巴比妥印迹聚合物的理论设计与实验性能评价

借助于Gaussian 09程序,运用杂化密度泛函M062X方法,以巴比妥(BAR)为印迹分子,分别以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、4-乙烯基吡啶(4-Vpy)及N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAD)为功能单体,模拟计算了BAR与不同功能单体间的相互作用,用氢键与结合能(ΔE)优化最佳功能单体.计算结果表明,MAA与印迹分子氢键数目最多,键长最短,ΔE最小,作用力最强,且最佳反应摩尔比为1∶6.采用沉淀聚合法合成BAR与MAA的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)纳米微球,并对MIPs进行表征.结果表明,与AM,4-Vpy及MBAD相比,MAA与BAR形成的复合物稳定性与选择吸附性更高;乙腈致孔剂中合成的MIPs微球平均粒径为190 nm,分散性良好.Scatchard分析表明,在所研究的浓度范围内MIPs对BAR的结合位点是等价的,其离解平衡常数Kd与最大表观吸附量Qmax分别为63.3 mg/L和17.5 mg/g;热力学研究表明,BAR-MIPs对BAR的吸附为放热过程;BAR-MIPs对BAR的吸附量明显高于其对1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸(DMBA)、2-硫代巴比妥酸(TMB)和戊巴比妥钠(PBS)的吸附量,表现出较强的特异性吸附能力.     

谷胱甘肽分子印迹聚合物的制备及其性能研究

采用新型光源高压汞灯制备了三肽分子谷胱甘肽的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs), 反应时间缩短, 制备条件温和. 对MIPs做了一系列的静态吸附实验, 结合荧光测定法研究了不同单体-模板比例下MIPs表现出来的吸附性能. 对最佳比例制备的MIPs进行了一系列性能研究, 包括吸附等温线的测定、Scatchard分析以及薄层色谱分离实验等. 结果表明, 所合成的MIPs对GSH具有良好的吸附和选择识别能力,最大吸附量为45.4 mg/g, 特异因子达到了4.98.     

谷胱甘肽分子印迹聚合物的制备及其性能研究

采用新型光源高压汞灯制备了三肽分子谷胱甘肽的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs),反应时间缩短,制备条件温和.对MIPs做了一系列的静态吸附实验,结合荧光测定法研究了不同单体-模板比例下MIPs表现出来的吸附性能.对最佳比例制备的MIPs进行了一系列性能研究,包括吸附等温线的测定、Scatchard分析以及薄层色谱分离实验等.结果表明,所合成的MIPs对GSH具有良好的吸附和选择识别能力,最大吸附量为45·4mg/g,特异因子达到了4·98.     

液晶分子印迹整体柱的制备及其分子识别热力学

液晶分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)因刚性液晶单体的加入而在超低交联度水平下也能印迹和识别模板分子,有效解决了传统MIPs因高交联度造成的位点包埋、结合容量低、传质慢等问题。尽管液晶MIPs具有如此独特的优势,但却面临着由于交联度的大幅度降低而导致印迹效果下降的问题。为了研究液晶MIPs的结合特性,制备具有良好印迹效果的低交联液晶MIPs,该文通过二次接枝聚合,制备了一系列不同交联度的液晶分子印迹整体柱,用高效液相色谱法研究了聚合参数与印迹整体柱亲和性的关系。实验中选用三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)为交联剂,以甲苯和十二醇为致孔剂合成整体柱骨架,并在此基础上以(S)-萘普生为模板,加入液晶单体4-氰基苯基单环己基乙烯(CPCE)进行二次聚合接枝。实验中系统考察了流动相中乙腈比例及缓冲液pH值对色谱保留的影响,结果发现液晶单体的加入使得MIPs对萘普生保留控制机制由原来的氢键作用变为了疏水作用;通过动态吸附实验得到的突破曲线经前沿分析及对吸附等温线Langmuir、Freundlich和Scatchard分析拟合,发现交联度为15%时液晶MIPs印迹因子最大(3.78)、非均一性最强,且特异性吸附量高于非特异性吸附量。液晶MIPs的计量置换模型(SDM-R)分析表明,液晶印迹整体柱对模板分子的总亲和力(ln A=0.645)明显高于其类似物;而从空间匹配程度看,与液晶印迹整体柱空间匹配程度最高的是酮洛芬而非模板分子,但液晶印迹整体柱对酮洛芬的总亲和力(ln A=0.242)不及模板分子的一半,表明在本低交联液晶印迹系统中,空间效应不是决定印迹系统识别能力的主要因素。进一步的分离热力学研究发现,低交联液晶印迹柱的|ΔΔH|<T|ΔΔS|,而交联度为70%的非液晶MIPs柱的|ΔΔH|>T|ΔΔS|,表明液晶MIPs的分离过程是一个熵控制过程,而常规无液晶MIPs的分离过程是一个焓控制过程。上述结果表明,液晶单体的加入改变了MIPs的识别机制,适当的低交联度可显著提高液晶MIPs的识别性能,因此液晶MIPs这些特质有望使其成为新一代的MIPs。     

