Der Zerfall des163Tb

The beta and gamma radiations of¹⁶³Tb have been investigated employing scintillation and semiconductor spectrometers and coincidence techniques. The sources were produced by the¹⁶³Dy(n,p)¹⁶³Tb reaction. A half-life of 19.5 min has been measured without evidence for an isomeric state in the half-life range of 2 sec to 7 d; especially a 6.5 h activity previously assigned to¹⁶³Tb could not be confirmed. 76 of the total of 82 gamma-ray transitions, representing 99.6% of the gamma-ray intensity, could be assigned to 23 levels in¹⁶³Dy. From beta and beta-gamma coincidence measurements aQβ-value of 1.7 ± 0.1 MeV has been determined. Spin and parity of 3/2⁺ are deduced for the ground state of¹⁶³Tb with the Nilsson configuration [411↑]. The level at 884 keV is interpreted as aJ ^π=1/2⁺ state with a high contribution of the three-quasiparticle configurationp[411↑]-p[523↑]-n[523↓] because of an allowed unhindered beta-ray transition to this level.     

Der Zerfall des Cu61

Theγ-ray-spectrum of Ni⁶¹ associated with the E.C. andΒ ⁺-decay of Cu⁶¹ has been measured with a Ge(Li)-counter. The observed 14 newγ-ray-transitions led to a new level-scheme for this decay with Ni⁶¹-Ievels at: 67.7, 282.9, 656.0, 907.9, 1099.8, 1132.7, 1186.8, 1610.6, 1730.8 and 2128.0 keV. Five of these levels were known from earlier investigations of Cu⁶¹-decay, but all of them could be identified with some of previously reported levels found in scattering experiments. As far as possible spin and parity assignments have been made and are compared with the results of scattering experiments.     

Der Zerfall des94Sr

The nuclide⁹⁴Sr was isolated by chemical separation methods after thermal neutron induced fission of²³⁵U. Its decay properties were investigated employing semi-conductor spectrometers and coincidence techniques. A half-life of 74.1±0.3 sec was found. Besides the 1428.3 keV γ-ray we found 4 new γ-rays which could be placed in a decay scheme comprising three excited states of⁹⁴Y. The 1⁺ states in theuu-nuclides^90,92,94Y and^88,90,92Rb are compared.     

Der Zerfall des Se71

The present paper starts form the original Ginzburg-Landau-equations of superconductivity and the linear theory of elasticity for internal stresses as well as the experimental fact that the specific volume and the elastic constants vary throughout the superconducting phase. With the aid of phenomenological expressions for the free energy and the spontaneous deformation (superconductive magnetostriction) of a deformable type II superconductor, a general method is given for the determination of the interaction between the field of the order parameter, the magnetic field, and the field of the elastic deformations. For an isolated straight vortex-line and for a straight vortex-line in the neighbourhood of a dislocation of arbitrary character, formulas for the internal stresses are derived using first order perturbation theory (corresponding to first powers in the changes of specific volume and elastic constants).     

Der Zerfall des Ruthenium 95

Theγ-spectrum of Tc⁹⁵ associated with the E.C.- and β⁺-decay of Ru⁹⁵ has been measured with a Ge(Li)-counter and a NaJ-crystal. 12 newγ-ray transitions have been found in these spectrums. To propose a new level-schemeγ-γ-coincidences have been taken with 2 NaJ-crystals in a two-dimensional device. Besides this the total conversion coefficient of the 336 keV transition was measured by detecting the electrons in a Si(Li)-counter and theγ-rays in a NaJ-crystal.     

Der Zerfall des95Sr

The nuclide⁹⁵Sr was isolated by chemical separation methods after thermal neutron induced fission of²³⁵U. It's decay properties were investigated employing semiconductor spectrometers and coincidence techniques. A half-life of 24.4±0.2 sec was found. Out of 29 gamma rays, 25 transitions representing 97% of the observed gamma-ray intensity were placed in a decay scheme comprising 19 excited states of⁹⁵Y.     

Der Zerfall des Gd153

Several algebraic characterizations of vacuum type III metric fields are discussed. A covariant integral conservation law is obtained by introducing a divergence free vector density that is uniquely determined by the metric and Riemann tensors of a type III metric. In a region where the gravitational field is of type III almost everywhere, the vector density vanishes at a point if and only if the Riemann tensor vanishes there. The conserved quantity has the dimensions of energy but is probably not simply related to energy in the ordinary sense. The conservation law is interpreted as aHuyghen's principle for an intensity measured by measuring the relative accelerations due to the gravitational field. It is compared to a previously derived action conservation law for a classical, general relativistic electromagnertic field and with a covariant action conservation law that is valid in null (degeneate type II) metrics. Further propagation laws for null and type III waves are given under the assumption that the wave vector is hypersurface orthogonal. It is shown that in linear approximation the far and semi-far fields of a radiating quadrupole are null and type III respectively; the form of the conservation laws in these linearized metrics is discussed. In an appendix a “strongly” conserved form of the tensor ofBel andRobinson is suggested.     

