A high efficiency 46 to 92 GHz all microstrip frequency doubler

Using packaged GaAs varactor diodes, a high efficiency 46 to 92 GHz frequency doubler has been developed. Microstrip circuits have been used to match the input and output impedances presented by the diode. A conversion loss of 8 to 10 dB was measured. This doubler circuit is useful for W-band (75 to 110 GHz) integrated circuit receivers and transceivers. The use of microstrip circuit can drastically reduce the fabrication cost in addition to size and weight.     

A broadband Ka-band microstrip circulator for integrated millimeter wave systems

A Ka-band microstrip circulator, using ferrite with 4 M=5000 G, have been developed. By optimizing the circulator configuration, broadband n=2 Chebyshev response performance are obtained over 7 GHz bandwidth. The circulator have isolation of greater than 15 dB, and insertion loss of less than 1.0 dB.     

A Broadband CPW-to-Microstrip Modes Coupling Technique

A broadband vertical transition from coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-microstrip modes is presented. The transition has a double resonance and can be tuned for very wide-band operation. The CPW-to-microstrip modes coupling technique is useful for the vertical integration of multi-layer millimeter-wave circuits, packaging and antenna feeding networks. A vertical transition has been fabricated on 100 m silicon substrate for operation at W-band frequencies and shows less than 0.3 dB of insertion loss and better than 12 dB of return loss from 75 to 110 GHz. A 94 GHz CPW-fed microstrip antenna showing a 10-dB bandwidth of about 30 % has been built using the same transition technique.     

Design of W-Band Tripler

This paper describes a high performance W-band tripler with a novel structure. Input frequency is 25-36.7 GHz, output frequency 75-110 GHz, input power is 20dBm and conversion loss 16 dB. It can extend microwave signal to W-band (adding in Ka-band doubler). In the design, we give some approaches to achieve high band performances.     

DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP LANGE COUPLER BASED ON EM-ANN MODEL

Electromagnetically trained artificial neural network (EM-ANN) model for microstrip Lange Coupler is presented. Full-wave EM analysis software is employed to characterize the Lange Coupler. The EM-ANN model is then designed using physical parameters as inputs and S-parameters as outputs. Once the EM-ANN model is trained, it can be used to find the optimal physical structure of the Lange Coupler for a given application using optimization technique. A Ka-band microstrip Lange Coupler is designed by this method. The simulated results of the Lange Coupler show that the insert loss is better than −3.64 dB; the amplitude balance is less than 0.55 dB and the phase balance is less than 0.52°from the 90°phase difference over the 30 to 40 GHz frequency range.     

Ka波段的反射型模拟电调移相器设计

为了能对射频信号进行连续相位调制,设计了Ka波段新型小型化的模拟电调移相器,该电路基于90°分支线电桥与并联结构变容二极管实现电路大范围移相,利用四分之一波长微带线实现电路匹配及阻抗变换,通过并联补偿电阻平衡其插入损耗波动,并对其进行了详细分析与探讨。仿真及实测结果表明:该移相器在29~31GHz频段范围内,可获得180°左右的相移量,插入损耗优于6.5dB,插入损耗波动在1dB内,相移误差小于10°。     

基于补偿型微带谐振单元的一维光子带隙结构

提出了一种具有光子带隙(PBG)性能的补偿型微带谐振单元(C-CMRC)，通过并联两个开路微带线来补偿CMRC结构在低频通带内因为阻抗不平衡而引起的回波损耗，从而减小插入损耗，并且该C-CMRC谐振结构具有更强的慢波效应和更大的禁带宽度.利用该结构谐振单元的慢波效应，设计具有一维PBG性能的低通滤波器，重复周期仅为0.15λ_g.与普通的0.5λ_g周期的PBG结构相比，大大减小了电路面积.实际设计、制作和测试了CMRC和C-CMRC两种结构，通过两种结构的测试结果 关键词： 补偿型微带谐振单元 慢波 禁带 光子带隙     

带抽头的微带交指滤波器初始设计流程

带抽头的微带交指滤波器初始设计方法繁多,但设计不够全面、简洁,同时精度不高,因此给出了一套详细、简洁的初始设计流程。设计步骤为:指标“规范化”,确定低通原型滤波器,求解滤波器阶数,求解归一化电导值,设计抽头的线长和线宽,设计谐振器的线宽,设计非输入输出谐振器的线长,设计相邻谐振器间距,设计输入输出谐振器的线长和抽头的位置,交指滤波器整体建模仿真。最后以Ka波段滤波器为案例进行初始设计,初始设计结果显示中心频率在30.19 GHz附近,通带比29.40~31.00 GHz略大,通带内最大插入损耗为4.22 dB,最小回波损耗为9.32 dB,27.00 GHz和33.40 GHz的带外抑制大于30.00 dB,已经基本满足设计指标,后续只需要稍加优化就能完全满足设计指标,验证了此套设计流程的可行性及其较高的精度。     

