Active noise control in a duct by an analog neural network circuit

Conventional active noise control (ANC) in ducts has been realized with digital signal processing. The physical size of the conventional ANC systems is usually large owing to the signal processing interval, and the cost of the system depends on the price of the digital signal processor (DSP). This paper proposes a new ANC system with an analog neural network circuit, which will process signals in short time periods without DSP. The proposed neural network circuit has a simple structure consisting of analog multipliers and an integrator, and we simulated the performance of the circuit by HSPICE. We also fabricated a circuit connected to a real duct and confirmed operation of the proposed ANC system.     

Diffractive scanning mechanism for laser marker

We present a new idea of marking based on spectral properties of CO₂ laser radiation. The idea has been illustrated on RF excited waveguide CO₂ lasers in different configurations: single channel, multi-waveguide and slab-waveguide ones. The pulse operation of the laser has been considered as well. The advantage of the presented diffraction marker is avoiding complicated and fallible mechanical elements. The only executive elements of the marker are a diffraction grating and a piezoceramic transducer. It has been shown that the slab-waveguide configuration of the RF excited CO₂ laser equipped with an unstable resonator is the most promising configuration for application to the diffraction marker.     

激光打标系统及工艺参数的分析

介绍了激光打标系统的结构,并以Nd：YAG振镜式激光打标机为例,分析其控制原理和计算机控制系统的扩展功能,并分别说明基于点阵扫描与矢量扫描两种方式对图形进行处理的打标方法。通过对标记机理和工艺过程的介绍,着重分析了工艺参数的选择对标记效果的影响。     

用基于DSP的线阵CCD实现二维图像信号采集的系统设计

对光电转换系统，尤其是采集信号的后处理进行了研究。介绍了在光电精密数据采集处理中通过DSP用硬件实现对CCD信号的采集和处理过程。给出了对CCD信号进行边缘识别的微分算法和将线阵CCD信号进行组合，恢复出二维图像信号的算法。同时还给出了详细的硬件处理电路。重点介绍了DSP与FIFO的数据传输、DSP与USB的接口电路。解决了一般情况下系统无法做到的用线阵CCD实现二维图像信号复原的问题。通过实验，证明了该方法的有效性。线阵CCD信号是以若干线段的形式存在的，特别适用于激光雕刻机图像采集系统，应用前景广阔。     

Laser marking of a laminated surface characterized by an optodynamic method

Marking plain surfaces using laser ablation is widely used in a serial production. However, during a laser marking of small laminated surfaces, a problem arises as a consequence of the gaps between the laminations; this tends to decrease the efficiency of the process. Therefore, a real-time measuring method that can be implemented in an industrial system for laser processing is required. In this contribution, we describe an optodynamic method for the on-line characterization of pulsed-laser marking of a laminated surface. The processing-laser beam generates an optodynamic response, i.e., the shock waves, which then spread into the surrounding gas. By using a laser-beam-deflection probe, the analysis of the obtained signals indirectly enables the real-time monitoring of the surface structure. Evaluation of the results obtained by our on-line measuring method is made by two techniques: non-destructive microscopy with extended depth of field and destructive cross-section measurements with optical microscopy. The performed experiments demonstrate that the established experimental system can simultaneously detect the changes in the laser-marking process. Furthermore, it can provide the position and the size of a gap as well as the orientation and the inclination of the samples.     

Frequency Stabilization of Waveguide CO2 Laser by a Digital Technique

In this work we present a simple technique for laser frequency stabilization, based on Digital signal processing. The technique is used to stabilize a waveguide CO₂ laser of wide tunability by using three kinds of reference signals: the CO₂ laser ouptut power, an infrared absorption optoacoustic signal and the output power of a Far-Infrared optically pumped molecular laser.     

一种简单高精度超声液位计系统的设计与实现

介绍了超声时延法测距的基本原理,设计并实现了一种基于DSP的超声液位计系统,改进国内同类产品精度和稳定度偏低的问题。利用选用的AD、DSP芯片特点,给出了一种简单高效率的超声换能器驱动电路和回波采集放大电路的实现方案;使用通用16位定点DSP芯片TMS320VC5502,实现测距算法,增强了后端数字信号处理能力;使用收发一体窄带超声换能器发射和接收超声信号,其中心频率20kHz,3dB带宽1kHz。实验结果表明,本系统测量范围为0.5～18m,测量精度可达到测量距离的0.5%。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

