固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中多环芳烃

提出了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中16种多环芳烃的方法。样品经ENVIC18固相萃取柱富集,依次用丙酮5 mL和二氯甲烷10 mL将16种多环芳烃从固相萃取柱上洗脱,用K-D浓缩器浓缩后,供气相色谱-质谱仪测定。纯水或自来水经固相萃取处理后,再用于配制标准溶液并绘制标准曲线。16种多环芳烃的检出限(3S/N)均小于2.0 ng.L-1。用该法分析地下水样品,所得结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于14.0%,加标回收率在84.3%~112.3%之间。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定墨水中的16种多环芳烃

采用液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定墨水中的16种多环芳烃。样品经二氯甲烷液液萃取后,使用固相萃取技术进行纯化。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。16种多环芳烃在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在5.0~30μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在60.6%~116%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%~5.3%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测益智药材中16种多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定益智药材中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法。最佳萃取条件为：取样品2.0 g,加入同位素内标后用无水乙醇、水混合溶解,以10 mL正己烷提取;提取液先过Florisil柱固相萃取,经氢氧化钾-乙醇溶液皂化,多环芳烃分子印迹柱固相萃取后,以5 mL二氯甲烷-正己烷(1∶1,体积比)进行洗脱;采用DB-EUPAH毛细管色谱柱进行分离,内标标准曲线法定量测定。在此条件下,16种多环芳烃的线性范围为1.0~200.0 μg/L(r2 ≥ 0.992 5);检出限(S/N=3)为0.3~1.0 μg/kg;在不同浓度(1、3、10 μg/kg)基质加标条件下,苯并［c］芴(BcFL)的加标回收率为65.4%~72.8%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为6.0%~7.4%,日间RSD(n=6)为8.5%;其他15种多环芳烃的加标回收率为89.3%~116%,日内RSD(n=6)为0.10%~6.1%,日间RSD(n=6)为1.2%~7.5%。该方法的前处理净化效果好、灵敏度高、准确度高,适用于益智药材中16种多环芳烃的定量检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定奶粉中多环芳烃

建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定配方奶粉中多环芳烃的方法。样品经水提取、乙腈粗去蛋白，提取液经优化配比的MWCNTs和PSA固相萃取净化，用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定。结果表明，11种多环芳烃的方法检出限为0.10～0.75μg/kg，低、中、高三个浓度水平的加标回收率范围为86.3%～97.4%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.4%～7.3%(n=6)。该方法简单快速、准确，适用于对奶粉样品中11种多环芳烃测定要求，可为食品卫生监管部门提供参考方法。     

竹炭固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用对环境水样中16种多环芳烃的测定

以竹炭为固相萃取吸附材料,考察了其对环境水样中16种多环芳烃的吸附富集能力,采用DB-35MS弹性石英毛细管色谱柱对16种多环芳烃进行分离,气相色谱-质谱联用法对多环芳烃进行定性及定量分析.结果表明,1 000 mg竹炭作为固相萃取吸附剂,10 mL二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂,上样速率5 mL/min,水样中甲醇体积分数为15%的条件下,16种多环芳烃有较好的回收率,竹炭固相萃取柱的穿透体积大于500 mL,通过实验比较竹炭的萃取回收率优于商品化的C18固相萃取柱.16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在10 ～500 ng/L范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好(苯并(k)荧蒽,苯并(a)芘,二苯并(a,h)蒽,苯并(g,h,i)苝为25 ～500 ng/L),相关系数为0.983 6 ～0.998 4.方法的检出限为0.6 ～8.0 ng/L,实际水样的加标回收率为67% ～113%,相对标准偏差为2.1% ～11.3%.通过对白沙河河水的分析表明,该方法能够满足实际水样的测定,竹炭可以作为固相萃取材料应用于水中16种多环芳烃的分析测定.     

