不同Cs、O电流比激活对GaAs光阴极灵敏度和稳定性的影响

鉴于不同的铯氧电流激活GaAs光阴极时会对激活过程和结果产生不同的影响,从而影响GaAs光阴极的灵敏度和稳定性.以固定铯源电流,改变氧源电流的方式获取不同铯、氧电流比,激活同类GaAs光阴极,得到了3组实验数据.对数据进行分析,结果表明:同类光阴极在相同条件下激活时,光电流出现的时间几乎一致,并且首个光电流峰值也非常接近;激活时ICs/IO=1.07是目前获得高灵敏度、高稳定性GaAs光阴极的最佳电流比,而ICs/IO=1.10时光阴极灵敏度低但稳定性好,ICs/IO=1.03时光阴极灵敏度高但稳定性差.双偶极层模型认为Cs、O激活后GaAs表面形成了稳定均匀的GaAs-O-Cs:Cs-O-Cs双偶极层,并达到了负电子亲和势,这一点与实验数据的分析结果相一致.该方法可用于提高GaAs光阴极灵敏度和稳定性.     

透射式GaAs光电阴极材料的MOCVD生长

用常压MOCVD装置,制备了透射式GaAs光电阴极材料。发射层P-型GaAs掺杂浓度到10¹⁸-10¹⁹cm^-3,少子扩散长度到4.02μm。AlGaAs层的Al组分含量到0.83,其吸收光谱长波限与设计值基本符合。利用此材料进行了阴极激活实验,制成了透射式GaAs光阴极。     

GaAs极化电子源激活的yo-yo过程研究

通过对GaAs晶体产生极化电子束流的实验过程研究,着重对yo-yo过程中不同的实验参数对产生极化束流以及束流稳定情况的影响进行了分析,为获得稳定而持久的极化电流提供了有力的实验支持,并讨论了极化电流强度的可控性. 关键词： GaAs晶体 极化电子束 yo-yo过程 激活     

GaAs光电阴极热清洗工艺研究

GaAs光电阴极在进行Cs-O激活前．激活层表面必须达到原子级洁净。最常用且最有效的洁净方法是高温热清洗法。然而．在热清洗过程中对处在真空系统中的光电阴极表面温度进行精确测量却是非常困难的。本文采用四极质谱仪对GaAs光电阴极激活前的热清洗过程进行分析．确定了最佳的热清洗温度及热清洗工艺，较好地解决了GaAs光电阴极激活前的热清洗工艺问题。     

NEA GaAs光电阴极激活工艺研究

本文报道了 GaAs 反射式光电阴极的激活工艺过程和结果.通过实验确定了 GaAs表面的热清洁温度,利用钼丝热辐射加热方法达到了比较理想的清洁效果,采用铯分子源和高纯氧作氧源获得了高于1000μA/1m 的激活积分灵敏度.     

砷化镓负电子亲合势光电阴极激活灵敏度在线检测与分析

模拟光电阴极灵敏度测试仪对GaAs阴极激活光源进行校准，并对透、反射阴极光电流比值对灵敏度的影响进行了讨论，实验结果证明，P^ 衬底和阴极组件激活灵敏度的差别主要来源于台外工艺质量的影响。     

高温Cs激活GaAs光电阴极表面机理研究

研究了高温Cs激活过程中,GaAs光电阴极表面势垒的变化机理。在考虑GaAs材料体内负电性p型掺杂杂质与材料表面正电性Cs+所形成的偶极子对表面势垒的作用后,通过求解均匀掺杂阴极中电子所遵循的一维连续性方程,得到了反射式均匀掺杂阴极的量子效率公式,通过求解薛定谔方程得到了到达阴极表面的光电子的逸出概率公式,利用公式对GaAs光电阴极的Cs激活过程进行了分析。分析发现,激活过程中GaAs光电阴极的量子效率和光电子的逸出概率正比于偶极子层的电场强度。     

