An overview of the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics

The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TI) is summarized and various points concerning the TI and its relation to the Copenhagen interpretation (CI) are considered. Questions concerning mapping the TI onto the CI, of advanced waves as solutions to proper wave equations, of collapse and the QM formalism, and of the relation of quantum mechanical interpretations to experimental tests and results are discussed.     

Photon wavelength, information transport speed, and mass. An information mechanics perspective

In Newton's mechanics, Maxwell's electromagnetism, Einstein's relativistic mechanics, quantum mechanics, and Kantor's information mechanics (IM), the speed of light in vacuumc has been treated as independent of wavelength. However, in IM, the transport of information by means of an electromagnetic signal appears to offer a perspective for reconsidering photon information transport speed, extending the concept of (rest) mass to treat the photon as having a mass of 1 bit.     

One-bit photon polarization in two-photon experiments. An information mechanics perspective

Two-photon experiments of Aspect, Grangier, and Roger, directed toward testing Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen's thought experiment, are seen in the context of Kantor's information mechanics as illustrating some consequences of the fact that the amount of information represented by the photon's polarization is one bit.     

Maximum mass-particle velocities in Kantor's information mechanics

Kantor's information mechanics links phenomena previously regarded as not treatable by a single theory. It is used here to calculate the maximum velocities _m of single particles. For the electron, _m/c1–1.253814×10^–77. The maximum _m corresponds to _m/c1–1.097864×10^–122 for a single mass particle with a rest mass of 3.078496×10^–5g. This is the fastest that matter can move. Either information mechanics or classical mechanics can be used to show that _m is less for heavier particles. That _m is less for lighter particles can be deduced from an information mechanics argument alone.     

Transmission of information and synchronization in a pair of coupled chaotic circuits: An experimental overview

We propose a rationale for experimentally studying the intricate relationship between the rate of information transmission and synchronization level in active networks, applying theoretical results recently proposed. We consider two non-identical coupled Chua’s circuit with non-identical coupling strengths in order to illustrate the proceeding for experimental scenarios of very few data points coming from highly non-coherent coupled systems, such that phase synchronization can only be detected by methods that do not rely explicitely on the calculation of the phase. A relevant finding is to show that for the coupled Chua’s circuit, the larger the level of synchronization the larger the rate of information exchanged between both circuits. We further validate our findings with data from numerical simulations, and discuss an extension to arbitrarily large active networks.     

Uncertainty relations for information entropy in wave mechanics

New uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics are derived. They express restrictions imposed by quantum theory on probability distributions of canonically conjugate variables in terms of corresponding information entropies. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation follows from those inequalities and so does the Gross-Nelson inequality.     

Study on information transmission model of enterprise informal organizations based on the hypernetwork

Different kinds of organizations usually possess more than one informal organizations, and the new informal organization constantly appears in the organization. This paper examines the hypergraph-based hypernetwork topological structure of the informal organizations in a high-tech enterprise. It regards the informal organizational member as the node, and the informal organization as the hyperedge. Afterward, this study continues with four information transmission pathway models that are constructed based on the idea of the susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) epidemic model. It provides the schematic diagram of the time evolution of the information transmission in the enterprise. Moreover, the information transmission ability of the informal organizational hypernetwork in the enterprise is measured. Finally, the results are analyzed and specific advices and measures are put forward. This study shows that it is appropriate to depict the relationships between the members and the informal organizations by using hypernetwork method. The work presented here sheds light on the regularities in the information transmission of the informal organization, followed by understanding the relationships among the enterprise staffs.     

Superspreading mechanisms: An overview

An aqueous solution of trisiloxane-ethoxylate surfactants (superspreaders) has fascinating surface properties that promote rapid spreading over hydrophobic substrates and efficiently reduce the surface tension at the air/solution interface to 21–22 mN/m. Superspreaders have a variety of commercial and industrial applications, and can be used as adjuvants, surface modifiers for fabrics, cleaners and much more. Since their discovery in the 1960s, and despite their significant technological applications, the phenomenon that drives superspreading is still not well understood and is under continuous discussion. The goal of the presented review is to discuss and analyze the data presented in the literature and then to elucidate the concepts and mechanisms to explain what drives the fast rate of spreading. Two concepts are presented (and then excluded) for elucidating the understanding of the fast spreading rate over hydrophobic surfaces: the first concept concludes that the spreading is driven by the contact angle dynamics due to the reduction in the surface tension and/or interfacial tension of the solution/substrate leading to a decreased contact angle during spreading and the value of the spreading coefficient S ≥ 0, while the second concept attempts to show that the spreading is driven by the Marangoni flow over a stretching surface of a spreading drop or at the precursor film. However, neither the spreading coefficient, S ≥ 0, nor the Marangoni flow satisfactorily explains why the rate of spreading vs. the degree of surface wettability has a maximum. This review will help readers gain insight on superspreading and stimulate researchers to explore the superspreading phenomenon for novel applications.     

Nonlinear wave mechanics,information theory,and thermodynamics

A logarithmic nonlinear term is introduced in the Schrödinger wave equation, and a physical justification and interpretation are provided within the context of information theory and thermodynamics. From the resulting nonlinear Schrödinger equation for a system at absolute temperatureT>0, the energy equivalence,kT 1n 2, of a bit of information is derived.     

