Some nuclear and atomic properties of201Hg determined by conversion electron spectroscopy

Conversion electron measurements with an electrostatic spectrometer proved the existence of the 1,565±6 eV transition in²⁰¹Hg. The conversion intensity ratios,N ₁/N ₂ =1.2±0.2,N ₁/N ₃=1.1±0.2,N ₂/N ₃=0.92±0.15,N ₄/N ₃=0.03± 0.02 andN ₅/N ₃=0.04 ±0.02 were determined. These values agree with our calculations for the M1±E2 multipolarity with theE2/M1 mixing ratioδ ²=(l.l±0.3)xl0^?4 and exclude all pure multipolarities withL≦4. The total conversion coefficient for the aboveM1 +E2 mixture was evaluated to be (4.7±0.7)× 10⁴. The reducedB(M1, 1/2→3/2) probability was derived to be (3.9 ±1.2) × 10^?3 (e?/2Mc)². The natural widths of theN-subshell conversion lines in mercury were found to beΓ(N ₁)=8.3± 1.5,Γ(N ₂) =5.8±1.5 and Γ(N ₃) =6.5±1.0 eV. Monte Carlo calculations of electron scattering in matter yielded the conversion line shapes in qualitative agreement with the experiment.     

N = 4 Yang-Mills theory in terms of N = 3 and N = 2 light-cone superfields

The N = 4 Yang-Mills theory is truncated to an N = 3 Yang-Mills theory and to an N = 2 Yang-Mills theory coupled to an N = 2 Wess-Zumino field. The whole procedure is performed in the light-cone gauge. It is then shown that these theories are unique even if we only insist on N = 3 or N = 2 supersymmetry respectively. Finally we show in detail how the introduction of the fermionic Wess-Zumino field renders the one-loop self-energy finite.     

Current-voltage dependencies of heterogeneous semiconductor systems

Computed current-voltage (J–V) dependencies of heterogeneous (powder) semiconductor systems reveal an anomalous dependence between the constant-voltage current J and the uncompensated donor (acceptor) concentration N. Over a range of N(N₁ < n < N₂) of approximately one decade, J decreases by as much as four decades with increasing N. For N > N₂, the grain Schottky barrier thickness d is less than the grain half-width l/2, the grain surface potential V_s is almost independent of N and the J–V dependence is superlinear. For N₁ < N < N₂, d > l/2, V_s decreases linearly with N, J increases strongly with decreasing N and the J–V dependence is superlinear. For N < N₁, d > l/2. V_s ? V_th ( = kT/q) and J ∝ NV. The phenomenon is used to account for some observed J–V dependencies with column II-chalcogenide and ZnO powder semiconductor systems (electro-optic displays, electrophotographic receptors and heterogeneous catalysts).     

N = 1 superspace formulation of N = 2 and N = 4 super-Yang-Mills models with central charge

The component models of N = 2 and N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories of Sohnius, Stelle and West are reformulated in terms of N = 1 superfields. The non-supersymmetric constraints are supersymmetrized generalizing the linear multiplet in the presence of the non-abelian gauge superfield and (in the N = 4 case) a doublet of chiral superfields. The extended supersymmetry transformations preserving constraints are explicitly given in terms of N = 1 superfields. We are able to introduce the constraints back into the lagrangian using superfield Lagrange multipliers. The on-shell equivalence of this formulation with the formulation of Fayet with one (for N = 2) and three (for N = 4) chiral superfields is shown. The abelian N = 2 model is worked out to show the connection between full superspace treatment and the N = 1 superfield formulation.     

N Law for bosons in 2D

A rigorous upper bound is derived for the exact ground-state energy of N negative charged bosons and N motionless, i.e. fixed, positive charges with Coulomb interactions in 2D for arbitrary N ? 4 giving rise to an N²-upper bound. The consistency of such an N² behaviour is also investigated by examining a lower bound to the ground-state energy.     

The relaxed hypermultiplet: An unconstrained N = 2 superfield theory

We present an off-shell version of the hypermultiplet, without a central charge or gauge antisymmetric tensors. We give the unconstrained superfield form of the action and its coupling to N = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory. This allows an N = 2 superspace formulation of the N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory, whose ultraviolet finiteness is then ensured by N = 2 non-renormalization theorems.     