On the design and performance of printed-circuit filters and diplexers for millimeter-wave integrated circuits

This paper describes the design and performance of various millimeter-wave printed-circuit filters and diplexers. These components include microstrip/suspended stripline and finline lowpass filters, capacitive-gap and inductive-iris-coupled bandpass filters, spurline bandstop filters, and finline diplexers. State-of-the-art performances from Ka-band (26.5 to 40 GHz) to D-band (110 to 170 GHz) have been obtained. Agreement between the measured and calculated results was also achieved.     

Analysis and design of a new type NRD-guide E-plane Y-junction circulator

A new type of E-plane Y-junction circulator has been developed based on the nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD-guide) in Ka- band. First, the circulation principle has been analysed by the theory of polarization wave. The field components in the nonreciprocal Y-junction zone and the conclusion of 60° phase difference between clockwise and counterclockwise rotating polarization modes has been obtained. And then, the resonant frequency of the non-dc biased triangle ferrite sample has also been calculated. This kind of structure is benefit to enlarge the bandwidth of the Y-junction circulator. As an example, we had designed and fabricated a circulator in Ka-band. Its operating frequency is 35. 1GHz, the 1.5dB insertion loss and 20dB isolation bandwidth is about 1. 0GHz.     

A Multilayer Waveguide Window for Wide-Bandwidth Millimeter Wave Tubes

A multilayer waveguide window is demonstrated to exhibit wide bandwidth and high transmission for applications in high-frequency microwave tubes. A transfer matrix approach is employed to discretize the dielectric function profile of the multilayer heterostructure in a rectangular waveguide. The closed form has been obtained and the corresponding reflection and transmission characteristics have been carried out. The analytical calculation is also compared with the result of numerical simulation via the finite-element code HFSS. The exact calculation agrees with the numerical simulation very well. By comparison, the approach not only enhances the accuracy and efficiency, but also gives a good criterion for the design. The results show that the bandwidth for a transmission of 99%, i.e., S ₁₁ below –20 dB, can be optimized to be about 8.75 GHz at a central frequency of 35 GHz or about 25%. A wide-bandwidth waveguide window can be easily designed for Ka-band and W-band tubes, and even for higher frequency ones.     

基于缺陷地结构的微带低通滤波器设计

提出了一种具有宽带带外抑制的小型化微带低通滤波器。该滤波器由缺陷地结构和两阶阶跃阻抗单元结构构成。利用ANSYS HFSS建立三维全波电磁模型并仿真优化,仿真结果表明:该低通滤波器的截止频率为1.4 GHz,通带宽度为0~1.4 GHz,通带内的插入损耗小于0.5 dB,带外抑制频率范围为2.1~11 GHz,在阻带范围内的带外抑制能力接近20 dB。为验证仿真和测试结果,加工并测试了经全波电磁优化后的缺陷地结构微带低通滤波器。测试结果和仿真结果吻合得较好,证明了所提出的缺陷地结构在实现滤波器小型化和宽阻抗带宽上有着重要的作用,能够使该滤波器具有较好的低通滤波特性。     

毫米波速调管电子光学系统的研究

电子光学系统是毫米波速调管长寿命和整管性能实现的关键,毫米波速调管零件尺寸较小,为了在Ka波段和W波段实现千瓦量级的输出功率,要求具有高的电子注通过率及低的阴极负荷。对Ka波段和W波段电子光学系统特性进行了分析,确定了Ka波段10 kW分布作用速调管和W波段1 kW分布作用速调管电子光学系统的设计方案,利用软件对电子枪和聚焦系统的结构进行计算,并采用CST仿真软件对设计的电子枪发射的电子注在聚焦磁场中的状态进行优化。设计出的Ka波段速调管电子光学系统,电子枪工作电压26 kV,发射电流2 A,互作用区长度30 mm,磁场强度大于0.6 T,流通达到100%。设计的W波段速调管电子光学系统,电子枪工作电压17 kV,电流0.65 A,互作用区长度20 mm,磁场大于0.9 T,流通达到100%。已制成Ka波段速调管和W波段速调管,设计的电子光学系统能够满足速调管工程化需求。     

基于二极管Ka波段的新型可调预失真器

为了补偿不同类型功放的非线性特性,设计应用于Ka波段的可调预失真器,该电路基于三支线定向耦合器、肖特基二极管、微带线和负载电阻,产生预失真信号。通过调节肖特基二极管的偏置电压、微带线电长度及负载电阻可以提供不同的幅度和相位组合以满足不同类型的功率放大器线性化要求。仿真及实测结果表明,该预失真器在29~31GHz频段范围内,用于行波管(TWTAs)线性化时可提供约6.5dB的增益扩展和46°的相位扩张;用于固态功率放大器(SSPAs)线性化时可提供约11dB的增益扩展和35°的相位压缩。     