碳纳米管吸附水溶液中双酚A的热力学

以甲醇和去离子水组成的体系（体积比90∶10）为流动相,建立了以香烟过滤嘴作吸附剂,固相萃取（SPE）与高效液相色谱（HPLC）联用测定水中双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)的新方法。研究了水溶液中碳纳米管(CNTs)吸附双酚A的热力学特性,测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线,并探讨了其可能的吸附机理。结果表明,CNTs对BPA 的吸附主要以快速吸附为主,常温下,碳纳米管对于70 mg·L-1的双酚A水溶液的吸附量可达到 24.65 mg g-1,吸附量随初始浓度的增加而增加,随温度的降低而增大,采用Freundlich和Langmuir方程拟合,相关系数均大于0.99,热力学函数ΔG、ΔH及ΔS分别为-39.48 ~ -43.51 KJ·mol-1、-18.06 KJ·mol-1、71.73 J·mol-1·K-1,吸附为放热、熵增的自发过程,降低温度有利于吸附,并且具有物理吸附特征。     

尼莫地平分子印迹聚合物的制备及热力学性能研究

采用本体聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)为交联剂、尼莫地平为模板分子,制备了分子印迹聚合物。运用平衡结合实验,研究了印迹聚合物对尼莫地平、尼群地平、非洛地平药物分子的选择性识别能力。3种药物的静态吸附分配系数KD值分别为0.221 4、0.197 2、0.051 4。结果表明分子印迹聚合物对尼莫地平有较高的选择性。测定了不同温度下印迹聚合物的吸附等温曲线,表明吸附等温线为Ⅰ型吸附等温线,且随着温度的升高吸附量降低,说明吸附过程是放热过程。为了进一步研究印迹聚合物的吸附机理,进行了热力学性质的研究,测定了不同温度下吸附过程的熵变、焓变和吉布斯自由能变化,实验结果表明吸附是焓控制过程。     

吲哚美辛纳米胶体金分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在固相萃取中的应用

以吲哚美辛(IDM)为模板分子,丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,本体聚合法制备过程中加入纳米胶体金,合成了吲哚美辛胶体金分子印迹聚合物(MIPs/Au),利用MIPs/Au表面胶体金对蛋白吸附作用,将抗吲哚美辛的多克隆抗体固定在MIPs/Au上,得到表面固定有抗体的新型聚合物(MIPs/Au-Ab)并对其进行了表征。制备了填充材料为MIPs/Au-Ab的固相萃取柱并对其上样、淋洗和洗脱条件进行了优化,并将所制备的新型萃取柱用于水样中IDM的分离富集。抗吲哚美辛抗体交联在聚合物表面,不仅增加了萃取柱的特异性吸附容量,而且有效地降低了MIP的非特异性吸附。     

201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附浓海水中溴的热力学研究

研究了201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附浓海水中溴的热力学行为,测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线,并计算出吸附过程的热力学参数ΔG、ΔH和ΔS。研究表明,该树脂对溴的吸附容量为2.489mg Br2/mL湿树脂,吸附率达到98%;吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir吸附等温方程;ΔG为负值,该吸附过程可自发进行;ΔH>0,且其绝对值小于40kJ/mol,表明该吸附过程吸热且属于物理吸附;ΔS>0,该吸附过程属于熵增过程。     

邻-氨基酚修饰吸附树脂对2-氨基吡啶的静态吸附热力学及动力学特征

合成了两种邻-氨基酚修饰超高交联吸附树脂(MOAR-1、MOAR-2),并用该树脂对水溶液中2-氨基吡啶的静态吸附热力学和动力学特征进行研究。热力学研究结果表明,Freundlich吸附等温方程能够对静态吸附等温线进行很好地拟合。吸附焓变ΔH<0,其绝对值小于60kJ/mol,表明以物理吸附为主以及该吸附剂容易脱附的特征;ΔG<0,说明吸附是自发行为;ΔS<0,表明吸附质分子在树脂表面上的运动受到了限制。两种树脂对2-氨基吡啶的吸附量随着温度的升高而降低,适当降低温度有利于吸附。动力学研究的结果表明:吸附符合一级动力学方程,吸附速率随温度升高而增大。表观活化能Ea<4.0kJ/mol,说明吸附较容易进行。     

紫外光聚合法制备L-DBTA手性分子印迹聚合物的研究Ⅱ.聚合物性能

以丙烯酸为功能单体,二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸(L-DBTA)为模板分子,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)为交联剂,采用紫外光聚合方法合成了L-DBTA手性分子印迹聚合物.通过HPLC表征,表明合成的手性分子印迹聚合物对L-DBTA模板分子具有很好的识别性,L-DBTA的选择性比二苯甲酰-D-酒石酸(D-DBTA)高.通过Scatchard分析表明,L-DBTA手性分子印迹聚合物中只存在一类影响聚合物识别能力的结合位点.293.15K时,结合位点的平衡离解常数为0.064mmol/L,最大表现结合容量为6.4mg/g.MIPs结合热力学研究表明,印迹分子L-DBTA与分子印迹聚合物手性识别基团之间的识别机理可以用Langmuir等温吸附描述,结合热力学参数为△H=7.40 kJ/mol,△S=42.74 J/(mol·K),△G298=-5.34kJ/mol.L-DBTA与MIPs相互作用速率快,表观活化能为7.40 kJ/mol.     

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization for solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A

The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for bisphenol A (BPA) was reported in this article. The resulting MIPs have high imprinting and adsorption capacities, and can be used for separation and determination of BPA in environmental water samples. The successful application of ROMP in the molecular imprinting field is described here. For the first time, two cross-linkers (dicyclopentadiene and 2,5-norbornadiene) and two Grubbs catalysts (first and second generation) were investigated to compare their effects on the binding performance of MIPs. The ROMP technique is able to create the imprinted polymers within 1 h under mild conditions. Furthermore, it can provide MIPs with obvious imprinting effects towards the template, very fast template rebinding kinetics, high binding capacity and appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. The adsorption process for MIPs in this study can be completed within 45 min, which is much faster than that of bulk MIPs synthesized by traditional free-radical polymerization. The resulting imprinting polymer was evaluated for its use as a sorbent support in an off-line solid-phase extraction approach to recover BPA from diluted aqueous samples. The optimized extraction protocol resulted in a reliable MISPE method suitable for selective extraction and preconcentration of BPA from tap water, human urine and liquid milk samples. This article demonstrates the practical feasibility of the MIPs prepared via ROMP as solid-phase extraction materials.     

分子印迹β-环糊精聚合物选择性识别水中的双酚A

以双酚A为模板分子, β-环糊精为功能单体, 六亚甲基二异氰酸酯为交联剂, 二甲基亚砜为溶剂, 采用沉淀聚合法合成了分子印迹β-环糊精聚合物. 用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、 扫描电子显微镜对聚合物的结构进行表征. 从选择性、 吸附容量、 结合特性对吸附剂的性能进行了评价. 底物类似物的机会均等与机会不均等竞争吸附实验证明了β-CD-MIPs对底物的结合容量远大于对类似物的结合容量. 用热力学参数对实验数据进行拟合, 发现β-CD-MIPs对BPA的吸附为自发的放热过程, 温度低对吸附有利.     