AdS superalgebras with brane charges

We consider the inclusion of brane charges in AdS₅ superalgebras that contain the maximal central extension of the super-Poincaré algebra on ∂AdS₅. For theories with N supersymmetries on the boundary, the maximal extension is OSp(1/8N,R), which contains the group Sp(8N,R)⊃U(2N,2N)⊃SU(2,2)×U(N) as extension of the conformal group. An “intermediate” extension to U(2N,2N/1) is also discussed, as well as the inclusion of brane charges in AdS₇ and AdS₄ superalgebras. BPS conditions in the presence of brane charges are studied in some details.     

A genuine 3N-qubit entanglement and controlled teleportation

A genuine 3N-qubit entanglement is derived based on N GHZ trios and controlled teleportation. The state is a complementarity to the genuine 2N-qubit entangled state constructed with N Bell states by Yeo-Chua for N = 2 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060502 (2006)] and by Chen-Zhu-Guo for any N [Phys. Rev. A 74, 032324 (2006)]. By means of the measures proposed in Phys. Rev. A 74, 022314 (2006), the entanglement of the constructed state is quantified and classified with the well-known GHZ, W and Chen-Zhu-Guo's 2N-qubit entangled state.     

Transition from strong to weak coupling in SU(N) lattice gauge theories

A possible explanation is proposed for the crossover from strong to weak coupling region in SU(N) lattice gauge theories. We predict the pointswhere the crossover takes place for all SU(N)M: For example, g² ≈ 2.0 for SU(2), g² ≈ 1.0 for SU(3) and lim_N→∞Ng²(SU(N) ≈ 2.0.     

Quartic ghost interactions of O(N) supergravity

The quartic ghost couplings of O(N) (N ? 8) supergravity are obtained to order κ². These additional interactions which are necessary for unitarity are formally the same for all N. This pattern may be useful in the search for auxilliary fields of O(N > 2) supergravity.     

Seiberg-Witten geometry with various matter contents

We obtain the Seiberg-Witten geometry for four-dimensional N = 2 gauge theory with gauge group SO(2N_c) (N_c ⩽ 5) with massive spinor and vector hypermultiplets by considering the gauge symmetry breaking in the N = 2 E₆ theory with massive fundamental hypermultiplets. In a similar way the Seiberg-Witten geometry is determined for N = 2 SU(N_c) (N_c ⩽ 6) gauge theory with massive antisymmetric and fundamental hypermultiplets. Whenever possible we compare our results expressed in the form of ALE fibrations with those obtained by geometric engineering and brane dynamics, and find a remarkable agreement. We also show that these results are reproduced by using N = 1 confining phase superpotentials.     

Calculation of gauge couplings and compact circumferences from self-consistent dimensional reduction

We consider a system of gravity plus free massless matter fields in 4 + N dimensions, and look for solutions in which N dimensions form a compact curved manifold, with the energy-momentum tensor responsible for the curvature produced by quantum fluctuations in the matter fields. For manifolds of sufficient symmetry (including spheres, CP^N, and manifolds of simple Lie groups) the metric depends on only a single multiplicative parameter ?², and the field equations reduce to an algebraic equation for ?, involving the potential of the matter fields in the metric of the manifold. With a large number of species of matter fields, the manifold will be larger than the Planck length, and the potential can be calculated using just one-loop graphs. In odd dimensions these are finite, and give a potential of form C_N/?⁴. Also there are induced Yang-Mills and Einstein-Hilbert terms in the effective 4-dimensional action, proportional to additional numerical coefficients, D_N and E_N. General formulas are given for the gauge coupling g² in terms of C_N and D_N, and the ratio ?²/8πG in terms of C_N and E_N. Numerical values for C_N, D_N, and E_N are obtained for scalar and spinor fields on spheres of odd dimensionality N. It is found that the potential, g² and ?²/8πG can all be positive but only when the compact manifold has N = 3 + 4 k dimensions. (The positivity of the potential is needed for stability of the sphere against uniform dilations or contractions). In this case, solutions exist either for spinor fields alone or for suitable mixes of spinor and scalar fields provided the ratio of the number of scalar fields to the number of fermion fields is not too large. Numerical values of the O(N + 1) gauge couplings and 8φG/?² are calculated for illustrative values of the numbers of spinor fields. It turns out that large numbers of matter fields are needed to make these parameters reasonably small.     