Experimental quantum cloning with prior partial information

When prior partial information about a state to be cloned is available, it can be cloned with a fidelity higher than that of universal quantum cloning. We experimentally verify this intriguing relationship between the cloning fidelity and the prior information by reporting the first experimental optimal quantum state-dependent cloner, using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Our experiments may further cast important implications into many quantum information processing protocols.     

An overview of the Cassini mission

Summary Cassini is a planetary mission designed to carry out a detailed exploration of the Saturnian system. The Cassini spacecraft is composed of a NASA-provided Saturn Orbiter and an ESA-supplied Titan atmospheric probe. Scheduled for launch in October 1997, Cassini will take about 7 years to reach Saturn after a journey which includes gravity assists from Venus, Earth and Jupiter. In late 2004, a few weeks after the insertion of the Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn, the Huygens probe will be dropped into the atmosphere of Titan. Following the probe mission, the Saturn Orbiter will carry out a 4 year tour within the Saturn system for detailed observations of the Planet Saturn, Titan, many of the icy satellites, the rings and the magnetosphere. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990. The content of the paper has been updated to reflect the status of Cassini at the time of writing (November 1992).     

水声通信技术综述

文章介绍了水声学中的基础研究领域水下声传播影响因素和研究进展,分析了海洋环境因素对水下声传播的影响机理,给出了不同类型海域以及不同季节的水下声传播特征。文章还列举了目前水下声传播研究的热点问题：水下三维声传播和复杂海洋环境下的水下声传播不确定性研究,并阐述了它在目标探测研究中的应用。最后文章着重讨论了水下声传播的重要应用之一——自适应匹配场处理技术。     

An overview of quarks in nuclei

In this report, the relevance and possible manifestations of quark-gluon degrees of freedom in nuclear systems are discussed. An attempt is made to view the subject in the context of the modern theory of fundamental interactions based on the concept of local gauge invariance. How this gives rise to the quantum chromodynamics of colored quarks and gluons is recounted. An introduction is given to the concepts of asymptotic freedom, color confinement, lattice gauge theory, and chiral symmetry. The nature, the successes and limitations of phenomenological quark models of hadrons are described. The possible appearance of exotic hadrons, and of quark effects in nuclear forces, in high-energy nuclear reactions and in nuclear properties are discussed. The expected properties and possible production and detection of unusual quark-gluon phases of matter are reviewed. Both the experimental detection and the theoretical treatment of quark effects in nuclei appear difficult, but the question of how nuclear physics fits into the panorama which is the modern theory of fundamental interactions appears to represent a worthwhile intellectual challenge.     

An overview of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in massive MIMO networks: A resource allocation perspective

Providing a stable and perpetual source of energy to charge battery-powered wireless communication devices is viewed as a major challenge in wireless communication systems. This challenge leads to the trending research area where radio frequency signals are being exploited for energy harvesting purposes. The technique for achieving this is known as simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In recent studies on SWIPT, the massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) aided energy harvesting has attracted considerable attention from the research community. This can be attributed to the high energy delivery rate of massive MIMO antenna systems due to their capacity to focus transmitted signals in the direction of the intended receivers. However, SWIPT in massive MIMO networks requires an optimal design to achieve a proper balance between different conflicting network objectives. In this article, we aim to discuss various contributions to SWIPT in massive MIMO networks in order to address critical design issues. In particular, we focus on the widely adopted approach to resolving SWIPT-related issues in massive MIMO networks, that is, the resource allocation design. We also extend our discussion to studies dedicated to solving critical design challenges. In this regard, we take into consideration the energy efficiency and security aspect of the system design. Finally, we identify potential areas that can be explored for future research work.     

Hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for partial differential equations in continuum mechanics

We present hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving steady and time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) in continuum mechanics. The essential ingredients are a local Galerkin projection of the underlying PDEs at the element level onto spaces of polynomials of degree k to parametrize the numerical solution in terms of the numerical trace; a judicious choice of the numerical flux to provide stability and consistency; and a global jump condition that enforces the continuity of the numerical flux to arrive at a global weak formulation in terms of the numerical trace. The HDG methods are fully implicit, high-order accurate and endowed with several unique features which distinguish themselves from other discontinuous Galerkin methods. First, they reduce the globally coupled unknowns to the approximate trace of the solution on element boundaries, thereby leading to a significant reduction in the degrees of freedom. Second, they provide, for smooth viscous-dominated problems, approximations of all the variables which converge with the optimal order of k + 1 in the L²-norm. Third, they possess some superconvergence properties that allow us to define inexpensive element-by-element postprocessing procedures to compute a new approximate solution which may converge with higher order than the original solution. And fourth, they allow for a novel and systematic way for imposing boundary conditions for the total stress, viscous stress, vorticity and pressure which are not naturally associated with the weak formulation of the methods. In addition, they possess other interesting properties for specific problems. Their approximate solution can be postprocessed to yield an exactly divergence-free and H(div)-conforming velocity field for incompressible flows. They do not exhibit volumetric locking for nearly incompressible solids. We provide extensive numerical results to illustrate their distinct characteristics and compare their performance with that of continuous Galerkin methods.