of the cluster anions [(W6Cl)(CF3COO)Cl]2–, n = 1–6. By treatment with NH4F the outer sphere coordinated trifluoracetato ligands are easily substituted and the components of the series [(W6Cl)FCl], n = 1–6 are formed and characterized by their distinct 19F NMR chemical shifts. An X‐ray structure determination has been performed on a single crystal of (n‐Bu4N)2[(W6Cl)F] · 2 CH2Cl2 (orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 15.628(4), b = 17.656(3), c = 20.687(4) Å, Z = 4). The low temperatur IR (60 K) and Raman (20 K) spectra are assigned by normal coordinate analysis based on the molecular parameters of the X‐ray determination. The valence force constants are fd(WW) = 1.89, fd(WF) = 2.43 and fd(WCl) = 0.93 mdyn/Å.  相似文献   

11.
Treatment of an acetonitrile solution of CuI with 1, 10‐dithia‐18‐crown‐6 (1, 10DT18C6) in the presence of Rb2CO3 leads to formation of the lamellar coordination polymer [Rb{Cu4I5(1, 10DT18C6)2}] ( 1 ).The anionic network of 1 is composed of parallel [(Cu4I5)] chains linked by bridging thiacrown ether ligands, pairs of which coordinate the Rb+ counter cations. [Cs{Cu5I6(1, 10DT18C6)2}] ( 2 ) can be prepared under similar conditions but contains separated helical anionic chains. In this case 1, 10DT18C6 ligands bridge copper atoms of individual chains in an intrastrand manner. In contrast the coordination networks in [(CuCN)2(1, 10DT18C6)] ( 3 ) and [K2{Cu12(CN)14(1, 10DT18C6)3} · CH3CN] ( 4 ) are both three‐dimensional and based on CuCN‐containing sheets bridged by 1, 10DT18C6 ligands. In the latter compound pairs of K+ cations are coordinated by groups of three thiacrown ether molecules. The neutral network of 3 can imbibe up to 31 % KNO3 per 1, 10DT18C6 pair without loss of lattice integrity.  相似文献   

12.
Reactions of dry THF/MeCN solutions of Ca[Re6SCl(Cla)6] with silylated derivatives E(SiMe3)2 (E = PhAs, PSiMe3, HN, O, S) and addition of trialkylphosphine PPr3 afford in high yields and at room temperature either the neutral clusters [Re6SX(PPr3)] ( 1 : X = As, 2 : X = P) or the ionic compounds [Re6SX(PPr3)]2+ · [Re6S6Cl8]2– ( 3 : X = NH, 4 : X = O, 5 : X = S). The compounds 1 – 5 were characterised by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. A di‐substitution reaction occurs on the {Re6SCl}4+ cluster core, where the two inner μ3‐chloro ligands Cli are substituted by X (X = As, P, NH, O, S) and all six terminal chloro ligands Cla are exchanged by terminal PPr3‐ligands.  相似文献   

13.
Lithium Triamidostannate(II), Li[Sn(NH2)3] – Synthesis and Crystal Structure Rusty-red glistening, transparent crystals of Li[Sn(NH2)3] were obtained by reaction of metallic lithium with tetraphenyl tin in liquid ammonia at 110 °C. The structure was determined from X-ray single-crystal diffractometer data: Space group P 21/n, Z = 4, a = 8.0419(9) Å, b = 7.1718(8) Å, c = 8.5085(7) Å, β = 90.763(8)°, R1 (F o ≥ 4σ(F o)) = 2.8%, wR2 (F ≥ 2σ(F )) = 5.3%, N(F ≥ 2σ(F )) = 1932, N(Var.) = 65. The crystal structure contains trigonal pyramidal complex anions [Sn(NH2)3] with tin at the apex, which are connected to layers of sequence A B A B … by lithium in tetrahedra-double units [Li(NH2)2/2(NH2)2]2.  相似文献   

