Meso-四-（4-磺基苯基）卟啉钴/过硫酸钠-过氧化氢催化氧化降解农药敌敌畏

研究了CoTPPS4/Na2S2O8-H2O2体系(CoTPPS4:meso-四-（4-磺基苯基）卟啉钴)对农药敌敌畏(DDVP)催化氧化降解效果,探讨了氧化剂种类及比例、催化剂用量、农药初始浓度、pH值及反应温度等因素对催化降解速度的影响,并在优化条件下对降解反应的动力学进行了考察。结果表明,随着催化剂用量增加、初始农药浓度的降低、pH值升高(pH值为5～9)和温度的上升,DDVP降解速率增加。室温时,在pH=9缓冲溶液中,农药初始浓度为1.015×10-4 mol/L、CoTPPS4加入量为2.4×10-3 g时,5 mL 0.050 mol/L Na2S2O8-H2O2（体积比4∶1）混合氧化剂存在条件下,7 h后DDVP农药降解率可达72.8%,反应速率常数为0.190 h-1。降解反应动力学研究表明,CoTPPS4催化混合氧化剂降解DDVP农药为表观一级反应,反应表观活化能Ea为5.052 kJ/mol。     

Fe~(2+)活化过硫酸钠降解日落黄的研究

通过Fe~(2+)活化Na_2S_2O_8产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基,利用硫酸根自由基氧化降解有机污染物。以日落黄为降解目标物,通过研究有无Fe~(2+)、Na_2S_2O_8对日落黄降解率的影响,来探讨Fe~(2+)活化Na_2S_2O_8降解日落黄的可行性,并采用叔丁醇和甲醇抑制剂的方法探究了降解日落黄的作用机理。重点考察了Fe~(2+)初始浓度、Na_2S_2O_8初始浓度、柠檬酸浓度以及pH值对Fe~(2+)活化Na_2S_2O_8降解日落黄的影响。实验结果表明:在Fe~(2+)-Na_2S_2O_8体系中,日落黄初始质量浓度为30 mg/L、Fe~(2+)摩尔浓度为1.0 mmol/L、Na_2S_2O_8摩尔浓度为2.0 mmol/L、柠檬酸摩尔浓度为1.0 mmol/L、pH值为3.0的条件下,反应时间为60 min时日落黄降解率可达95.37%。     

TiO2催化超声降解亚甲基蓝溶液

采用高温活化处理过的普通锐钛型TiO2为催化剂,研究了各种因素对亚甲基蓝超声降解反应的影响.结果表明:在普通锐钛型TiO2作用下,亚甲基蓝的超声降解效果明显优于单纯超声降解.降解动力学符合一级反应.在超声波频率 40kHz,输出功率 50W,催化剂用量 1. 0g/L,pH为 5. 16, 40℃,亚甲基蓝水溶液初始浓度 5mg/L的条件下, 120min左右降解率即可达到 80 %以上.     

光催化甲胺磷降解效率和降解机理的研究

本文以自制的纳米TiO2为光催化剂,研究了光催化条件(溶液pH值、催化剂浓度及甲胺磷浓度)对甲胺磷在水中降解率的影响。结果表明:通过优化催化条件,可以大大提高甲胺磷的降解率。在甲胺磷浓度为20 mg/L,反应液起始pH为10.00,催化剂用量为0.5 g/L,光照时间为3 h的条件下,甲胺磷的降解效率可达到71.8%。通过化学计算模拟了甲胺磷的分子构型,并结合离子色谱的检测结果初步探讨了甲胺磷光催化降解的反应机理。     

超声强化Keggin型Fe-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐降解染料废水

合成了Fe-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐催化剂,并利用红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对制得的产物进行了表征,研究了Fe-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐超声降解模拟酸性绿B(AGB)染料废水的效果.结果表明,合成的杂多酸盐具有Keggin型结构,催化剂的投加量、染料的初始浓度及初始pH值、超声频率及超声时间都对降解效果产生一定的影响.当染料浓度为10mg/L,催化剂的投加量为0.6g/L时,在pH为5.0的条件下,用40kHz超声辐射60min,降解率最高可达93.18%.通过动力学分析:降解反应符合一级反应动力学模型,速率常数随初始浓度的增加而减小.     

聚乙烯醇固定化的微球菌AD3对除草剂阿特拉津的生物降解

从农药厂的工业废水和污泥的混合物中分离到高效降解除草剂阿特拉津的藤黄微球菌(Micrococcusluteus)AD3菌株。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋材料进行AD3菌株的固定化,对影响固定化细胞降解阿特拉津的因素(如阿特拉津浓度、温度、pH)和操作稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,在最适条件下(30℃、pH7.2、阿特拉津浓度500mg/L)固定化细胞的阿特拉津降解速度明显高于游离细胞。固定化细胞在低温、低pH和高阿特拉津浓度条件下的阿特拉津降解率,以及贮存和操作稳定性,也明显好于游离细胞。固定化细胞在15℃、pH7.2、阿特拉津浓度为500mg/L的条件下培养72h以后,阿特拉津降解率为90%,在相同条件下游离细胞的降解率仅为35%。固定化细胞在pH5.0、30℃、阿特拉津浓度为500mg/L的条件下培养72h以后,降解率为96%,在相同条件下游离细胞的降解率仅为40%。固定化细胞能够快速降解1000mg/L的阿特拉津,而游离细胞则不能。稳定性实验表明,固定化细胞重复使用30次以后其降解活力没有明显降低。     