Pair condensates produced in bosenovae

The fraction of residual particles N^′ in ⁸⁵Rb bosenovae is observed to satisfy N/2?N^′<N, where N/2 appears to be a strict lower bound. Here, we point out that Bose-Einstein condensates of particles of integer spin possess an ambiguity to a constituency of pairs. We explain the lower bound N/2 by the formation of pairs produced in collapse. Pair formation reduced the critical temperature by a factor of about three, sufficient for an instability to produce a prompt explosion. We propose a recount following forced pair dissociation upon exposure to an X-ray flash.     

High-probability quantum state transfer among nodes of an open XXZ spin chain

This Letter concerns the problem of the high probability state transfer among s² symmetrically placed nodes of the N-node chain of spins 1/2 with the XXZ Hamiltonian. We consider examples with (N,s)=(4,4), (N,s)=(6,4) and (N,s)=(8,8).     

N=2 boundary supersymmetry in integrable models and perturbed boundary conformal field theory

Boundary integrable models with N=2 supersymmetry are considered. For the simplest boundary N=2 superconformal minimal model with a Chebyshev bulk perturbation we show explicitly how fermionic boundary degrees of freedom arise naturally in the boundary perturbation in order to maintain integrability and N=2 supersymmetry. A new boundary reflection matrix is obtained for this model and N=2 boundary superalgebra is studied. A factorized scattering theory is proposed for a N=2 supersymmetric extension of the boundary sine-Gordon model with either (i) fermionic or (ii) bosonic and fermionic boundary degrees of freedom. Exact results are obtained for some quantum impurity problems: the boundary scaling Lee–Yang model, a massive deformation of the anisotropic Kondo model at the filling values g=2/(2n+3) and the boundary Ashkin–Teller model.     

Electro-optical properties of poly(2-ethynyl-N-hexylpyridinium bromide) and poly(2-ethynyl-N-hexylpyridinium iodide)

Poly(2-ethynyl-N-hexylpyridinium bromide) and poly(2-ethynyl-N-hexylpyridinium iodide) were synthesized by the direct polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine and the corresponding n-hexyl halides without any additional initiator or catalyst under mild reaction condition. The polymerization proceeded well to give high yield of polymer. The polymer structures were characterized to have the conjugated polymer backbone system having N-hexylpyridyl moieties. The photoluminescence spectra of poly(2-ethynyl-N-hexylpyridinium bromide) and poly(2-ethynyl-N-hexylpyridinium iodide) showed that the photoluminescence peaks are located at 603 and 611 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.06 and 2.03 eV, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the resulting polymers were also measured and discussed.     

Two mutually-repelling self-avoiding walks: A Monte Carlo study

We consider two self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on a square lattice, beginning simultaneously from two arbitrary nearest neighbours. The walks cross neither themselves nor each other, and grow simultaneously. Using Monte Carlo technique we study the variation, with the length N of the walks, of the average end-to-end distance 〈R_N〉 of each walk and of their average separation 〈S_N〉. We find 〈R_N²〉∞N^2ν, 〈S_N²〉∞N^2λ, where ν ≈ λ ≈ 0.75 for two ordinary SAWs and ν ≈ λ ≈ 0.67 for two growing SAWs in two dimensions. For two directed SAWs, we find 〈R_N∥/⊥²〉 ∞ N^2ν∥/⊥ and 〈S_N∥/⊥² 〉 ∞ N^2λ_∥/⊥, where ν_∥ ≈ 1.00, ν_⊥ ≈ 0.56, λ_∥ ≈ 0.50 and λ_⊥ ≈ 0.59 in two dimensions. We thus find an indirect excluded volume effect on one directed SAW, due to the other.