金纳米颗粒表面能量转移及巯基化合物的检测

二氧化硅稳定的金纳米颗粒(Au-SiO₂)与罗丹明B之间发生表面能量转移,使罗丹明B荧光猝灭。 金纳米颗粒对罗丹明B的Stern-Volmer猝灭常数为4.3×10³ L/mol。 当荧光猝灭的混合体系中加入巯基化合物时,巯基化合物与金纳米颗粒发生强相互作用阻断罗丹明B-金纳米颗粒之间的能量转移,罗丹明B荧光恢复。 基于罗丹明B-Au-SiO₂体系对巯基化合物的单一响应,建立了一种简单快速检测巯基化合物的方法;并且由于二氧化硅对金纳米颗粒的稳定作用,金纳米颗粒成为一种可以回收利用的检测探针。     

纳米金粒子表面等离子共振吸收检测食品中莱克多巴胺

基于纳米金(Au NPs)表面等离子共振吸收性质,建立了一种可视化检测食品中莱克多巴胺(Rac)含量的方法。以L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)和对巯基苯硼酸(MBA)共修饰的纳米金(L-Cys/MBA-Au NPs)为探针构建了可视化传感器,加入Rac后,Rac中的氨基/羟基和修饰纳米金表面的羟基/羧基/氨基形成丰富的氢键,同时MBA会影响L-Cys/MBA-Au NPs微环境而增强了信号,导致L-Cys/MBA-Au NPs吸收光谱发生改变,溶液颜色在15 min内由红变紫。该可视化传感器对Rac的检测灵敏度可达95.38 nmol/L,线性范围为200 nmol/L～15μmol/L,并成功地应用于牛奶和猪肉中Rac的测定,此传感器的研制为开发实际样品中Rac的快速便捷检测提供了新的思路。     

基于谷胱甘肽修饰的金纳米簇选择性检测铜离子

建立了一种基于谷胱甘肽(GSH)包裹的金纳米簇(AuNCs)高选择性检测水中和血清中铜离子(Cu²⁺)的方法。Cu²⁺与AuNCs配体上的氨基(NH₂)和羧基(COOH)发生配位作用,阻断配体-金属间或配体-金属-金属间的电荷转移,导致AuNCs的荧光猝灭; EDTA与Cu²⁺具有更强的配位作用,可将Cu²⁺从AuNCs表面移除,使AuNCs荧光恢复。本研究中, AuNCs发射红色荧光,避免了复杂生物基质背景荧光的干扰,在pH=5.5的条件下,可快速、灵敏、高选择性地检测Cu²⁺,检出限为23 nmol/L。血清和水样中Cu²⁺的加标回收率为96.2%～100.1%。本方法在药物分析、环境监测、临床诊断等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

半导体纳米粒子与金纳米粒子间荧光共振能量转移研究

采用水相法合成的CdTe半导体纳米粒子作为能量给体, 通过Schiff碱反应将单链DNA连接到表面. 采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸法制取的Au纳米粒子作为能量受体, 通过Au—S键将单链DNA连接到表面. 通过DNA链间的杂交, 构建了荧光共振能量转移体系(FRET). 测定了CdTe-DNA、 探针体系和探针体系+目标DNA的荧光强度. 结果表明, 探针体系的荧光强度最弱, 加入目标DNA后, 体系荧光增强, 表明该体系的构建是成功的.     

金纳米粒子表面能量转移法测定水中的铅离子

荧光素修饰的凝血酶适配体(5’-FAM-GGT TGG TGT GGT TGG-3’)可与Pb2+选择性地形成G-四链体,这一构象变化能改变作为能量供体的荧光染料和作为能量受体的金纳米粒子之间的距离,使体系的荧光强度与Pb2+浓度具有一定的相关性,从而建立了一种基于纳米材料表面能量转移灵敏检测水溶液中Pb2+的分析方法。研究表明,在Pb2+浓度为12.5~100 nmol/L范围内,荧光恢复效率(F/F0)与Pb2+浓度间呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=0.910+0.007c(R2=0.997),检出限为10 nmol/L。用本方法检测自来水中Pb2+,结果令人满意。     

金纳米微粒表面能量转移及半胱氨酸的高灵敏度高选择性分析法

根据荧光染料在金纳米粒子表面的能量转移,本文建立了一种具有高灵敏和高选择性半胱氨酸分析方法.研究表明,通过静电作用吸附在柠檬酸根包被的金纳米粒子表面的阳离子荧光染料如罗丹明B分子在受光激发时,发生从荧光染料到金属纳米微粒的能量转移,导致荧光染料的荧光猝灭.但当体系中存在半胱氨酸时,由于半胱氨酸与金纳米粒子之间具有更强的共价作用,罗丹明B分子远离金纳米粒子表面,降低了能量转移效率,使得罗丹明B的荧光得到恢复.恢复的荧光强度与0.025～4.5μmol/L半胱氨酸呈很好的线性关系,检测限为8.0nmol/L(3σ),而其他十九种基本氨基酸的响应非常微弱.     