透射式变掺杂GaAs光电阴极研究

为了将变掺杂GaAs材料应用于微光像增强器,开展了透射式变掺杂GaAs光电阴极实验研究,制备了2种反转结构透射式变掺杂GaAs光电阴极。测试了玻璃粘接前后GaAs光电阴极载流子浓度变化,发现高温粘接后载流子浓度增加现象。通过测试高温激活的透射式变掺杂GaAs光电阴极发现,在450 nm～550 nm波段内,变掺杂GaAs光电阴极仍然具有较高的光谱响应。     

GaAs阴极光电发射特性北大核心CSCD

采用氧过量YOYO激活工艺对经高温清洁的砷化镓(GaAs)晶片进行激活,测量其量子效率和在激光及背景光照射下的使用寿命,得到了4.66%的量子效率;在电子枪中的实验获得了平均流强大于1mA的束流。分析了真空度、高温清洁温度、铯氧激活工艺等因素对GaAs光阴极初始量子效率和使用寿命的影响。     

透射式GaAs光电阴极研究

本文叙述了透射式GaAs光电阴极的原理和制作过程,详细地研究了透射式GaAs光阴极的激活工艺,获得了500μA/1m的积分灵敏度.     

Surface structure and adsorption properties of ultrafine porous carbon fibers

Ultrafine porous carbon fibers (UPCFs) were successfully synthesized by chemical activation of electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers. In the current approach, potassium hydroxide was adopted as activation reagent. UPCFs were systematically evaluated by scanning electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption. The mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to preoxidized fibers, activation temperature and activation time are crucial for producing high quality UPCFs. The relationships between porous structure and process parameters are explored. UPCFs were applied as adsorbent for nitrogen monoxide to be compared with commercial porous carbon fibers.     

Influence of the supramolecular structure on the activation energy of steady-state creep in an oriented ultra-high-molecular weight poly(ethylene)

The stepwise change in the rate of steady-state creep of gel-crystallized and melt-pressed oriented ultra-high-molecular weight poly(ethylene) (UHMWPE) samples is studied using a precision Doppler meter at room temperature. The creep activation energies are calculated from the creep rates, and the distributions of activation barriers are determined. It is established that the distributions of activation barriers are characterized by three maxima whose positions, intensities, and half-widths depend on the supramolecular structure of the samples. These maxima are assigned to the activation barriers that are overcome in the course of shears of microfibrils inside the macrofibrils and between them in the bulk of the samples and on their surface.     

基于JMCT软件的中子活化数值模拟程序的开发和检验北大核心CSCD

中子活化产物和辐射特征的数值模拟程序是研究材料活化效应的重要工具。在JMCT软件的基础上开发了具备材料中子活化效应模拟能力的数值模拟程序,并将其命名为“中子活化数值模拟程序”,旨在将其应用于军控核查、核安全等领域的研究中。对该程序在核弹头内部中子输运和活化计算的准确性进行了验证,发现该程序对核弹头内部中子输运和活化的计算精度优良。利用该程序研究了混凝土地面核素在裂变核材料的裂变中子辐照下的活化效应,计算结果进一步验证了中子活化数值模拟程序的功能。     

Application of random walk concept to the cyclic diffusion mechanisms for self-diffusion in intermetallic compounds

Huntington–Elcock–McCombie (HEM) mechanism involving six consecutive and correlated jumps, a triple-defect mechanism (TDM) involving three correlated jumps and an anti-structure bridge (ASB) mechanism invoking the migration of an anti-structure atom are the three mechanisms currently in vogue to explain the self- and solute diffusion in intermetallic compounds. Among them, HEM and TDM are cyclic in nature. The HEM and TDM constitute the theme of the present article. The concept of random walk is applied to them and appropriate expressions for the diffusion coefficient are derived. These equations are then employed to estimate activation energies for self-diffusion via HEM and TDM processes and compared with the available experimental data on activation energy for self-diffusion in intermetallic compounds. The resulting activation energies do not favour HEM and TDM for the self-diffusion in intermetallic compounds. A comparison of the sum of experimentally determined activation energies for vacancy formation and migration with the activation energies for self-diffusion determined from radioactive tracer method favours the conventional monovacancy-mediated process for self-diffusion in intermetallic compounds.     

