固相微革取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定海水与沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是塑化剂产品中使用最广泛的一类化合物,准确分析海洋中邻苯二甲酸酯的种类、组成及浓度水平,对认识PAEs在海洋环境的迁移变化及生态效应具有重要意义.本研究建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析海水与沉积物中PAEs的方法,确定了萃取时间、萃取温度等最佳实验条件.本方法测定海水与沉积物中PAEs含量的精密度为±10%,检出限分别为0.04~0.32 ng/L和0.12~1.60μg/kg;除邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)外,海水中PAEs回收率为68.0%~114.0%,沉积物中PAEs回收率为76.4%~105.0%.利用本方法测得长江口及其邻近海域水体与沉积物中PAEs的浓度分别为0.270~1.39μg/L和0.79~34.8μg/kg.实验表明,本方法操作简单,准确度高,大大缩减了海水萃取体积,能够应用于近岸海水与沉积物中PAEs含量的准确分析.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱联用测定城市河流中的挥发性硫化物

建立了一种吹扫捕集 气相色谱联用测定城市河流中挥发性硫化物的方法。二甲基硫、甲基乙基硫、二甲基二硫最低检测质量浓度分别为80,80和100ng/L,水样加标回收率在91%～101%之间。方法操作简单,灵敏度高,成功应用于城市河流中水样中挥发性硫化物的测定。     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定海水中16种除草剂

建立了同时测定海水中16种除草剂的气相色谱-质谱检测方法。样品用固相萃取仪过HLB柱浓缩、净化,洗脱液氮吹至近干,乙酸乙酯定容,用气相色谱质谱仪选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行检测,外标法定量。该方法中草净津、二甲戊乐灵的检出限为10.0 ng/L,其余14种除草剂的检出限为5.0 ng/L;草净津、二甲戊乐灵的线性范围为4.0~200μg/L,其余14种除草剂的线性范围均为2.0~100μg/L;方法加标回收率为78.3%~115.0%,相对标准偏差为4.4%~9.9%。该方法操作简单,精确度高,适用于海水中16种除草剂的定性定量检测。     

气相-动态顶空进样技术用于矿泉水中61种有机物的同时检测

采用气相动态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法(D-HS-GC-MS)同时分析矿泉水中氯乙烯、氯丁二烯、硝基苯、硝基氯苯、1,3,5-三氯苯和其他54种常见挥发性有机物,方法检出限除硝基苯、2-硝基氯苯、3+4-硝基氯苯分别为5.9、6.4和9.9!g/L外,其余均介于0.18~0.48!g/L.D-HS-GC-MS法均有良好的精密度和精确度,1.00和2.00!g/L空白加标样品的测定结果精密度分别介于5.8%~19%和2.0%~11%(n=7),市售矿泉水样品的加标回收率介于92.4%~108%.     

超声辅助萃取气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定室内灰尘中的39种多氯联苯

建立了测定室内灰尘样品中39种多氯联苯(PCBs)的分析方法。样品经吸尘器采集、正己烷-二氯甲烷(1：1,v/v)超声萃取、浓缩后,利用气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(GC-MS/MS)在选择反应监测(SRM)模式下测定。结果表明,39种PCBs在30 min内得到了很好的分离,在0.1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9910~0.9999,方法的加标回收率为57.2%~120.3%,日内测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%~24.7%,日间测定的RSD为0.6%~29.9%,检出限(信噪比为3)为0.0003~0.2080 ng/g。本方法灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好,简便快速,溶剂消耗量少,适用于灰尘中多种多氯联苯的同时测定。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用测定土壤中挥发性石油烃

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用测定土壤中挥发性石油烃的分析方法。实验优选出了NaHSO_4作为样品的保存试剂,优化了吹扫-捕集条件和气相色谱质谱条件;GC条件:色谱柱60 m×0.32 mm×1.8μm RTX-502.2,进样口温度190℃,分流比20:1,程序升温;MS条件:EI源,离子源温度200℃,接口温度220℃,扫描范围40~350 amu/s。方法的线性范围为0.20~300 ng/g,相关系数均在0.995以上,检出限为0.03~0.38 ng/g。方法标准添加样品回收率为90.3%~108%;RSD为1.8%~8.8%。该方法适合于土壤样品中挥发性石油烃的分析检测。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定废水中痕量挥发性烷基硫化物

