混合酸制备四氟化硅气体用于硅同位素测量

1引言在自然界中,硅元素有3种稳定同位素28Si,29Si和30Si,丰度分别为92.23%,3.68%和3.09%。准确测量硅的摩尔质量,需准确测量硅的3种同位素的丰度值。目前,测量硅摩尔质量最佳的方法是采用SiF4气体测定硅同位素的丰度值,这     

半导体凝固点测定仪的研制及其应用

为了配合物理化学实验“凝固点降级法测定萘的摩尔质量”,研制出半导体制冷凝固点测定仪,实现了凝固点测定和摩尔质量计算的自动化,解决了老式实验装置存在的问题。通过对环己烷凝固点和萘摩尔质量的测定,验证了该仪器的可靠性,同时还探讨了搅拌速率和冷阱的温度变化对凝固点测定值的影响。     

凝固点降低测定物质摩尔质量实验装置的改进

介绍一种改进的凝固点降低法测定物质摩尔质量的实验装置,通过调节合适的阻凝温度与散热补偿电流,对样品凝固点的测定精度可以达到±0.003℃,对样品摩尔质量的测定误差可控制在0.5%左右。     

硅摩尔质量精确测量支撑摩尔重新定义

正中国计量院通过2种独立方法,准确测量了X射线晶体密度摩尔质量方法 (硅球法)中浓缩硅–28的摩尔质量,为基于阿佛加德罗常数的SI基本单位摩尔的重新定义奠定基础。2种方法在美、英、德、加、中、日、韩7个国家8个实验室参与的国际比对中均获得最佳比对结果,浓缩硅摩尔     

多检测器凝胶色谱测定海藻酸钠的摩尔质量及其分布和稀溶液构象

本文用多检测器凝胶色谱技术测定了2种化学结构类似但动力黏度不同的海藻酸钠的摩尔质量及其分布和特性黏数([η])、Mark-Houwink指数(α)、流体力学半径(R_h)及均方回转半径(R_g)等参数.通过Mark-Houwink曲线,R_g,R_hνs.M_w曲线,形状因子ρ,及蠕虫链模型对样品的稀溶液构象进行了分析.实验证明2个样品均为单一分布的海藻酸钠,其动力黏度的差异由其摩尔质量及其分布的不同所导致.构象分析显示在该溶解体系下,样品构象受摩尔质量的影响,以5×10~5 g·mol~(-1)为界,摩尔质量较小的分子链呈刚性略强的伸展链构象,而摩尔质量较大的分子链则呈柔性的无规线团构象.     

偶氮聚电解质的合成及其pH敏感行为和热光性能研究

利用偶氮聚电解质上的羧基和偶氮生色基团的特性,研究了侧链偶氮聚电解质的pH值敏感性和热光性能.采用重氮-偶合反应方法合成了偶氮苯生色分子4-(4′-硝基苯基偶氮)苯酚,将生色分子、环氧氯丙烷和α-甲基丙烯酸通过自由基聚合法,合成了侧链偶氮聚电解质.利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-V is)和核磁共振(1H-NMR)等分析手段对所合成的侧链偶氮聚电解质进行了结构表征.采用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)对偶氮聚电解质进行了热稳定性表征,其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为189.8℃,表明具有较高的热稳定性.研究了不同pH值的偶氮聚电解质溶液的紫外-可见光谱,结果表明,偶氮聚电解质对pH值具有高度敏感性.采用衰减全反射(ATR)原理测量聚合物波导薄膜在650 nm和TM偏振下的折射率和热光系数dn/dT,其值为-1.92479×10-4℃-1,是无机材料如硅酸锌玻璃(5.5×10-6℃-1)和硼硅酸盐玻璃(4.1×10-6℃-1)的10倍以上,较有机材料聚苯乙烯(-1.23×10-4℃-1)和PMMA(-1.20×10-4℃-1)大.     

凝固点降低法测定摩尔质量实验方法改进

以差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定环己烷溶液的凝固点降低值。在降温速率1℃·min^-1、氮气气氛下,测定了叔丁醇和甘油的环己烷溶液的凝固点降低值,计算了两种物质的摩尔质量,误差在10％之内。     

第5届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛(试卷C1)实验C1 凝固点降低法测定未知物的摩尔质量

一、实验目的 (1)掌握凝固点降低法测定物质的摩尔质量的基本原理与实验技术. (2)测定水的凝固点降低值,计算未知物的摩尔质量.     

第5届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛(试卷C3)实验C3 粘度的测定及应用

一、实验目的(1)掌握用乌氏粘度计测定粘度的方法。(2)测定一未知高聚物的平均分子量。二、实验原理及实验内容1实验原理高聚物是由单体分子经加聚或缩聚过程而合成的,其聚合度不一定相同,一般高聚物是摩尔质量大小不同的大分子混合物,摩尔质量常在103~107之间,通常所测的高聚物摩尔质量是一个统计平均值。高聚物溶液的粘度是它流动过程中内摩擦力的反映。粘度比较大是高分子溶液的基本特征之一,并且其特性粘度与平均摩尔质量有关,可利用这一关系测定其摩尔质量。有关粘度的定义式如下:相对粘度ηr:ηr=ηη0(1)式中,η为高聚物溶液的粘度,…     

工作用玻璃液体温度计温度修正值的测量不确定度分析

依据JJF1059－1999，利用二等水银湿度计标准装置，分析了工作用玻璃液体温度计温度修正值的测量不确定度。当温度测量点为20℃时，工作用玻璃液体温度计温度修正值的扩展不确定度为0.054℃，当温度测量点为95℃时，工作用玻璃液体温度计温度修正值的扩展不确定度为0.055℃。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -