High vacuum ionization chamber with high spatial resolution for monitoring synchrotron radiation beams

The possibility of using an ionization chamber with a cutting collectorin vacuum (10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵ Pa) for online monitoring of the position of a synchrotron radiation (SR) beam is studied experimentally The possibility of measuring the vertical position of the SR beam with a precision of up to several micrometers is demonstrated in the high vacuum conditions of an open channel in the VEPP-4M storage ring (in the absence of a beryllium window). Two such ionization chambers operating synchronously and situated one after another can serve as a basis for the SR beam stabilization system in neighboring channels.     

合肥光源新的束团截面及发射度测量系统的研制

介绍了合肥光源储存环紫外光束团截面及束流发射度测量系统. 本系统采用光学探测, 由光学成像和图像采集处理两大部分组成. 光学成像部分利用光学成像将中心波长366.1nm紫外光1:1成像于CCD探测器上. 图像采集处理部分将CCD探测器采集的视频信号由电缆输出到图像采集卡进行图像采集, 然后由LabVIEW程序进行数据处理获得束团截面尺寸以及束流发射度和耦合度, 最后给出了实验结果.     

毫米波回旋超辐射的粒子模拟与实验研究

 为开发回旋超辐射在毫米波和亚毫米波超辐射高功率微波源中的优势,采用3维PIC粒子模拟对回旋超辐射的工作特性进行了分析,并在此基础上优化设计了器件结构及工作参数范围。模拟表明,微波峰值功率与电子束脉宽在一定范围内成平方关系,符合超辐射的典型特征。初步实验在210 kV, 250 A的电子束参数下获得了6 MW的微波峰值功率输出,工作频率37.2 GHz,模式为TE01,与粒子模拟的结果基本一致。     

影响同步辐射X射线螺旋显微CT的若干因素研究

同步辐射X射线是扁平光, 传统显微CT难以对长样品实现快速、高分辨、低剂量三维成像, 螺旋扫描的引入可以很好地解决这一难题. 本文采用数字模拟和实验的方法较为系统地研究了螺距、光斑竖直高度和180° 投影数对成像质量、速度的影响. 模拟结果表明, 在螺距不大于2的前提下, 180° 投影数增大, 误差减小, CT成像速度变慢; 光斑竖直高度增大, 速度加快; 螺距增大, 速度加快, 且误差在允许范围内; 选取合适的参数值使旋转平移比为整数, 误差最小. 同时, 优化参数并在上海光源实现螺旋显微CT, 从实验上验证了模拟结果. 研究表明, 通过优化各参数, 同步辐射螺旋显微CT可以实现快速高质量三维成像, 为以后的实际应用提供了依据.     

Design and realization of active infrared imaging system based on power-over-fiber technique

We present an active infrared monitoring system based on the power-over-fiber technique. The system realizes the following main functions: the power supply via optical fibers, the laser lighting, the image acquisition and processing. In the demonstration system, the high-power laser light (at the wavelength of 808 nm) in the base station is transmitted to the remote unit via a 200-m long multi-mode fiber, whose core diameter is 200 µm. The remote unit includes an optical beam splitter, a power manager module behind a photovoltaic power converter (PPC) to ensure a quasi-maximum power-supply, a camera, a microcontroller, and an optical transmitter. As the laser beam enters the remote unit, it is divided into three parts by an optical beam splitter. The first part is converted by the PPC to provide the required electrical power of the remote unit. Besides, to improve the power-supply ability of PPC, a maximum power point tracking technique is applied, and more than 77% of PPC’s maximum output power can be obtained. The other two parts of the laser beam pass through respective beam-shaping lenses and are used directly for the infrared laser lighting. Therefore, the active infrared monitoring is achieved without extra laser lighting sources. The collected image data are transmitted via another single-mode fiber to the base station for further data processing. Experiment result shows an active and unnoticed image monitoring in the dark environment.     

Transmission‐mode diamond white‐beam position monitor at NSLS

Two transmission‐mode diamond X‐ray beam position monitors installed at National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) beamline X25 are described. Each diamond beam position monitor is constructed around two horizontally tiled electronic‐grade (p.p.b. nitrogen impurity) single‐crystal (001) CVD synthetic diamonds. The position, angle and flux of the white X‐ray beam can be monitored in real time with a position resolution of 500 nm in the horizontal direction and 100 nm in the vertical direction for a 3 mm × 1 mm beam. The first diamond beam position monitor has been in operation in the white beam for more than one year without any observable degradation in performance. The installation of a second, more compact, diamond beam position monitor followed about six months later, adding the ability to measure the angular trajectory of the photon beam.     

A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPCⅡ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPCⅡ.In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %.By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as:sxe+ =sxe-=0.356 mm,sye+ =sye-=0.011 mm.     