蛋白质分子印迹聚合物研究

分子识别现象在生命过程中扮演着极其重要的角色,对此进行研究和探索是化学和生物学领域的核心课题,制备具有分子识别能力的人工受体是对该领域科学工作者的一个持久挑战．为此,相关研究人员进行了多方努力,创造性地发展了许多崭新的方法和手段,其中的分子印迹聚合物制备技术就是这些方法和手段中的一种.     

Molecularly imprinted polymers prepared in aqueous solution selective for [Sar,Ala]angiotensin II

Conventional molecular imprinting technology allows the synthesis in organic solvents of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) selective toward relatively low molecular weight compounds. However, synthesis in aqueous media of chemically and mechanically stable MIPs that can recognize biomolecules such as peptides and proteins still is a great challenge. In this article, we report the successful synthesis of peptide-selective MIPs in aqueous solution. HPLC evaluation of these polymers with a water-based mobile phase showed their selectivity for the peptide, [Sar¹,Ala⁸]angiotensin II (SA), that had been used as the template, but not for its parent peptide angiotensin II (AII). The binding capacity and selectivity of our MIPs depended on the ratio of template to functional monomer in the polymerization mixture, as well as on the ionic strength and pH of the chromatographic mobile phase. These MIPs can be used for chromatographic detection of the octapeptide [Sar¹,Ala⁸]angiotensin II in aqueous solution, with a detection limit of 8 pmol and a response that is linear (r²>0.99) over the concentration range 0.4-20 μM.     

Water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for efficient direct injection on-line solid-phase extraction of ropivacaine and bupivacaine from human plasma

Two novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) selected from a combinatorial library of bupivacaine imprinted polymers were used for selective on-line solid-phase extraction of bupivacaine and ropivacaine from human plasma. The MIPs were prepared using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linking monomer and in addition hydroxyethylmethacrylate to render the polymer surface hydrophilic. The novel MIPs showed high selectivity for the analytes and required fewer and lower concentrations of additives to suppress non-specific adsorption compared with a conventional MIP. This enabled the development of an on-line system for direct extraction of buffered plasma. Selective extraction was achieved without the use of time-consuming solvent switch steps, and transfer of the analytes from the MIP column to the analytical column was carried out under aqueous conditions fully compatible with reversed-phase LC gradient separation of analyte and internal standard. The MIPs showed excellent aqueous compatibility and yielded extractions with acceptable recovery and high selectivity.     

环境样品中双酚类化合物的固相萃取研究进展

双酚类化合物作为一类内分泌干扰物广泛存在于环境介质中,经过多种途径迁移至人体后,可对人体产生内分泌毒性、细胞毒性、基因毒性、生殖毒性、二噁英毒性和神经毒性,已被加拿大政府风险评估识别为进一步优先控制名录。随着环境领域对双酚类化合物的广泛关注,相关研究工作逐渐向水、沉积物、灰尘和生物样品等多介质开拓。但是,由于不同环境样品在基质复杂性和污染物浓度水平等方面存在显著差异,开发提取效率高、净化选择性好、普适性强、操作简单、高通量的提取和净化方法,有助于实现环境介质中双酚类化合物的高灵敏、批量检测。近年来,新型前处理技术发展迅速,尤其是固相萃取技术,在双酚类化合物提取与净化方面取得了长足的发展,不仅在一定程度上克服了传统提取净化方法存在的耗时、耗力和耗溶剂等不足,而且为新型污染物分析提供了更多的技术支持。该文简述了典型双酚类化合物的理化性质、用途用量和环境危害,重点围绕新型固相萃取吸附剂开发和固相萃取模式转变两个方面,总结了固相萃取在双酚类化合物提取净化方法方面取得的进展。商品化固相萃取产品普适性强,在环境监测领域应用范围较广,适用于双酚类化合物的产品种类有限;新型吸附剂研发聚焦吸附容量(如介孔硅材料、碳纳米材料、金属-有机框架材料、环糊精)和选择性(如分子印迹聚合物和混合模式离子交换聚合物)两个方面,种类多样化可满足不同检测需求;越来越多的高灵敏分析仪器不断推向市场,为适应新的发展形势,固相萃取模式正逐渐向微型化、自动化、简易化等方向发展,如QuEChERS、固相微萃取、磁固相萃取等。     