14.
Conformation and Cross Linking of (CuCN)6‐Rings in Polymeric Cyanocuprates(I) equation/tex2gif-stack-8.gif [Cu2(CN)3] (n = 2, 3) The alkaline‐tricyano‐dicuprates(I) Rbequation/tex2gif-stack-9.gif[Cu2(CN)3] · H2O ( 1 ) and Csequation/tex2gif-stack-10.gif[Cu2(CN)3] · H2O ( 2 ) were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of CuCN and RbCN or CsCN. The dialkylammonium‐tricyano‐dicuprates(I) [NH2(Me)2]equation/tex2gif-stack-11.gif[Cu2(CN)3] ( 3 ), [NH2(iPr)2]equation/tex2gif-stack-12.gif[Cu2(CN)3] ( 4 ), [NH2(Pr)2]equation/tex2gif-stack-13.gif[Cu2(CN)3] ( 5 ) and [NH2(secBu)2]equation/tex2gif-stack-14.gif[Cu2(CN)3] ( 6 ) were obtained by the reaction of dimethylamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylamine or di‐sec‐butylamine with CuCN and NaCN in the presence of formic acid. The crystal structures of these compounds are built up by (CuCN)6‐rings with varying conformations, which are connected to layers ( 1 ) or three‐dimensional zeolite type cyanocuprate(I) frameworks, depending on the size and shape of the cations ( 2 to 6 ). Crystal structure data: 1 , monoclinic, P21/c, a = 12.021(3)Å, b = 8.396(2)Å, c = 7.483(2)Å, β = 95.853(5)°, V = 751.4(3)Å3, Z = 4, dc = 2.728 gcm—1, R1 = 0.036; 2 , orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 8.760(2)Å, b = 6.781(2)Å, c = 27.113(5)Å, V = 1610.5(5)Å3, Z = 8, dc = 2.937 gcm—1, R1 = 0.028; 3 , orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 13.504(3)Å, b = 7.445(2)Å, c = 8.206(2)Å, V = 825.0(3)Å3, Z = 4, dc = 2.023 gcm—1, R1 = 0.022; 4 , orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 12.848(6)Å, b = 13.370(7)Å, c = 13.967(7)Å, V = 2399(2)Å3, Z = 8, dc = 1.702 gcm—1, R1 = 0.022; 5 , monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.079(3)Å, b = 14.550(5)Å, c = 11.012(4)Å, β = 99.282(8)°, V = 1277.6(8)Å3, Z = 4, dc = 1.598 gcm—1, R1 = 0.039; 6 , monoclinic, P21/c, a = 16.215(4)Å, b = 13.977(4)Å, c = 14.176(4)Å, β = 114.555(5)°, V = 2922(2)Å3, Z = 8, dc = 1.525 gcm—1, R1 = 0.070.  相似文献   

15.
On the chemistry of the elements niobium and tantalum. 84. The niobium and tantalum complexes [Me6X]X · n H2O with Me = Nb, Ta; X1 = Cl, Br; Xa = Cl, Br, J The known and unknown compounds mentioned in the title were prepared. In this group of compounds four different crystal structures (A, B, C, D) occur. Lattice constants are given of the six compounds with structure C which crystallize in the hexagonal system and are isotypic with Ba2[Nb6Cl12]Cl6. Regarding the IR-spectra and the thermal behaviour, possible principles of structure are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Na10[P4(NH)6N4](NH2)6(NH3)0.5 with an Adamantane-like Anion [P4(NH)6N4]4? Crystals of Na10[P4(NH)6N4](NH2)6(NH3)0.5 were obtained by the reaction of P3N5 with NaNH2 (molar ratio 1:20) within 5 d at 600°C in autoclaves. The following data characterize X-ray investigations: Fm3 m, Z = 8, a = 15.423(2) Å, Z(F) = 261 with F ≥ 3 σ(F) Z(Variables) = 27, R/Rw = 0.086/0.089 The compound contains the hitherto unknown anion [P4(NH)6N4]4?, which resembles adamantane. The total structure can be described as follows: The centers of gravity of units of [Na8(NH2)6(NH3)]2+ – 8Na+ on the corners of a cube, 6NH2? on the ones of an inscribed octahedron with NH3 in the center – follow the motif of a cubic-closest packed arrangement. Units of [Na12(NH2)6]6+ – 12Na+ on the corners of a cuboctahedron and 6NH2? on the ones of an inscribed octahedron – occupy all octahedral and those of [P4(NH)6N4]4? all tetrahedral sites.  相似文献   