C波段卫星通信中高温超导双工器的研制

文中提出一种紧凑型的c波段高温超导双工器的设计方法,利用一个公共输入节点和两个带通滤波器组成双工器。公共节点是由中心谐振频率处在防护频带上的开环微带环实现,每个带通滤波器都包括四个矩形螺旋线谐振器。双工器的中心频率为4GHz,带宽为0.23GHz。该双工器采用氧化镁衬底双面镝钡铜氧高温超导薄膜加工而成,薄膜上下表面均溅射金保护层。将超导双工器封装在铜制屏蔽盒中并在机械制冷机(77K温度条件)中测试。实验结果表明,每个信道的插入损耗低于0.1dB,两个信道间的隔离度超过40dB。仿真和实验结果达到很好的吻合,有效的说明了设计方法的正确性。     

New Measuring Apparatus for Complex Permittivity at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

A dielectric rod resonator excited by a nonradiative dielectric waveguide is used for measuring complex permittivity of low loss dielectric materials. The complex permittivties of single crystal sapphire, polycrystalline Ba (Mg_1/2 W_1/2) O₃ and Mg₂ Al₄ Si₅ O₁₈ (cordierite) have been obtained at 60 and 77 GHz by the new apparatus. The first time the measurement results of complex permittivity of brain grey and white matters from 15 to 50GHz utilizing a two-port microstrip test fixture is presented. S-parameters of Test fixture are simulated employing the finite-element method. A new spectrometer for the precision measurement of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent, which is capable of providing high resolution data for the first time over an extended W-band (68-118 GHz) frequency for specimens with a large range of absorption values, including highly absorbing specimens that otherwise would not be possible.     

Millimeter-Wave Lange Coupler Design and Its Application in the Monolithic Image Rejection Mixer Design

This paper reports on the design of a Ka-band monolithic Lange coupler and its application in the monolithic fourth-harmonic image rejection mixer. Detailed design and analysis using Ansoft-HFSS simulator have been carried out. The simulated results of the Lange Coupler show the insert loss is better than −3.64 dB; the amplitude balance is less than 0.55 dB and the phase balance is less than 0.65° from the 90° phase difference over the 30 to 40 GHz frequency range. The Lange Coupler is employed in a monolithic image rejection mixer that is fabricated by a commercial 0.18-μm pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor (pHEMT) process. The chip size is 1.4 mm × 1.9 mm. The image rejection ratio (IMR) is from 15 to 34 dB in the RF frequency range of 30 to 40 GHz.     

接地孔效应前置的微带交指滤波器设计

微带交指滤波器通常需要使用接地孔接地，传统的设计方法是在整体建模时再考虑接地孔的影响，导致了接地孔的个数、大小、位置都不确定的多因素、多水平问题，因此可以在设计过程中提前考虑接地孔的影响来避免这些问题。以Ka波段滤波器为案例，分别使用了传统的奇偶模阻抗法、耦合系数和外部品质因数法以及在设计过程中考虑了接地孔的改进方法进行设计。初始设计结果显示，传统方法的中心频率发生偏移，并且其他参数与设计指标相差甚远，而改进方法的中心频率、通带范围以及带外抑制满足指标要求，并且最大插入损耗为3.08 dB，最小回波损耗为10.08 dB，有利于减少后续迭代次数。     

单方环结构左手材料微带天线

设计了一种简单的双面单方环结构左手材料,在4.8–5.25 GHz频率范围内该材料的等效介电常数和等效磁导率同时为负.将此单方环左手材料作为覆盖层,置于中心工作频率为5.0 GHz的微带天线之上. 仿真和实验研究表明:相对普通微带天线而言,覆层微带天线的性能得到了明显改善, E面和H面的半功率波束宽度分别收缩了25°和20°,定向性得到了提高, 5 GHz处的增益提高了3 dB, -10 dB带宽增加了600 MHz. 关键词： 单方环结构 左手材料 微带天线     

Graphical design of millimeter-wave finline bandpass filters

A very simple yet accurate design procedure for the finline bandpass filters at millimeter wavelengths is presented. The technique enables the geometry of finline bandpass filters to be obtained accurately from simple closed-form equations and curves. Using this graphical approach, various millimeter-wave finline bandpass filters have been designed. Results in V-band (50 to 75 GHz) and W-band (75 to 110 GHz) are presented and indicate a good agreement between the calculated and measured performances.