Laser induced activation of circuit lines and via-holes on AlN for electroless metal plating

Laser induced activation of fine lines and micro via-holes on aluminium nitride for electroless copper plating is studied. Differing from traditional techniques, this method is demonstrated as an additive and precursorless process, which requires fewer processing steps with good reliability. Ultraviolet, visible and infrared lasers are applied to activate aluminium nitride surfaces. The relations between the quality of activation and laser wavelength, energy density, repetition rate and repetition are described. Depth-dependent activation and metallization of micro via-holes in aluminium nitride using this method are observed and reported for the first time.     

Stability of freely propagating flames revisited

The stability of a plane, premixed flame is re-examined for finite activation energies. This stability problem must be solved numerically; however, the calculations are performed in the spirit of the infinite activation energy theory. Numerical difficulties in determining the steady solution for both adiabatic and non-adiabatic flames are identified and resolved. The stability equations are solved using the compound matrix method. The theory and calculations presented resolve all discrepancies between the infinite activation energy results and numerical calculations reported previously.     

Observation of unequal activation volumes of wall-motion and nucleation processes in Co/Pd multilayers

We report the difference in activation volumes of wall-motion and nucleation processes in Co/Pd multilayers. Each activation volume was estimated from field dependence of wall-motion speed and nucleation rate, obtained by real-time domain imaging using a magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope. Delicate analysis shows that the two activation volumes are generally unequal and the ratio between the volumes varies noticeably from 0.9 to 1.1 with change of the multilayered structure. We found that the inequality in the two activation volumes has a crucial influence on magnetization reversal behavior: a process having a smaller activation volume dominates.     

Thermal activation of magnetization in Pr_2Fe_(14)B ribbons

The aftereffect field of thermal activation,which corresponds to the fluctuation field of a domain wall,is investigated via specific measurements of the magnetization behavior in Pr2Fe14B nanocrystalline magnets.The thermal activation is a magnetization reversal arising from thermal fluctuation over an energy barrier to an equilibrate state.According to the magnetic viscosity and the field sweep rate dependence of the coercivity,the calculated values of the fluctuation field are lower than the aftereffect field and in a range between those of domain walls and individual grains.Based on these results,we propose that the magnetization reversal occurs in multiple ways involving grain activation and domain wall activation in thermal activation,and the thermal activation decreases the coercivity by~0.2 kOe in the Pr2Fe14B ribbons.     

铟封前后透射式GaAs光电阴极光谱响应特性的测试与分析

利用自行研制的光谱响应测试仪工程化样机,对透射式GaAs光电阴极在高温激活结束、低温激活结束以及铟封成管后的光谱响应特性进行了测试。结果显示,铟封后阴极整个响应波段的光谱响应下降,长波响应受到最显著的影响,表现为800~815 nm之间长波响应大幅度衰减,截止波长和峰值波长向短波移动,峰值响应和积分灵敏度减小,最终的光谱响应曲线变得平坦。阴极参量的计算结果反映铟封后阴极的表面逸出几率降低,说明铟封引起阴极表面激活层发生变化,使得能量较低的长波段光生电子不容易逸出,阴极长波响应和灵敏度随之降低。进一步分析了铟封过程中影响阴极表面激活层的因素。     

Kinetics versus thermodynamics in materials modeling: The case of the di-vacancy in iron

Monte Carlo models are widely used for the study of microstructural and microchemical evolution of materials under irradiation. However, they often link explicitly the relevant activation energies to the energy difference between local equilibrium states. We provide a simple example (di-vacancy migration in iron) in which a rigorous activation energy calculation, by means of both empirical interatomic potentials and density functional theory methods, clearly shows that such a link is not granted, revealing a migration mechanism that a thermodynamics-linked activation energy model cannot predict. Such a mechanism is, however, fully consistent with thermodynamics. This example emphasizes the importance of basing Monte Carlo methods on models where the activation energies are rigorously calculated, rather than deduced from widespread heuristic equations.