加速溶剂萃取-磁固相萃取净化-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃和23种有机氯残留

建立了加速溶剂萃取（ASE）、磁固相萃取净化（MSPE）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）测定土壤中多环芳烃和有机氯残留的方法。ASE萃取溶剂为丙酮-正己烷（1：1，v/v），萃取温度为100℃，萃取压力为11.032 MPa，加热时间为5 min，静态萃取时间为5 min，循环萃取3次，冲洗体积为60%萃取池体积，氮气吹扫100 s。然后采用室温制备法自制ZIF-8/nZVI磁性材料用于净化萃取液，将净化液浓缩定容后进行GC-MS测定。多环芳烃和有机氯的线性范围为5~200 μg/kg，线性相关系数（r²）均大于0.99；目标物的检出限（LOD，S/N=3）为0.04~1.21 μg/kg。所建方法成功用于土壤样品中16种多环芳烃和23种有机氯的测定，在3个加标水平下得到的加标回收率为63.9%~112.1%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.4%~26.2%。研究结果表明，该方法具有灵敏度高、重现性好、回收率高等特点，适用于土壤中多环芳烃和有机氯残留的检测。     

气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定海洋贝类中多残留有机氯农药、多氯联苯和多环芳烃

本研究建立了凝胶渗透色谱和铝硅胶柱前处理,气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定海洋贝类体内20种有机氯农药、28种多氯联苯和16种多环芳烃的多残留分析方法。通过对凝胶渗透色谱的组分收集时间和铝硅胶柱的正戊烷淋洗体积的实验条件优化,实现了样品索氏提取液的凝胶渗透色谱初步净化、铝硅胶柱色谱的组分分离和进一步去除干扰物质。结果表明,多氯联苯、有机氯农药和多环芳烃各化合物的方法检出限分别为0.01~0.14,0.02~0.17和0.52~0.81ng/g(湿重),样品的加标回收率和相对标准偏差分别为:多氯联苯84.1%~120.2%、5.6%~15.9%;多环芳烃62.3%~123.1%、8.7%~20.5%;有机氯农药77.3%~127.5%、3.1%~18.7%。本方法降低了样品的前处理成本,缩短了样品处理时间,可应用于海洋贝类体内持久性有机污染物的实际监测。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中多环芳烃、六六六和滴滴涕

建立快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中多环芳烃、六六六和滴滴涕。优化了提取溶剂和洗脱溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法处理土壤样品,萃取溶剂为二氯甲烷-正己烷(1∶1)。提取液用氮吹仪浓缩、硅酸镁固相萃取小柱净化,用二氯甲烷-正己烷(3∶7)混合溶剂对固相萃取小柱进行活化和洗脱,流出液净化后氮吹浓缩至1 mL,利用气相色谱-质谱内标法进行分析定量。16种多环芳烃、8种有机氯农药及3种替代物在5.0～500μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.000 55～0.000 77 mg/kg,加标回收率为68.2%～112.7%,相对标准偏差为4.3%～10.1%(n=5)。该方法可用于同时测定土壤中多环芳烃、六六六、滴滴涕的含量。     

漩涡辅助液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中痕量多环芳烃

建立了漩涡辅助分散液液微萃取(VAEDLLME)结合气相色谱测定环境水样中12种多环芳烃的方法。对萃取剂种类和体积、漩涡时间以及盐浓度的影响等参数进行优化。实验结果表明,方法线性范围为0.1~5.0μg/L,相关系数r≥0.9851,检出限为0.001~0.01μg/L,加标回收率为95.0%~124.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~27%。方法适用于环境水样中12种多环芳烃的分析检测。     

花生壳活性炭固相萃取/超高效液相色谱法测定河水中的18种多环芳烃

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(SPE/UPLC-PDA)联用技术测定河水中18种痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)的快速分析方法。通过优化固相萃取条件、流动相体系、色谱条件等因素,7 min内实现了18种多环芳烃的高效分离。在0.05~50 mg/L浓度范围内,18种多环芳烃的浓度与对应峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限为0.08~2.03 ng/L,样品加标回收率为74.5%~103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.5%~2.3%。将该方法应用于九龙江流域龙岩段周边水样的检测,结果可靠。该方法简单环保、灵敏准确、操作快速,可显著提高河水中痕量PAHs的分析效率。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱测定地下水中低环多环芳烃及其衍生物