Der Zerfall des77Kr

⁷⁷Kr (T _1/2=1.2 h) was produced by bombarding⁷⁶Se with 48 MeV-α-particles. After irradiation the radioactive⁷⁷Kr gas was collected in glass ampoules filled with charcoal and cooled by liquid air. The decay of⁷⁷Kr has been investigated using Ge(Li)-counters and a Ge(Li)-Ge(Li)-coincidence circuit. 27 γ-transitions, 13 of them unknown up to the present, have been found and their relative intensities have been determined. A level scheme for⁷⁷Kr→⁷⁷Br having 14 levels is proposed. This accounts for all the observed γ-transitions.     

Der Zerfall des Co56

Theγ-ray-spectrum of Fe⁵⁶ associated with the E.C.- andβ ⁺-decay of Co⁵⁶ has been measured with Ge(Li)-crystals. 6 newγ-ray-transitions have been found in this spectrum deexciting 3 new levels in Fe⁵⁶. The intensities of these transitions have been estimated and a new level-scheme is proposed. The new levels could be identified with some of previously reported levels found in Fe⁵⁶(p, p′)-measurements.     

Der Zerfall des Sr94

Using a mass spectroscopic device we have investigated theβ-decay of the short-lived fission product Sr⁹⁴. A strong 1·42 MeV-γ-radiation is found to be in coincidence with an allowedβ-decay of maximum energy of 2·1 MeV. The halflife of the decay is redetermined to 72±7 sec.     

Der Zerfall des Gd151

The electron-capture decay of Gd¹⁵¹ was investigated by means ofγ- andγ-γ-coincidence spectrometry, using scintillation counters. Besides the knownγ-rays of 22 kev, 154 kev, 175 kev, 244 kev and 308 kev additionalγ-transitions with energies of 107 kev and 350 kev could be assigned to the decay of Gd¹⁵¹.γ-γ-coincidence measurements showed the following cascade transitions: (107 kev–244 kev), (154 kev–175 kev–22 kev) and (308 kev–22 kev). TheK-conversion-coefficients of several transitions were determined by comparing theγ-intensities and the previously known conversion electron-intensities, using a direct measurement of theK-conversion-coefficient of the 175 kev-transition by a delayed coincidence-experiment as a normalization of the relative intensities. With the available information a level-scheme for Eu¹⁵¹ is proposed.     

Der Zerfall des93Sr

Optical transmission, reflexion and absorption of thin films of the alkali metal rubidium were measured as a function of thickness for ∥ and ⊥ polarised monochromatic radiations having wavelenghts between 3000 and 6000 Å, incident from the vacuum side as well as from the quartz-support side at angles of 45 ° and 30 ° resp. The films were prepared by evaporation in static ultrahigh vacuum (～ 10^?10 Torr) onto a cooled (90 °K) smooth surface of a thin, plane-parallel plate of polycrystalline quartz. The thickness of the slowly condensing films was varied continuously from zero to some thousand Angström-units corresponding to the bulk metal. The results obtained permit the identification of the volume- or the surface-character of the different plasma oscillations and, in the latter case, the surface they are attached to, the determination of their resonance frequency and a quantitative analysis of their developement with increasing film thickness.     

Der Zerfall des Cu60

Theγ-ray-spectrum of Ni⁶⁰ associated with the E.C.- and β⁺-decay of Cu⁶⁰ has been measured with Ge(Li)-crystals. The observedγ-ray-transitions led to a new levelscheme for this decay with Ni⁶⁰-levels at: 1332, 2159, 2286, 2627, 3125, 3196, 3272, 3391, 4025, 4080, 4332, 4500, 4554 and 4584 keV, most of them could be identified with previously reported levels found in scattering experiments. As far as possible spin and parity assignments have been made, and the levels are compared with phonon and quasi-particle theory.     

Der Zerfall des Mn52m

Mn^52m(T _1/2=21 m) was produced by irradiating iron-foiles with deuterons ofE _d =9 MeV. Coincidences ofγ-rays with the main 1434 keV-transition had been sought for with the aid of a scintillation fast-slow-coincidence circuit. There was no evidence ofγ-lines which had been found earlier byKatoh et al. atγ-energies 700, 940, 1020, 1150, 1370, 1520 keV. If these transitions exist, their relative intensities are less than 0.7% (700 keV) and 0.3% (all others) per decay of Mn^52m.     