表面增强拉曼散射强度与金纳米粒子粒径关系

表面增强拉曼散射（SurfaceenhancedRamanscattering,简称SERS）的增强机理主要分为两类’‘－‘’：电磁增强和化学增强．通常SERS活性表面的获得需要粗糙化．MOSkovitS最先提出,可将粗糙化的SERS活性表面模型化为平整金属基底上排列的金属胶体粒子“’．这样的模型与实际体系比较符合,同时给理论处理提供了便利．在这一模型基础之上,人们提出了一系列SERS电磁增强的理论计算方法’‘－“．在这些理论计算中,大多包含有SERS强度与粒径关系的结果．粒径对SERS强度的影响体现在两方面：1）SERS与粗糙度有关,粒径可视为粗…     

基于上转换纳米粒子-金纳米棒的荧光共振能量转移免疫分析法用于癌胚抗原检测

构建了一种基于上转换纳米粒子(Upconversion nanoparticles, UCNP)-金纳米棒(Gold nanorods, GNR)的荧光共振能量转移(Fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET)免疫分析方法用于灵敏检测癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA)。以UCNP作为供体,GNR作为受体,将CEA抗体通过共价偶联的方式分别修饰在UCNP和GNR表面,形成抗体偶联物UCNP-cAb和GNR-dAb,当引入CEA后,通过抗原-抗体相互作用形成“三明治”夹心复合物,导致UCNP与GNR相互靠近发生FRET,并且荧光淬灭效率与CEA浓度呈正相关。基于此建立了检测CEA的FRET免疫分析方法,线性范围为0.01～100 ng/mL,检出限(S/N=3)为0.01 ng/mL。采用构建的FRET免疫分析方法实现了对缓冲溶液和人血清样本中的CEA的检测。本方法具有良好的选择性,有望用于临床检测,为相关癌症的早期诊断、治疗及预后监测等提供了新方法。     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术在microRNA检测中的研究进展

microRNA是一段长约为18~24个核苷酸的内源性非编码单链RNA. 最新研究发现: 许多疾病和肿瘤的发生与microRNA的表达水平息息相关, 且microRNA有望成为新型肿瘤标志物及癌症治疗的新目标. 因此, 发展高灵敏度、高特异性及简单快速的microRNA分析检测方法对于生物医学研究和癌症的早期诊断具有重要的意义. 表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术由于具有灵敏度高、检测速度快、指纹识别、水干扰小等独特优势, 在癌症的早期诊断领域具有很大的应用价值. 作者综述了SERS技术在microRNA检测方面的最新研究进展, 分析了该技术在生物检测中亟待解决的关键问题和挑战, 并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望.     

基于罗丹明B和金纳米粒子荧光共振能量转移检测卡托普利

基于罗丹明B(RhB)与金纳米粒子(AuNPs)的荧光共振能量转移,建立了一种简单、灵敏、快速测定药物卡托普利的新方法。初步探讨了方法机理,并对pH值、反应时间、AuNPs和RhB的浓度等实验条件进行了优化。优化实验条件下,方法的线性范围为9.2×10~(-8)~1.8×10~(-6) mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为6.9×10~(-8) mol/L。该方法用于卡托普利药品中卡托普利的测定,获得了满意结果。     

Selective Energy Transfer Between Quantum Dots and Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Multiple Mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Selective energy transfer between quantum dots and gold nanoparticles was used to simultaneously detect mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. We functionalized the surface of gold nanoparticles and green and red-emitting quantum dots using four different probe DNAs that were designed to be a perfect complementary to an in-frame deletion mutation in exon 19 or L858 R point mutation in exon 21 of EGFR. We found that the presence of the deletion mutation in exon 19 in target oligonucleotides caused fluorescence quenching at 525 nm due to energy transfer from green-emitting quantum dots to gold nanoparticles, whereas point mutation in exon 21 resulted in quenching at 620 nm due to energy transfer from red-emitting quantum dots to gold nanoparticles. This method could successfully be used to simultaneously detect the presence of two types of mutations in EGFR. We also defined a parameter (i.e., the extent of quenching) to quantify fluorescence quenching phenomenon. By varying the fraction of mutant type DNA in target oligonucleotides, we showed that detection sensitivity based on the extent of quenching was about 5%, which is lower than the conventional direct sequencing method.     

金纳米簇荧光猝灭型探针高灵敏检测精胺

以紫脲酸铵(Murexide,MU)为还原剂及保护剂,采用水热合成法,合成了紫脲酸铵保护的荧光金纳米簇(MU-Au NCs),合成方法简单、快速.基于精胺对MU-Au NCs的荧光猝灭现象,建立了快速、超灵敏检测精胺的"Turn off"型荧光分析方法,在优化的条件下,本方法检测精胺的线性范围为0.003~300 μmol/L,检测限为1 nmol/L(S/N=3).本方法为构建精胺生物传感器及实际样品检测提供了理论基础和参考.     