Special-purpose radiation sources based on the Siberia-2 storage ring

Synchrotron radiation (SR) generated by homogeneous magnetic fields of bending magnets is now employed at the Siberia-2 electron storage ring. It is planned that, in the near future, most of the storage ring’s free straight sections will be equipped with insertion devices (undulators and wigglers). Two projects of specialized radiation sources based on the Siberia-2 stor age ring are discussed. The first source is a vacuum milliundulator intended for generation of extremely bright X-ray beams. An X-ray source with vertically limited diffraction is shown to be feasible when the vertical emittance of an electron beam is equal to the diffraction emittance of photons with an energy of 2 keV. The second source uses edge radiation (ER) generated at the ends of bending magnets of the storage ring. Calculations show that, in the infrared and ultraviolet spectral regions, the ER intensity must exceed the intensity of standard SR formed by the homogeneous field of a bending magnet.     

Suppression of coherent inelastic Mössbauer scattering of synchrotron radiation at grazing angles of incidence

Coherent inelastic Mössbauer scattering (CIMS) of synchrotron radiation (SR) by an isotopic interface (a flat interface between two regions of matter differing in the concentration of the Mössbauer isotope) at grazing angles of incidence of the SR beam is investigated theoretically. The qualitative features of CIMS as compared with conventional optics at small grazing angles of the SR beam are determined. Specifically, it is shown that for CIMS by an isotopic interface, instead of the phenomenon of total external (internal) reflection well known in optics, total suppression of reflection of the CIMS beam occurs at grazing angles of the SR beam less than a critical angle, and a maximum of the transmission and reflection at distinguished CIMS frequencies appears near the critical angle.     

A 300 µA Upgrade for the ISIS Accelerator

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is home to the world's leading spallation neutron source ISIS [1]. The ISIS neutron producing target is driven by a 50 Hz, 800 MeV, 200 _A proton beam from a rapid cycling synchrotron, which is fed by a 70 MeV H_ drift tube linac (DTL) which in turn accepts beam from an H_ 665 keV Cockcroft-Walton preinjector. The ever increasing international demand for neutrons has motivated a bid to build a second target station at ISIS, for which £100 million funding has recently been approved by the U.K. government [2]. The second target station, operating at 10 Hz, will provide new scientific opportunities in soft condensed matter, biology and advanced materials.     

一种带有弹簧的丝型同步光位置检测器

 介绍了合肥光源机器诊断光束线上具有弹簧系统的丝型光位置检测器，经过标定该检测器的线性范围大于4 mm，灵敏度约为0.197 9 mm^-1。通过不同束流流强下同步光垂直尺寸的测量，发现束流流强对同步光垂直尺寸的影响不大，不需要对灵敏度进行修正。进行了无氧铜板施加正偏压的测量，在施加正偏压时能够提高线性范围和略改善信噪比。     

Fourier treatment of near-field synchrotron radiation theory

In this paper, we couple synchrotron radiation (SR) theory with a branch of physical optics, namely laser beam optics. We show that the theory of laser beams is successful in characterizing radiation fields associated with any SR source. Both radiation beam generated by an ultra-relativistic electron in a magnetic device and laser beam are solutions of the wave equation based on paraxial approximation. It follows that they are similar in all aspects. In the space-frequency domain SR beams appear as laser beams whose transverse extents are large compared with the wavelength. In practical situations (e.g. undulator, bending magnet sources), radiation beams exhibit a virtual “waist” where the wavefront is often plane. Remarkably, the field distribution of a SR beam across the waist turns out to be strictly related with the inverse Fourier transform of the far-field angle distribution. Then, we take advantage of standard Fourier Optics techniques and apply the Fresnel propagation formula to characterize the SR beam. Altogether, we show that it is possible to reconstruct the near-field distribution of the SR beam outside the magnetic setup from the knowledge of the far-field pattern. The general theory of SR in the near-zone developed in this paper is illustrated for the special cases of undulator radiation. Using known analytical formulas for the far-field pattern and its inverse Fourier transform we find analytical expressions for near-field distributions in terms of far-field distributions.     