Der radioaktive Zerfall des Fe61

Fe⁶¹(T _1/2=5.95 min) was produced irradiating Ni⁶⁴ and natural nickelfoils with fast neutrons in the reaction Ni⁶⁴(n, α)Fe⁶¹; Fe was chemical seperated. The gamma and beta spectrum were investigated with Ge(Li)-counters, NaJ(Tl) and plastic scintillation spectrometers. Fe⁶¹ emits five gamma rays having the energies and intensities per Fe⁶¹ decay: 121 keV (0.064), 177 keV (0.027), 298 keV (0.293), 1025 keV (0.461), 1202 keV (0.539). Threeγγ-cascades could be identified: 121–177 keV, 121–1202 keV, 298–1025 keV. Inγ β-coincidence measurements the maximal beta energy was determined:E _βmax=2.86 MeV. A decay sceme Fe⁶¹-Co⁶¹ was constructed: Fe⁶¹, spin and parityJ ^π=3/2^?, decays by means of allowed beta decay to three excited states of Co⁶¹: 1323 keV (1/2^?), 1202 keV (3/2^?), 1025 keV (5/2^?). The energies and intensities per Fe⁶¹ decay of the three beta decay modes are: 2.56 MeV (0.367), 2.68 MeV (0.495), 2.86 MeV (0.138). — A 88 keV gamma ray (T_1/2=33 sec) was observed coming from the Co⁶³ decay.     

Der Zerfall des Rh106g

The gamma rays associated with the decay of Rh^106g have been investigated using several sizes of Ge(Li)-counters and a Ge(Li)-NaJ(Tl)-coincidence circuit. Energies and relative gamma intensities of 107 transitions have been determined. All except 5 transitions are placed in a level scheme of Pd¹⁰⁶ having states at 0, 0⁺; 511, 8, 2⁺; 1,128.0, 2⁺; 1,133.6, 0⁺; 1,228.9, 4⁺; 1,557.6, 3⁺; 1,561.9, 2⁺; 1,706.1, 0⁺; 2,001.0, 0⁺; 2,242.4, 1, 2^±; 2,278.0, 0⁺; 2,308.6, 1, 2⁺; 2,350.8, 4⁺; 2,438.6, 1, 2⁺; 2,500.4, 0⁺; 2,525.3, 1, 2^±; 2,624.4, 0⁺; 2,706.6, 1, 2⁺; 2,741.0, 1, 2^±; 2,783.5, (2)^±; 2,821.2, 2⁺; 2,829.8, 0⁺; 2,878.3, 0⁺; 2,902.7, 2⁺; 2,917.8, 2⁺; 3,027.1, 1,2^±; 3,037.2, 1,2⁺; 3,055.2,1, 2⁺; 3,083.2, 2⁺; 3,163.4, 1,2⁺; 3,167.5, 1,2⁺; 3,221.2, 0⁺; 3,295.6, 0⁺; 3,321.3 keV, 0⁺.     

Der Zerfall des Lu176m

The decay of Lu^176m has been investigated. TheK-conversion coefficient α _K of the 88,3 keV niveau of Hf¹⁷⁶ has been determined to α _K =1,35±0,07. Theβ-branching ratio to the 0+ and 2+ niveau of Hf¹⁷⁶ has been measured by means of aβ-γ-coincidental technique. (60,4±6,1)% of Lu^176m decay into the 2+ niveau and (39,6±6,1)% into the 0+ niveau of Hf¹⁷⁶.K-capture of Lu^176m to Yb¹⁷⁶ was not found. If there is any, it is less than 0,1% of all decays.     

Der Zerfall des Tb158m

Tb^158m was produced from Tb¹⁵⁹ by (n, 2n) reaction and investigated using scintillation spectrometers. The following results were obtained: half-life\(T_{\tfrac{1}{2}} = (10.5 \pm 0.2)\) sec; energy of the isomeric transitionE _γ =(109.9±1.4) keV; conversion coefficients α _K =56±3; α _L +α _M +?=50±8; α_total=106±10;K/L-ratioK/L=1.3±0.3, yielding the multipole order of the isomeric transition to beM3. Upper limits for the direct beta transitions from the isomeric state to the ground states of the neighbouring even-even nuclei Gd¹⁵⁸ and Dy¹⁵⁸ are 10^?4 and 6·10^?3, respectively.     

Der Zerfall des 2,4-sec100Nb

The nuclide¹⁰⁰Nb was produced by irradiation of enriched¹⁰⁰Mo targets with 14 MeV-neutrons, and its decay properties were investigated employing scintillation and semiconductor spectrometers and coincidence techniques. A half-life of 2.4±0.3 sec and aQ _β-value of 5.8±0.2 MeV were found. From 27 gamma-rays, 20 transitions, representing 95% of the observed gamma-ray intensity, could be placed in a decay scheme comprising 10 excited states of¹⁰⁰Mo.