17.
A Chloroacid of Trivalent Rhenium: Hydroxonium Decachloro Diaqua Trirhenate(III) Pentahydrate, H3O[Re3Cl10(H2O)2] · 5H2O . A chloroacid of rhenium(III), H3O[Re3Cl10(H2O)2] · 5H2O, was obtained at room temperature from a saturated solution of “ReCl3 · 2H2O” with an excess of NaCl in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The crystal structure (tetragonal, P41212 (Nr. 92); a = 1 150.9(2) pm; c = 1 592.2(6) pm; Z = 4; R = 0.086; Rw = 0.066) has been determined from four-circle diffractometer data. The structure contains isolated cluster anions, [Re3ClClCli,t (H2O)]?, which are enclosed by a cage of water molecules. These building units are connected with each other through a “strong” hydrogen-bonding system.  相似文献   

18.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [N(Hex)4] [Cu2(CN)3] [N(Hex)4][Cu2(CN)3] has been prepared by solvothermal reaction of CuCN with Tetra‐n‐hexylammoniumiodide in acetone. The crystal structure is built up by condensed (CuCN)6 and (CuCN)7 rings, forming a zeolith type cyanocuprate(I) framework [Cu2(CN)3]. Space group R3; α = 44.482(6), c = 21.283(4) Å, V = 36471(9) Å3; Z = 9.  相似文献   

19.
NaAuIn2, a Ternary Auride with Ethane Analogous In2Au6 Building Units and [In2/2] Chains Silver coloured, brittle single crystals of NaAuIn2 were synthesized by the reaction of NaN3, gold-sponge and indium at 500°C. The structure was determined from X-ray single-crystal diffractometry data: space group Cmcm, Z = 4, a = 4.482(1) Å, b = 10.366(2) Å, c = 7.869(2) Å, R/Rw(w = 1) = 0.017/0.020, Z(F) ≥ 3σ(F) = 547 and N(var.) = 16. NaAuIn2 crystallizes in the MgCuAl2-structure type. Gold and indium form a framework structure. [AuIn6/3] layers with trigonal prismatically coordinated gold are connected via In—In contacts along [010] which consist of ethane analogous In2Au6-building units. The In-partial structure consists of saw tooth like [In2/2] chains along [001]. The sodium atoms occupy channel-like cavities within the Au—In framework structure.  相似文献   

20.
On TiF3 and Hexafluorotitanates(III): Cs2K[TiF6] and Rb2K[TiF6], with a remark on Rb3[TiF6] By “redox-reaction with the wall” according to A2B[CuF6] + Ti = A2B[TiF6] + Cu we obtained for the first time single crystals of the Hexafluorotitanates(III). The violett irregular single crystals of Cs2K[TiF6] (a = 9.115 Å) and Rb2K[TiF6] (a = 8.910 Å) crystalise in accordance with the single-crystal studies as supposed in spcgrp. O-Fm3m No. 225. Dark blue crystals of TiF3 crystalises in the VF3-Typ. Parameters see text. TiF3 (3.9–251.3 K) and Rb3[TiF6] (3.8–251.3 K) have been measured magnetically. The madelung part of lattice energy, MAPLE, and the effective coordination number, ECoN, via the mean fictive ionic radii, MEFIR, are calculated and discussed.  相似文献   

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