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用测定人工湿地废水中的痕量挥发性烷基硫化物的方法。针对废水中两种主要的挥发性烷基硫化物(二甲基硫、二甲基二硫),详细研究了萃取纤维头的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、pH值、离子强度、样品量及解析条件对HS-SPME的影响。载气为高纯氦气,流速为1.0mL/min,色谱柱为DB-5ms毛细管柱(0.25μm,30m×0.32mm),柱温:25℃(5min)■40℃(1min)■60℃(5min);在优化的实验条件下,本法测定二甲基硫及二甲基二硫的线性范围分别为10～10000ng/L和1～10000ng/L;检出限(3σ)分别为1.9ng/L和1.8ng/L;相对标准偏差小于10%;回收率分别为81.0%～94.6%和84.0%～100.9%。用二乙基硫为内标物质,将本法用于人工湿地废水中主要的烷基硫化物二甲基硫和二甲基二硫的测定,获得满意结果。     

气相色谱–火焰光度法测定进口天然气中4种形态硫

建立气相色谱–火焰光度法测定进口液化天然气中4种形态硫的方法。探讨了色谱柱、进样口温度、分流比、柱流速、升温程序和FPD检测器等对测定结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,评价了方法的可靠性。4种形态硫化物的质量浓度在10.0~200.0μg/L范围内,其对数与峰面积对数呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r在0.983 3~0.999 2之间,检出限为1.7~7.7μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.56%~0.68%(n=5)。用该法测定天然气形态硫标准气体,测定值与标准值相比,相对误差为–1.6%~–1.2%。该方法具有较高的准确度,可应用于进口天然气中4种形态硫的分析。     

热脱附-吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱联用在大气挥发性有机物分析中的应用探索

采用热脱附结合吹扫捕集(P&T)技术对大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行富集,并用气相色谱质谱(GC/MS)进行分析检测,建立了一种大气中多组分VOCs分析方法。将热脱附-吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱联用技术应用于大气挥发性有机物分析中,使样品经过吸附管及捕集阱双重富集后再进入GC/MS检测,VOCs分析结果部分目标物检出限可达到0.1 ng/L,实际平行样品检测结果相对偏差小于30%,且可同时对54种VOCs进行定性定量分析。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中的丙烯酸酯类

建立环境空气中7种丙烯酸酯类的气相色谱测定的方法。将活性炭吸附管与大气采样器连接,在0.5L/min流量下采集空气样品20 min,采样后的活性炭用1.0 mL二氯甲烷解吸,以氢火焰离子化为检测器,气相色谱法测定7种丙烯酸酯类的含量。结果表明,7种丙烯酸酯类的质量浓度在1~100μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999 5,当采样体积为10 L时,方法检出限为0.010~0.017 mg/m~3。各组分平均空白加标回收率为84%~120%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%~15.0%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,精密度与准确度高,检出限低,抗干扰,便于在实验室推广和应用。     

Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water by Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) were extracted from water samples, adsorbed in organic solvent microdrop by headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME), and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Influence factors such as the extraction solvent types, headspace and microdrop volumes, stirring rate, equilibrium and extraction time, and ionic strength for HS-LPME efficiency were thoroughly evaluated. Under optimized extraction and detection conditions, the calibration curves of GSM and MIB were linear in the range of 5–1000 ng/L. The detection limits of GSM and MIB were 1.1 and 1.0 ng/L, respectively. Average recoveries of 95.45–113.7% (n = 5) were obtained and method precisions were also satisfactory. Trace levels of the off-flavor compounds at ng/L in tap water and raw water were successfully quantified.     

Determination of trace PAHs in seawater and sediment pore-water by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC/MS

A fast and reliable method for the determination of trace PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) in seawater by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatographic (GC) analysis has been developed. The SPME operational parameters have been optimized, and the effects of salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on PAHs recoveries have been investigated. SPME measures only the portion of PAHs which are water soluble, and can be used to quantify PAH partition coefficient between water and DOM phases. The detection limits of the overall method for the measurement of sixteen PAHs range from 0.1 to 3.5 ng/g, and the precisions of individual PAH measurements range from 4% to 23% RSD. The average recovery for PAHs is 88.2±20.4%. The method has been applied to the determination of PAHs in seawater and sediment porewater samples collected in Jiaozhou Bay and Laizhou Bay in Shandong Peninsula, China. The overall levels of PAHs in these samples reflect moderate pollution compared to seawater samples reported elsewhere. The PAH distribution pattern shows that the soluble PAHs in seawater and porewater samples are dominated by naphthalenes and 3 ring PAHs. This is in direct contrast to those of the sediment samples reported earlier, in which both light and heavy PAHs are present at comparable concentrations. The absence of heavy PAHs in soluble forms (<0.1-3.5 ng/L) is indicative of the strong binding of these PAHs to the dissolved or solid matters and their low seawater solubility.     