基于DSP的激光自混合干涉测振仪信号采集与处理系统

结合三角波电流调制型激光自混合干涉技术,设计了基于DSP的数据采集与处理系统,完成了对来自光电探测器的干涉信号的采集与处理。该系统接口电路简单灵活,具有采样频率可由程序设置、采集速度和精度较高,并且可以实现6通道同步采样转换的特点。实验结果表明,该数据采集与处理系统完全能够满足高速交变激光自混合干涉信号的采集与处理在实时性和高精度方面的要求。     

基于DSP的高功率TEACO_2激光器控制系统的高精度数据采集

针对基于DSP的高功率TEA CO2激光器控制系统直接利用DSP F2812内置A/D转换器(ADC)进行模拟量采样时存在转换误差较大,且模拟量易受电磁干扰等问题,从硬件和软件两个角度提出了校正DSP2812内置ADC的方法。硬件上采用硬件模拟滤波和隔离等手段对输入的模拟量进行处理;软件校正则通过将两路给定的参考电压值送入DSPF2812内置A/D转换器的两个转换通道,计算出ADC的偏置误差和增益误差,以此误差对其它通道A/D转换器进行校正。最后,实验分析了参考电压和A/D采样时钟频率对A/D转换精度的影响。结果表明,提出的方法能有效地提高A/D转换器的精度,A/D转换误差达到±3 LSB,特别是在对腔压值精度要求很高的0～12 000 Pa区段,A/D转换精度达±1 LSB,可以保证TEA CO2激光器的可靠运行。     

多阶光存储原理分析及其读写系统前端信号处理研究

运用矢量衍射理论的计算方法(耦合波方法，时域有限差分法)，对两种多阶光存储方案(坑深调制，坑形调制)进行了原理性分析，并简略分析了利用相变材料的幅值调制实现多阶存储的原理.由此得出多阶光存储技术的实现是利用了光与物质之间的相互作用，使光对记录介质产生作用，同时介质也对光的某些特性进行调制，而这些特征的改变一般都不止两个状态0或1，用数字方式将这多个状态记录下来便实现了多阶数字存储.此外,还提出了多阶光盘前端信号处理系统的设计与开发.该系统是多阶光存储实验系统的重要组成部分，可输出RF,TE,FE等伺服与误差信号，并将信号反馈给多阶处理芯片；同时系统还可对光学头的激光读写功率及写入时间进行控制，并能使其实现自动调焦和道跟踪. 关键词： 多阶光存储 矢量衍射理论 时域有限差分法     

Study of a line width estimation model for laser micro material processing using a photodiode

Estimation of the line width for a laser marking on the silicon wafer is very important to improve the productivity of the final product which use nonpackaged chip. Until now, only theoretical and numerical estimation models have been studied. However, it is not easy for these models to apply to real systems. In this study, a process monitoring system was used to develop an estimation model for the laser marking width. The plasma produced by interaction between the laser and the wafer was measured using an optical sensor. For each laser power setting, the correlation between the signal acquired from the optical sensor and the resulting line width was analyzed. Estimation models were developed for laser marking width through statistical regression analysis and an artificial neural network algorithm.     

High speed and high accuracy inspection of in-tray laser IC marking using line scan CCD with a new calibration model

This study used a high-speed high-resolution line scan CCD, and a Delta motor drive module to provide position feedback in a laser marking system. Based on a novel algorithm, image processing of the high-speed CCD scan was allowed the accurate determination of the laser marking location. This system was calibrated using a template, and a novel 1-D calibration model of the line scan CCD was developed. The relevant position of each IC in the tray was obtained based on the calibration algorithm. Gain and offset calibration, sub-pixel calculation, and normalized checks were performed in this automatic optical inspection system. The total processing time for laser correction marking, scanning and identification was about 2～2.5 s, the positioning accuracy was×9 μm, and the industrial specification and process capability index Cpk reached over 1.2.     

Correction of field distortion of laser marking systems using surface compensation function

Laser scanning systems are extensively applied in laser marking, laser printers, laser projection, and laser coding. They represent a very mature technique in the marking industry, and the galvanometric scanning systems are usually adopted in the laser marking system. Although the galvanometric scanning system usually increases the marking speed, it is usually accompanied by field distortion. The paper gives a correction method for the field distortion of a laser marking system, which, using the surface curve fitting function, corrected the control system of the scanning system. The field distortion errors of the laser marking system are corrected by the surface compensation function, which, using the surface curve fitting method, obtained the corrected position of laser spots. The results in this paper indicate that field-distortion errors of laser marking systems are effectively corrected by the surface compensation function. Moreover, the compensation method would be widely adopted to increase the accuracy of most two-dimensional machine systems, such as XY table, etc.     

