碘-罗丹明B荧光探针测定空气中硫化氢

碘(I~-_3)对罗丹明B具有荧光猝灭作用,使荧光信号强度减弱甚至消失,而硫化氢可将I~-_3还原为I~-,使体系荧光信号再现,据此建立了以碘-罗丹明B缔合物为荧光探针测定硫化氢含量的方法。在激发波长360 nm,发射波长580 nm条件下进行了硫化氢的荧光测定。结果表明,在0.02～14μmol·L~(-1)范围内,硫化氢浓度与其荧光强度变化值呈良好的线性关系,检测限为3.98×10~(-9) mol·L~(-1),加标回收率为97.80%～103.7%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.51%～1.85%。空气中硫化氢最低检出量为6.76μg/m~3。方法简便快速、准确可靠、灵敏度高,用于空气中硫化氢的含量分析。     

N-氨基-4-(N-甲基哌嗪)-1,8-萘酰亚胺荧光猝灭法测定蛋白质的研究

利用萘酰亚胺衍生物N-氨基-4-(N-甲基哌嗪)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(AMN)为荧光探针,建立了一种荧光猝灭法分析测定蛋白质的新方法。在pH=3.5的磷酸盐缓冲体系中,AMN的激发和发射波长分别为387nm和533nm。牛血清蛋白(BSA)的加入能够使其荧光发生不同程度的猝灭,猝灭程度与0.1~12.0μg·mL-1浓度范围的BSA呈线性关系。该方法简便快速,选择性好且灵敏度高,对BSA的检测限为1.05×10-8 g·mL-1;用于血清中总蛋白质含量的测定,加标回收率为98.7%~103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.63%以内。     

β-环糊精/亚甲基蓝荧光探针直接测定葡萄糖

在pH 9.0的PBS介质中葡萄糖与亚甲基蓝反应,使亚甲蓝荧光猝灭。若换用β-环糊精/亚甲基蓝荧光探针,则体系的荧光猝灭强度大大提高。葡萄糖的质量浓度在0.02~26mg·L-1之间与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.002mg·L-1。据此,建立了以β-环糊精/亚甲基蓝为荧光探针直接测定葡萄糖的荧光分析方法。该体系最大激发波长为660nm,最大发射波长为678nm。加标回收率在97.4%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在均小于2.5%。     

5,10,15-三苯基-20-吡啶基卟啉荧光猝灭法测定痕量铅

:试验制备了一种荧光试剂5,10,15-三苯基-20-吡啶基卟啉(TPPyP),该试剂激发光谱(λ_(ex))为420nm时,在650nm波长处有发射光谱(λ_(em))峰。当试剂与铅(Ⅱ)反应时产生荧光猝灭现象。提出了以此试剂为荧光探针测定痕量铅(Ⅱ)的荧光光度法。在邻苯二甲酸盐-盐酸缓冲溶液中,一定量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下,通过测定样品溶液和空白溶液在发射波长650nm的荧光强度,计算得反应液荧光强度的降低程度△F;结果表明:△F值与铅(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在1.0×10~(-4)～1.5×10~(-3)mg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为4.0×10~(-5)mg·L~(-1)。此方法用于膨化食品中铅(Ⅱ)的测定,回收率在95.0%～107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3%。     

荧光探针N-9-吖啶-α-氨基乙酸的合成及荧光分光光度法测定环境水样中痕量铜

对荧光探针N-9-吖啶-α-氨基乙酸的合成方法作了改进,使偶氮化反应时间由7 h缩短为3 h,产率由78.9%提高至85.2%.此试剂与铜(Ⅱ)反应使其荧光猝灭,并据此提出了以此试剂为探针的痕量铜的荧光光度测定法.在pH 7.0的缓冲介质中,在一定量的乙醇存在下,铜(Ⅱ)与荧光探针反应,通过测定样品溶液和空白溶液在激发波长(λex)262.0 nm和发射波长(λem)456.0 nm的荧光强度FA和FB,计算得反应液荧光强度猝灭程度△F,其荧光强度的猝灭程度与铜(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0.20～600.0 μg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3a/b)为0.04μg·L-1.按此方法分析了3个环境水样,测得其铜量值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%,回收率在96.0%～102.0%之间.     