基于四象限光位置检测器的同步光位置测量系统

 为了克服现有双丝型检测器无法进行水平、垂直两个方向同时测量同步光位置的缺点,合肥光源新研制了基于四象限光位置检测器的同步光位置测量系统,并使用对数比处理技术进行后续的数据处理。通过分别对光学成像系统和四象限光位置检测器的标定,最终得到基于四象限光位置检测器的光位置测量系统的性能参数为:水平方向灵敏度0.471 2 mm^-1,线性范围为±1.83 mm,垂直方向灵敏度0.635 0 mm-1,线性范围±1.32 mm。与合肥光源现有的光位置测量系统相比,具有较高的性价比。     

Transmission beam pattern and echolocation signals of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

The transmission beam pattern of an echolocating harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) was measured in both the vertical and horizontal planes. An array of seven Brüel and Kjaer 8103 hydrophones connected to an amplifier-line driver module was used to measure the beam patterns. The porpoise was trained to station in a hoop and echolocate a cylindrical target located at a range between 7 and 9 m while the array was located 2 m in front of the hoop. The 3-dB beamwidth in both the vertical and horizontal planes was the same at approximately 16 degrees and the beam was pointed toward the forward direction. The individual hydrophones in both the vertical and horizontal arrays measured signal waveforms that were similar throughout the 40-degree span of the array. The porpoise emitted signals with intervals that were 20 to 35 ms longer than the round trip travel time between the animal and the target. The average source level, peak frequency, and bandwidth were 157 dB, 128 kHz, and 16 kHz, respectively.     

Transfiguration of extracting mirror in synchrotron radiation system at SSRF

The first extracting mirror is very important for synchrotron radiation monitor (SRM). The SRM system of SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) should extract the visible light with low optical distortion. The analysis of SR power spectrum and heat transfiguration based on Matlab is introduced in this paper, which will be used in calibration. One beryllium mirror with water-cooling is used to transmit X-ray and reflect visible light to satisfy the measurement request. The existing system suffers from a dynamic problem in some beam physics study. The system includes optics, image acquisition and interferometers. One of the instruments is a digital camera providing the image of the beam transverse profile. The hardware configuration will be summarized. The synchrotron radiation measurement system has been in operation in SSRF for more than one year.     

大型建筑物双向位移测量方法

为了同时对大坝等大型建筑物被测点水平和垂直方向的移位进行监测,提出一种基于几何投影关系的光电检测方法。该方法以透明模板为基底,将计量光栅制作在模板上,模板固定在被测结构上。利用自聚焦准直镜的出射光束反映基准线与模板的相对空间关系。接收镜将载有模板模式信息的返回光束经光缆传输到监测中心,经光电变换、模数转换和信号分析解出被测点的水平和垂直位移量。实验表明：水平位移检测精度可达0.005mm,垂直位移检测精度可达0.1mm。检测点处的传感器无任何电子学元件,对被测点部位恶劣环境有很好的适应能力和抗干扰能力。     

Beam chopper development at LAMPF

In order to reduce pileup limitations on μSR data rates, a fast chopper for surface muon beams was built and tested at LAMPF. The system allowed one muon at a time to be stopped in a μSR sample in the following way: A surface beam from the LAMPF Stopped Muon Channel was focused through a crossed-field beam separator and onto a chopper slit. With the separator E and B fields adjusted properly, the beam could pass through the slit. The beam to the μSR sample was turned on or off (chopped) rapidly by switching the high voltage applied to the separator plates on or off within approximately 500 ns; with the E field off, the B field deflected the beam, dumping it near the slit. We demonstrated that, with improved electronics, we will be able to stop a single muon in a μSR sample as frequently as once every 20 μs and that data rates for the system can be a factor of five higher than is attainable with unchopped beams. The observed positron contamination of the beam was less than five percent, and the ratio of the muon rate with beam on to the rate with beam off was 1540.     

Beam diagnostic developments at the cooler synchrotron COSY-Jülich

New developments of beam diagnostic devices and methods at the cooler synchrotron and storage ring COSY at the Forschungszentrum Jülich are described. A Schottky-pickup was tested and installed. The new pickup consists of four diagonally arranged plates which can be combined by means of relays to measure either in the horizontal or in the vertical plane. A new method for resonant tuning of the Schottky-pickup for transversal measurements was realized. A tune meter was developed for real-time tune measurements in the acceleration ramp and is used as routine diagnostic tool. Based on the developed bunch synchronous tracking generator an on-line phase space measurement was realized. For beam profile measurements a residual-gas ionization beam profile monitor was installed in the COSY-ring and tested. To measure the beam quality in case of fast and slow extraction a universal spill detector was developed and tested in the extraction beam line.     

Stability of an ion beam in synchrotrons with digital filters in the feedback loop of a transverse damper

The stability of an ion beam in synchrotrons with digital filters in the feedback loop of a transverse damper is treated. A transverse feedback system (TFS) is required in synchrotrons to stabilize the high intensity ion beams against transverse instabilities and to damp the beam injection errors. The TFS damper kicker (DK) corrects the transverse momentum of a bunch in proportion to its displacement from the closed orbit at the location of the beam position monitor (BPM). The digital signal processing unit in the feedback loop between BPM and DK ensures a condition to achieve optimal damping. Damping rates of the feedback systems with digital filters are analysed in comparison with those in an ideal feedback system.