建立了地下水中低环多环芳烃及其衍生物的全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)检测方法。对比研究了液液萃取(LLE)和固相萃取(SPE)对地下水中低环多环芳烃及其衍生物的提取效率,优选液液萃取为前处理方法。在优化条件下,除1,2,3,4-四氢萘(r=0.987 2)和联苯(r=0.989 9)外,其它目标物在0.1~1 000μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99。地下水的平均加标回收率为63.3%~111%,除喹啉的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为24.9%外,其余目标物的RSD均小于9.5%,方法检出限在1.63~14.7 ng/L之间。该方法用于河北地区6个地下水样中低环多环芳烃及其衍生物的检测,4个样品有检出,最高浓度达353 ng/L。     

Determination of semi-volatile priority pollutants in landfill leachates and sediments using microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction

The present work was focused on the development of a simple method aimed at the determination of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 15 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in landfill leachates and sediments by adapting a domestic microwave oven to perform microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatographic separation and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Good linearity was observed within the concentration range studied; detection limits ranged from 0.1 ng/l to 7 ng/l for PCBs and from 5 ng/l to 926 ng/l for PAHs. Concerning precision, the relative standard deviations obtained were, on average for the leachate and sediment samples analysed, 18% for PCBs and 20% for PAHs. Average recovery values were 37% and 76% for PCBs, and 58% and 48% for PAHs, respectively, for the leachate and reference sediment studied. The method allows the determination of PAHs and PCBs in landfill leachates and sediments, avoiding clean-up steps and the consumption of organic solvents.     

气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱法检测大气颗粒物中12种多氯联苯

建立了大气颗粒物中的12种二噁英类多氯联苯的气相色谱/离子阱串联质谱检测方法。优化后的方法定性定量准确度达到最优,12种多氯联苯的方法检出限为0.20~2.00ng/mL,标准曲线相关系数(R2)为0.9901~0.9992,加标回收率为69%~120%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.17%~7.94%(n=6)。对4份兰州实际大气样品的检测结果表明,建立的方法灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强,适用于目标化合物含量低、基质背景干扰严重的大气样品分析。     

母乳中多种含卤持久性有机污染物的联合检测方法

建立了母乳中多种含卤持久性有机污染物(POPs)的联合检测方法,目标化合物主要包括六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)等.样品的前处理采用液液萃取、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化和固相萃取(SPE)等技术,目标化合物经气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用仪(LC-MS/MS)和气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用仪(GC-MS/MS)等进行检测.样品通过GPC除去脂肪,然后经SPE柱进一步净化并进行多组分分离,极大程度地减小了生物样品中复杂基质的干扰,适合样品量相对较小的人体样本中多种超痕量POPs的分析.应用灵敏度高、选择性更好的GC-MS/MS对样品中的PCBs和OCPs等进行分析,进一步降低基质的干扰.方法经过小牛血清加标实验验证,稳定可靠.POPs的加标回收率分别为88.7％～98.8％(PBDEs), 88.5％～92.5％(HBCDs), 67.9％～82.3％(PCBs)和81.7％～116.1％(OCPs),方法检出限分别为0.13～1.8 pg/mL(PBDEs), 0.31～1.2 pg/mL(HBCDs), 0.22～1.4 pg/mL(PCBs)和0.20～1.5 pg/mL(OCPs).采用本方法对潍坊地区20例母乳样品进行分析,结果显示,潍坊市母乳中HBCDs, PBDEs, PCBs、HCHs和DDTs的中值浓度分别为2.86, 7.76, 8.84、140和503 ng/g 脂重,此浓度水平与国内其它地区人群相当.     