Highly selective stir bar coated with dummy molecularly imprinted polymers for trace analysis of bisphenol A in milk

A water compatible molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) coated stir bar for bisphenol A(BPA) was prepared with 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A as the dummy template molecule in this study. The dummy molecularly imprinted polymers coated stir bar (DMIPs-SB) showed better selectivity than the bars coated with polydimethylsiloxane or non-imprinted polymers when used to extract BPA and its three analogues. The saturated adsorption amount of the DMIPs coating was 3.0 times over that of the non-imprinted polymers coating. To achieve the optimum extraction performance, several parameters, including extraction and desorption time, pH value, adsorption temperature and stirring speed were investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography combined with the DMIPs-SB was employed in the analysis of BPA in aqueous solution. The linear range of BPA concentration in aqueous medium was 0.0228-2.28 ng/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9994 and the detection limit was about 6.84 × 10(-3) ng/mL based on three times ratio of signal to noise. This method was directly applied to the determination of trace BPA in milk with satisfactory results.     

Molecular imprinting‐based micro‐stir bar sorptive extraction for specific analysis of Glibenclamide in herbal dietary supplements

A novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) coated micro‐stir bar (MSB) for Glibenclamide (GM) was developed. The MIPs, with GM as template molecular and methacrylic acid as functional monomer, were synthesized at the surface of the silylated MSB that was filled with magnetic core as substrate. Computational simulation was used for the optimal selection of functional monomers and porogen. The thickness of MIPs coating for MSB was about 10 μm, the adsorption and desorption time were about 40 and 20 min, respectively. The MIPs coated MSB possessed mechanical stability, high adsorption capacity, and good selectivity for GM. To achieve the optimum extraction performance, several parameters including extraction and desorption time, stirring rate, extraction and desorption solvent were investigated. A method for the determination of GM in herbal dietary supplements by MIPs coated MSB coupled with HPLC‐UV was established. The results exhibited good linear ranges of 10–6250 μg L^?1 with the low limit of detection of GM (3.05 μg L^?1) and the good recoveries (81.9–101.4%).     

Preparation of quercetin imprinted core-shell organosilicate microspheres using surface imprinting technique

In this work,the quercetin imprinted core-shell microspheres were prepared using silica surface imprinting technique.A simple sol-gel procedure was used for the synthesis of the imprinted materials with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as functional monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate as crosslinker.The SEM images indicated that the MIPs shell was successfully grafted onto the silica surface.The characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers such as capacity,selectivity and absorption dynamic were investigated by rebinding experiments.The results showed that the prepared MIPs had good imprinting effect and adsorption amount of quercetin.     

Study on the mechanism of chiral recognition with molecularly imprinted polymers

This study aimed at elucidating the chiral recognition mechanism with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in aqueous environment. The system used ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and 4-l-phenylalanylamino-pyridine (4-l-PheNHPy) as the cross-linking monomer, functional monomer and template, respectively, to assemble the imprinted polymer. A self-assembly mechanism, which includes the pre-organizing functional monomers around template before polymerization process, was proposed. This mechanism was supported by NMR titration test. Interactions between functional monomer and template were observed using UV-Vis spectroscopy of solutions of these components as well. These studies indicated a 1:2 molecular complex dominantly formed between 4-l-PheNHPy and MAA. Association constant was estimated to be 97,000 M⁻². Based on these results, a model mainly involving two-spot interaction was proposed evolving from our reported concept of exact placement of functional group. Ionic interaction between the primary amino group of 4-l-PheNHPy and carboxylic acid group inside the microcavity on MIPs was believed to play a predominate role in the enantioselectivity as supported by the observation of the relationship between the retention factor of 4-l-PheNHPy and the pH of mobile phase. While thermodynamic study at different pH revealed that, the interaction between the pyridyl group of 4-l-PheNHPy and the carboxylic acid group on the MIPs is also strong, implying that it also plays a profound role in determining the highly chiral selectivity of MIPs.