Robust and precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber using an optical interferometric method with a digital phase-frequency discriminator

We have developed an optical fiber length stabilization system for the distribution of reference millimeter wave signals in a long-baseline phased-array radio telescope. The fiber length was compared with an absolute wavelength reference laser using a Michelson interferometer. We used a digital servo system including a digital phase-frequency discriminator with a wide phase dynamic range and a digital signal processor (DSP) for the digital servo system. All-digital servo system made it possible to realize a robust and precise length stabilization of a 25-km long optical fiber. PACS 42.62.Eh; 42.81.Uv; 95.55.Jz     

用308nm准分子激光对几种卷烟用纸打标的研究

激光打标由于具有快速、精度高及非接触等优点，是激光在工业领域的又一应用。准分子激光是一种大功率高重复率的紫外激光器，与ＣＯ２、ＹＡＧ等红外激光相比，一般具有打标效率高、热效应小、图案更精密等优点。近年来国内外均对准分子激光打标进行了一些研究，主要集中在对金属、高分子聚合物及陶瓷等硬脆材料的打标的研究。本文研究了用３０８ｎｍ准分子激光对几种卷烟用纸打标。用适当能量密度的３０８ｎｍ准分子激光对印有数种颜色的烟盒纸、过滤嘴纸打标，获得了清晰可见的图案标记。分析了该打标过程的作用机理，通过实验得出了对几种不同的卷烟用纸打标的能量密度阈值条件及优化条件。     

Development of a PC interface board for true color control using an Ar–Kr white-light laser

For the optimal laser display, it is crucial to select and control color signals of proper wavelengths in order to construct a wide range of laser display colors. In traditional laser display schemes, color control has been achieved through the mechanical manipulation of red, green, and blue (RGB) laser beam intensities using color filters. To maximize the effect of a laser display and its color contents, it is desirable to generate laser beams with wide selection of wavelengths. We present an innovative laser display control technique, which generates six channel laser wavelengths from a white-light laser using a RF-controlled polychromatic acousto optical modulator (PCAOM). This technique enables us not only to control the intensity of individual channels, but also to achieve true color signals for the laser beam display including RGB, yellow, cyan, and violet (YCV), and other intermediate colors. For the optimal control of the PCAOM and galvano-mirror, we designed and fabricated a PC interface board. Using this PC control, we separated the white-light from an Ar–Kr mixed gas laser into various wavelengths and reconstructed them into different color schemes. Also we demonstrated the effective control and simultaneous display of reconstructed true color laser beams on a flat screen.     

CO-laser photoacoustic detection of phosgene (COCl2)

Detection of COCl₂, a highly toxic gas in chemical industry, using laser photoacoustic spectroscopy is presented. The spectrophone system used has a broad band LN₂ cooled CW CO laser as a source of radiation, which operates from 4.8–8.4 um in the mid-infrared. Using an extracavity open longitudinal resonant cell, absorption signals to about 30 CO laser lines in the 5.45 um region could be observed. detection sensitivity has been estimated to be ppb order.This work has been supported by the NSFC     

In-process high power CO2 laser beam position sensing

The case for in-process sensing is one of the strengths of laser materials processing, both in the variety of signals obtainable from the process and the range of techniques for beam guidance. It is known that beam/nozzle alignment is of importance for high quality laser cutting. Thus, an in-process beam position sensing system was devised in this study as one of the potential tools for automation of the cutting process. Further, if the beam could be stabilized at a given location automatically this would be equivalent to relocating the laser beam. Laser beam position sensing is the first step towards this goal. The aim of this study is to create a beam position sensing system. This work presents a new approach using a rotating slit, a focusing lens and a photodetector. An automatic alignment procedure is also investigated.     

Dynamic models relating processing parameters and melt track width during laser marking of clay tiles

This paper describes two dynamic models relating processing parameters and melt pool width during laser marking/engraving of clay tiles using a high-power diode laser. The models were determined by process identification techniques and were validated with a PI algorithm. The output variable considered for the laser clay tile marking process was melt pool width, measured by using a fast CCD recording system and analysed with an image-processing software. The input quantities investigated were laser power and traverse speed. Reasonable agreements between the measured data and the model outputs were achieved. Errors less than 1.3 μm of the melt pool width for the operating points were found. On the basis of these models a simple PI-controller was designed and tuned to guarantee zero steady-state error in case of an absorptivity disturbance.