谷胱甘肽保护的铜纳米团簇的制备及其在木犀草素检测中的应用

本文以谷胱甘肽(GSH)为保护剂,抗坏血酸为还原剂,通过一步化学还原法制备谷胱甘肽稳定的铜纳米团簇(CuNCs)。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、分子荧光光谱仪和紫外可见吸收光谱仪对CuNCs的结构和光学性质进行表征。结果显示,CuNCs为分散性良好的、平均直径约2 nm的球形颗粒,拥有良好的稳定性。CuNCs溶液在日光灯和紫外灯下分别呈无色和蓝色,最大激发和发射波长分别为365和425 nm。基于内滤效应和静态猝灭机理,CuNCs的荧光可以有效地被木犀草素猝灭且具有较好的选择性。该探针对木犀草素的线性响应范围为0.1～20μmol·L~(-1),检测限为0.075μmol·L~(-1)(S/N=3)。此外,该荧光探针成功应用于牛血清样品中木犀草素浓度的测定。     

基于邻氟苯基荧光酮荧光探针的荧光光谱法测定牛血清白蛋白

在pH 7.40的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)可使邻氟苯基荧光酮(o-FPF)荧光猝灭,β-环糊精的加入可使荧光猝灭强度(ΔF)增强,据此建立了一种基于o-FPF为荧光探针测定BSA的荧光光谱法。在选定的试验条件下,BSA浓度在6.0×10~(-9)~4.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)范围内与ΔF呈线性关系,方法检出限(3s/k)为7.1×10~(-10)mol·L~(-1)。该方法用于测定牛奶、牛奶粉中的蛋白质含量,结果与考马斯亮蓝法测定结果相吻合,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于4%。通过测定荧光寿命、探讨温度对猝灭常数的影响以及紫外吸收光谱的变化,确定BSA与o-FPF之间的猝灭过程为静态猝灭。     

基于氮掺杂碳量子点荧光探针检测四环素

本文以淀粉为碳源,以L-酪氨酸为氮供体,通过一步水热法制备了氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs)。研究表明,N-CQDs表面富含氨基、羧基、羟基等官能团,说明具有很好的水溶性。还发现在pH=6.00的KH_2PO_4-NaOH缓冲溶液中,四环素对N-CQDs有强荧光猝灭作用,且四环素浓度在1.6～16μmol·L~(-1)范围和16～100μmol·L~(-1)范围内与N-CQDs的荧光猝灭的强度呈现较好的线性关系,检出限为0.45μmol·L~(-1),依此构建了N-CQDs荧光探针测定四环素的方法。该方法用于四环素片含量的测定,回收率为98.4%～102%。     

脱氧核糖核酸-银纳米簇荧光探针用于沙眼衣原体的定量检测

采用化学法合成脱氧核糖核酸-银纳米簇(DNA-AgNCs)荧光探针，并用于沙眼衣原体色氨酸合成酶β链基因(目标序列)的选择性荧光检测。在pH 6.6乙酸盐缓冲溶液中加入两条DNA探针和硝酸银，在还原剂硼氢化钠作用下合成了荧光强度大的DNA-AgNCs。在pH 5.5乙酸铵缓冲溶液中加入目标序列和DNA-AgNCs溶液，使混合溶液体积达到100μL,其中DNA-AgNCs的浓度达到1.5μmol·L^-1(以DNA浓度计),于15℃反应10 min,目标序列与其中一条DNA探针杂交，DNA-AgNCs结构被破坏，检测体系荧光猝灭。结果显示：DNA-AgNCs颗粒呈类球形，粒径约为2 nm,分散性良好且未发生团聚，荧光激发、发射波长分别在558,610 nm处。猝灭程度ΔF(目标序列添加后、前的检测体系荧光强度的差值)与目标序列浓度在0.23～1.10μmol·L^-1内呈线性关系，检出限(3s/k)为57 nmol·L^-1,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.5%～4.9%。添加目标序列以及10倍目标序列浓度的同源序列、症状...     

Al(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸荧光猝灭法测定痕量氟离子

本文建立了利用Al(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸络合体系测定痕量F-的荧光猝灭分析方法。在pH=4.90的HAc-NaAc缓冲体系中,Al(Ⅲ)和8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸能够形成稳定的有较强荧光的络合物,激发和发射波长分别为365nm和494.4nm。该体系中加入F-后络合物荧光不同程度猝灭,当F-浓度为0.2～3.5μg·mL-1时,其荧光猝灭程度与F-的浓度呈线性关系,方法加标回收率为96.2%～104.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.5%,检测限为10ng·mL-1。用抗坏血酸-邻菲罗啉掩蔽可消除Fe(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的干扰。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、选择性好,可用于水样和牙膏中氟化物的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。