Simultaneous extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils by pressurized liquid extraction and determination by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid method based on pressurized liquid extraction has been validated for the simultaneous extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from agricultural soil samples. Effective extraction was carried out in less than 17 min for all the studied compounds, and good recoveries were obtained for PAHs and PCBs, ranging from 70% to 112%, when blank samples were spiked at 2.5 μg kg⁻¹, except for naphthalene with recoveries close to 40%. The separation and determination were performed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry using a triple quadrupole mass analyzer. The target compounds were detected by electron impact with selected reaction monitoring, and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized in order to increase selectivity and sensitivity. The developed method was validated, and matrix-matched calibration was used for quantification purposes. Repeatability and interday precision ranged from 0.9% to 16.8% and from 1.6% to 22.3%, respectively. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.07 to 2.50 μg kg⁻¹. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of agricultural soil samples collected from Almeria (Spain), and PAHs and PCBs were detected in some samples at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 210 μg kg⁻¹.     

微波萃取-GC/MS联用法测定橡胶及其制品中多环芳烃

建立了微波萃取-GC/MS联用法测定橡胶及其制品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法,通过实验优化了萃取溶剂、萃取时间、萃取温度等微波萃取条件和16种PAHs的分离和测定条件。用加标回收方法试验确定方法的准确度。结果表明:16种PAHs检出限(S/N=5)为0.002~0.01 mg/L,平均回收率为63.58%~100.5%,RSD为1.9%~9.9%。该方法可以满足橡胶及其制品中多环芳烃的检测要求。     

Simplified and rapid determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish and shrimps integrated into a single method

In this study, a new rapid and flexible method for the simultaneous determination of 18 key representatives of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and shrimps by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and validated. A substantial simplification of sample processing prior to quantification step was achieved: after addition of water to homogenized sample, transfer of hydrophobic analytes into ethyl acetate was supported by added inorganic salts. Bulk fat, contained in crude organic extract obtained by partition, was subsequently removed on a silica minicolumn. This approach enabled to process six samples in less than 1h; moreover, the volume of an extraction solvent and consumption of other chemicals can be significantly reduced compared to, e.g., traditional Soxhlet extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography. The recoveries of target analytes were in the range of 73-120% even at the lowest spiking level (1 μg kg(-1)), repeatabilities (relative standard deviations, RSDs) ranged from 1 to 20%. Under optimized GC-MS conditions (time-of-flight mass analyzer, TOF), the limits of quantification (LOQs) were as follows: PCBs 0.1-0.5 μg kg(-1), PBDEs 0.5 μg kg(-1), and PAHs 0.05-0.25 μg kg(-1). Ambient mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source was shown as an effective tool for fat control in extract, which is needed during the method development and examination of unknown samples prior to the analysis. Further extension of a method scope by other similar analytes is easily possible.     

多次溶剂萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定热熔胶中的多环芳烃

建立了热熔胶中16种多环芳烃( PAHs)的多次溶剂萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱测定方法。详细研究了样品的萃取条件、净化条件和气相色谱/串联质谱测定条件,并与气相色谱-质谱法进行了对比。样品以10 mL正己烷为萃取溶剂,于60℃超声萃取20 min,萃取液依次经冷冻后离心、二甲基亚砜萃取2次、正己烷反萃取2次进行净化,得到的净化液以气相色谱/串联质谱法多反应监测( MRM)模式进行检测。本方法的线性相关系数( R2)均大于0.9969,检出限为1.0~10μg/kg,精密度小于6.3%,16种PAHs的加标回收率为80.4%~117.6%。考察了串联质谱检测的基质效应,发现基质效应不明显。本方法检出限优于气相色谱-质谱法(23~94μg/kg),并能增加定性和定量分析的准确性。本方法灵敏、准确可靠,满足热熔胶中PAHs测试要求。     

悬浮固化分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定环境水样品中6种雌激素

本文建立了悬浮固化分散液相微萃取(DLLME-SFO)高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定环境水样品中壬基雌酚、双酚A、己烯雌酚、雌酮、雌二醇、炔雌醇6种雌激素的分析方法。萃取的最优条件为:以90μL 1-十二醇为萃取剂,250μL0.025mol/L Triton X-100为分散剂,调节pH至7.0,超声3min,在室温条件下萃取环境水样中的雌激素残留。最优条件下,该方法在三个浓度水平下的平均加标回收率为93.4%~108.6%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~8.7%,检出限为0.001~0.05μg/L。将该方法应用于环境水样中雌激素残留分析,获得了较好的回收率。