Potentiometric stripping analysis for bismuth(III) in seawater

Total bismuth(III) in seawater can be determined either directly after acidification with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid or after co-precipitation with magnesium hydroxide by means of pre-electrolysis for 8 min at —0.90 V vs. SCE at a rotated glassy carbon/mercury film electrode prior to potentiometric stripping analysis. The limits of detection (2σ) are 0.6 and 0.003 nM, respectively. Three Kattegatt surface seawater samples were found to contain bismuth(III) concentrations of 5–12 pM (l–2.5 ng l^-1).     

基于氨基功能化石墨烯磁性材料的磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱法分析海水中的氯酚类污染物

本文采用氨基功能化石墨烯磁性材料富集海水中的5种氯酚类(CPs)污染物,建立了一种快速、高效、灵敏的磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱(MSPE-HPLC)法,用于其残留量的测定。实验优化了磁固相萃取的条件,考察了样品pH值、富集时间和洗脱剂的种类与用量等对CPs回收率的影响。样品经富集后在C8反相液相色谱柱(250×4.6mm i.d.,5μm)上分离,以体积比为70∶30的甲醇-5mmol/L NH_4Ac溶液为流动相,紫外检测波长为230nm。结果表明,5种CPs的富集倍数可达250倍;CPs浓度在1~2 000ng/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数(R)均大于0.9995;平均回收率为92.6%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~7.2%;检出限为0.15~1.06ng/L,定量限为0.5~3.2ng/L。采用本方法对5个实际海水样品中的CPs进行了定量检测,结果其中一种样品含有2,4,6-三氯苯酚,浓度为6.5ng/L。     

Determination of Platinum,Palladium, Ruthenium,Rhodium, and Iridium in Ultrabasic Rock from the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry

Platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridum were determined in ultrabasic rock from the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The limits of detection for these elements were less than 7 ng/g. The samples were fused at 1100°C to separate the noble metals which were enriched into a nickel sulfide button and dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The insoluble noble metals were filtered, dissolved in aqua regia in a boiling water bath, and determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. This method was employed for the characterization of large quantities of ultrabasic rock from the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe.     

Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid�CLiquid Microextraction Combined with Low Solvent Consumption for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seawater by GC�CMS

Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid?Cliquid microextraction (USA-DLLME) with low solvent consumption was demonstrated for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC?CMS) determination of 16 typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater samples. Factors affecting the extraction process, such as extraction and dispersive solvent, phase ratio, temperature, extraction and centrifugation time, were investigated thoroughly and optimized. The linear range was 20?C2,000 ng L^?1 except for acenaphthylene (Acy) at 10?C2,000 ng L^?1 and phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Flu) and pyrene (Py) all at 5?C2,000 ng L^?1. Enrichment factors (EFs) ranging from 722 to 8,133 were obtained, achieving limits of detection at 1.0?C10.0 ng L^?1. The method attained good precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) from 3.4 to 14.2% for spiked 50 ng L^?1 individual PAHs standards. Method recoveries were in the range 87?C124% and 70?C127% for spiked samples from simulated seawater and beach seawater, respectively. The proposed USA-DLLME helped to obtain about 1.1?C10 times higher EFs in a minimum amount of solvent and in less time than traditional DLLME.     

Evaluation of electrochemical hydride generation for the determination of arsenic and selenium in sea water by graphite furnace atomic absorption with in situ concentration

A continuous flow electrochemical hydride generation technique coupled with in situ concentration in a graphite furnace has been developed for determination of As and Se in seawater. Lead is used as cathode material for the production of arsine and hydrogen selenide. The efficiency of generation of arsine from As(III) is 86 ± 6%, that from As(V) ranges from 73% to 86%. The efficiency of generation of hydrogen selenide from Se(IV) is 60 ± 5% and from Se(VI) is 30 ± 5%. The hydrides are trapped in an iridium-palladium coated graphite furnace prior to atomization. Absolute detection limits and concentration detection limits of 84 pg (3s_blank) and 84 pg ml⁻¹ for determination of As using 1 ml sample volume and 75 pg (3s_blank) and 7.5 pg ml⁻¹ for determination of Se using 10 ml sample volumes are obtained, respectively. The precision of replicate measurement for the analysis of reference materials at the 1.3 μg l⁻¹ level for As(III) (0.8 ng absolute mass level) and at the 0.042 μg l⁻¹ level for Se(IV) (0.42 ng absolute mass level) is better than 4% and 23% (relative standard deviation, RSD), respectively. The RSD values quoted above for Se include errors introduced by the sample preparation procedure.     

Poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) as novel stationary phase for stir bar sorptive extraction of organochlorine compounds and organophosphorus pesticides

A novel poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) film prepared by immersion precipitation technique was coated on stir bars for sorptive extraction. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the coating has a denser porous surface (about 1 microm in thickness) with a sponge-like sublayer, and the thickness of the coating was 250 microm. The PPESK coated stir bar has high thermostability (290 degrees C) and long lifetime (50 times). The extraction properties of this stir bar were evaluated for the extraction of both polar and semi-polar analytes, including organochlorine compounds and organophosphorus pesticides. The PPESK stir bar was proved to show higher affinity towards polar compounds than that of PDMS coated stir bar and higher sample load compared with corresponding PPESK fiber. It was applied to the determination of organochlorine compounds in seawater samples and organophosphorus pesticides in juices by gas chromatographic analysis. The effect of sample matrix was evaluated at optimized condition of extraction temperature, extraction time and salt concentration. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.05-2.53 ng L(-1) for organochlorine compounds in seawater samples using electron capture detector (ECD), with precisions of less than 11% RSD. Limits of detection for organophosphorus pesticides were in the range of 0.17-2.25 ng L(-1) and 2.47-10.3 ng L(-1) in grape and peach juice, respectively, using thermionic specified detector (TSD), with precisions of less than 12% RSD and 20% RSD, respectively.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析毛发中甲基苯丙胺和苯丙胺手性对映异构体

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）分析毛发中甲基苯丙胺与苯丙胺对映异构体的手性分离方法。采用SUPELCO Astec CHIROBIOTIC^® V2手性液相色谱柱,以甲醇-含0.1%（v/v）甲酸的20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液（99：1,v/v）为流动相进行手性分离。结果表明,甲醇高温水浴超声法能较好地提取苯丙胺类化合物,且峰形较好（拖尾因子>0.95）。S-（+）-甲基苯丙胺、R-（-）-甲基苯丙胺、S-（+）-苯丙胺和R-（-）-苯丙胺在15~300 ng/mg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;甲基苯丙胺和苯丙胺的检出限分别为0.1 ng/mg和0.15 ng/mg,定量限分别为0.4 ng/mg和0.5 ng/mg;日内精密度均≤6.8%,日间精密度均≤11.4%。采用所建方法对50余嫌疑人毛发进行手性分析,检出单一S-（+）-甲基苯丙胺和S-（+）-苯丙胺的占70%,同时检出S-（+）-甲基苯丙胺、R-（-）-甲基苯丙胺、S-（+）-苯丙胺和R-（-）-苯丙胺的占18%。该法简单快速,精密度好,可为实际法医毒物鉴定案例中的毛发手性分析提供技术支持与科学依据。     

An international intercomparison exercise for total mercury in seawater

Two 30 dm³ coastal seawater samples were collected in September 1983. One was acidified, homogenized and divided among 50 500-cm³ glass ampoules. The second was spiked with 612ng of mercury added as methylmercury chloride, acidified, homogenized and divided among 50 500-cm³ glass ampoules. All these operations were performed under a mercury-free atmosphere. A single sample from each set was sent to each of 37 laboratories; 21 of them submitted their results of a ‘total’ mercury concentation determination. The consensus values and their confidence limits are 6.0 ± 1.6 and 24.2 ± 2.8 ng dm^?3 for the natural and the spiked samples respectively. Eleven laboratories reported reliable quantitative results (within ± 2SD ) for the natural (unspiked) sample, and 12 for the spiked sample. In addition, ten laboratories give sets of results within ± 2SD of the consensus values. Storage for up to four months of methylmercury spiked samples with 1.4% nitric acid (0.3 mol dm^?3) at room temperature is, alone, an unsuitable treatment for releasing mercury from its monomethyl compounds.