Comparative Studies on the Quick Recognition of Melamine Using Unmodified Gold Nanoparticles and p‐Nitrobenzenesulfonic Grafted Silver Nanoparticles

Both unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and p‐nitrobenzenesulfonic (p‐NBS) grafted silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by chemical synthesis, respectively. They could be used for visual detection via the interaction with the twelve amide compounds including melamine. These color changes could be seen with the naked eye directly and monitored by ultraviolet visible (UV‐Vis) absorbance spectra. The recognition mechanism for both nanoparticles was comparatively investigated by the addition of glutathione (GSH) in the presence of melamine, respectively. The triple hydrogen bonding recognition and the attractive van der Waals interactions between melamine (0.5 mg/L) and AuNPs were responsible for the color change during its aggregation (red‐to‐purple or blue), whilst the electron donor‐acceptor interaction between melamine (0.2 mg/L) and p‐NBS modified on the surface of AgNPs resulted in the color changes (yellow‐to‐grey or dark green).     

二氧化硅纳米颗粒表面原位还原银纳米簇电化学发光传感界面的构建与分子识别

通过牛血清蛋白(BSA)对二氧化硅纳米颗粒(SiO₂ NPs)表面进行氨基、 巯基功能化, 随后以BSA同时作为模板和还原剂, 原位生成银纳米簇(Ag NCs), 获得显著增强阴极电化学发光(ECL)信号的Ag NCs-SiO₂ NPs复合纳米材料. 结果表明, 当测试溶液中含有L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)时, 其与传感界面上的Ag NCs发生共价结合作用, 从而猝灭其ECL信号. 基于该原理, 构建了“开-关”型ECL信号响应模式的L-Cys生物传感器. 该传感器检测L-Cys的浓度范围为50 nmol/L~50 μmol/L, 最低检测限达到13.7 nmol/L, 能够实现L-Cys的高灵敏及特异性分析, 有望在生物、 医学等领域得到广泛应用.     

Ratiometric Detection of microRNA Using Hybridization Chain Reaction and Fluorogenic Silver Nanoclusters

miRNA (miR)-155 is a potential biomarker for breast cancers. We aimed at developing a nanosensor for miR-155 detection by integrating hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). HCR serves as an enzyme-free and isothermal amplification method, whereas AgNCs provide a built-in fluorogenic detection probe that could simplify the downstream analysis. The two components were integrated by adding a nucleation sequence of AgNCs to the hairpin of HCR. The working principle was based on the influence of microenvironment towards the hosted AgNCs, whereby unfolding of hairpin upon HCR has manipulated the distance between the hosted AgNCs and cytosine-rich toehold region of hairpin. As such, the dominant emission of AgNCs changed from red to yellow in the absence and presence of miR-155, enabling a ratiometric measurement of miR with high sensitivity. The limit of detection (LOD) of our HCR-AgNCs nanosensor is 1.13 fM in buffered solution. We have also tested the assay in diluted serum samples, with comparable LOD of 1.58 fM obtained. This shows the great promise of our HCR-AgNCs nanosensor for clinical application.     

基于银/铂纳米模拟酶表面修饰的铜离子比色检测方法研究

通过对银/铂纳米簇(Ag/Pt NCs)的表面修饰调控其催化活性,建立了一种高灵敏的比色法检测Cu2+.巯基丙酸能够抑制Ag/Pt NCs的催化活性,而巯基丙酸与Cu2+作用后,将导致上述抑制作用减弱.基于上述原理,通过测量Ag/Pt NCs 催化TMB-H2O2反应产生的显色信号,可以实现Cu2+的比色检测.本方法检测Cu2+的线性范围为10～100 nmol/L,检出限(3σ)为5.0 nmol/L.将本方法应用于实际水样中Cu2+的检测,结果表明,本方法具有操作简单、成本低、灵敏度高、特异性好等优点.     

Delayed Fluorescent Emission from Pyrene Doped Phenanthrene Nanoparticles Based on Triplet-triplet Energy Transfer

Doped nanoparticles were prepared from pyrene and phenanthrene using a facile reprecipitation method. The doped nanoparticles presented unique delayed fluorescent emissions of pyrene under the unprotected condition. The ratio of the intensity of delayed fluorescence (I_DF) to that of phosphorescence (I_P) is about 4:1, which almost keeps unchanged with the decrease of pyrene content at room temperature. The intensity of the delayed fluorescence emissions is dependent on the relative content of pyrene, as well as the aggregation degree of nanoparticles. The delayed emissions are contributed to efficient triplet‐triplet energy transfer from phenanthrene (donor) to pyrene (acceptor). Steady fluorescence measurement have proved that the singlet‐singlet energy transfer process was also existent dominated by the radiation energy transfer mechanism.     

金纳米粒子在平整硅基表面上的组装

采用水相硅烷化方法,将３－氨基丙基－三甲氧基硅烷（ＡＰＳ）组装在湿化学法处理的单晶硅表面上。接触角、原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）、Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表征结果显示得到了平整均匀的具有氨基表面的自组装膜。ＳＥＭ观察表明,１６ｎｍ的金纳米粒子可以在上述氨基表面上形成均匀的亚单层排布,得到了具有Ａｕ纳米粒子／ＡＰＳ／Ｓｉ形成的纳米复合结构,进一步的处理可以使金纳米粒子在表面上的排列由随机趋于有序化。