超声协同TiO_2光催化脱除燃料油中有机硫的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂,引入超声作用,以空气中的氧气为氧化剂,正辛烷为模拟油品对燃料油中硫化物的脱除进行了研究。考察了光照强度、催化剂用量、反应时间、二苯并噻吩(DBT)初始浓度、超声功率等因素对TiO2光催化二苯并噻吩溶液降解效率的影响。结果表明,引入超声后DBT的降解率提高了10%左右,并在TiO2用量为2 g/L,通气量为800 mL/min,光照距离20 cm,DBT初始浓度为600 mg/L,反应时间为150 min,超声功率为500 W的条件下,DBT降解率达到了72.6%。     

纳米铁粉降解水中三硝基甲苯的条件优化与降解机理

研究了纳米铁粉降解水中三硝基甲苯(TNT)的影响因素;利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和紫外光谱分析了其降解机理.结果表明:将初始浓度为80.0mg/L、pH为4.00的TNT水溶液与5.0g/L的纳米铁粉在转速200r/min、温度40℃的振荡器中反应3h,水中TNT的浓度可降至0.1mg/L以下,降解率达到99%以上;就TNT的降解机理而言,其降解过程是纳米铁粉给出电子被氧化、TNT分子中的硝基接受电子被还原的过程.     

Keggin型Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐的合成、表征及催化超声降解性能

采用水热合成法制备了Keggin型结构的Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐,并利用红外光谱（IR）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对合成的产物进行了表征。以酸性绿B（AGB）为目标物,研究了在超声波辐射下,Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐的投加量、染料废水初始浓度、pH值等因素对降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：新合成的杂多酸盐具有Keggin型结构,当催化剂的投加量为0.8 g/L,染料废水的初始浓度为10 mg/L,初始pH=5时,用 40 kHz超声频率辐射60 min,染料废水的降解率最高可达90.2%。通过动力学分析,降级反应符合一级反应动力学模型,降解速率随初始浓度的增加而减小。     

SnO_2@PW_(12)的制备及对废水中亚甲基蓝的降解

采用简单浸渍法制备了SnO2@PW12催化材料,通过XRD和TEM对其结构进行了表征,研究了该催化材料对有机染料亚甲基蓝降解的催化活性。讨论了催化剂投加量、亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度、酸度等对催化降解效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液酸度为pH=4,催化剂用量为50mg/L,浓度为5mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液在30W的紫外灯下照射40min脱色率可达89.72%。SnO2@PW12光催化降解亚甲基蓝为一级动力学反应。     

Biodegradation of Dichloromethane Along with Other VOCs from Pharmaceutical Wastewater

The present study dealt with the interaction of dichloromethane (DCM) with other non-chlorinated organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, toluene, and benzene, which are commonly present in the pharmaceutical wastewater, during biodegradation by mixed bacterial consortium. Non-chlorinated solvents were easily degradable even at an initial concentration of 1,000 mg/L, whereas only 20 mg/L of DCM was degraded when used as sole carbon source. The Monod Inhibition model appears to simulate the single pollutant biodegradation kinetics satisfactorily. In dual substrate systems, low concentrations (100 mg/L) of non-chlorinated solvents did not interfere with the DCM degradation. Non-interaction sum kinetics model was able to simulate the experimental results well in this case. However, high concentrations of non-chlorinated solvents (1,000 mg/L) affected the DCM degradation significantly. There was severe competition between the chlorinated and the non-chlorinated solvents. In this case, competitive inhibition model predicted the experimental results better compared to co-metabolism model. In multiple substrate system also, presence of DCM prolonged the degradation of the other non-chlorinated solvents. However, the presence of non-chlorinated compounds accelerated the degradation of DCM. The results of the present study may be helpful in optimal design of biological systems treating mixed pollutants.     

非水相中微生物脂肪酶催化转酯化拆分(R,S)-α-苯乙醇

研究了非水有机溶剂体系中脂肪酶不对称转酯化拆分(R,S)-α-苯乙醇反应,比较了15种不同微生物来源的脂肪酶,从中优选出催化活性及对映选择性较高的脂肪酶Lipase PS,系统考察了影响该酶催化不对称转酯化反应的关键因素,获得了优化的催化拆分工艺条件.结果表明,脂肪酶Lipase PS在非水反应体系中,以正己烷为反应介...     

低温等离子体处理化工恶臭污染物硫化氢的研究

采用电晕放电低温等离子体处理模拟硫化氢恶臭气体,考察了输入功率、初始浓度、气体湿度、停留时间等因素对降解效果和能量效率的影响,同时对反应过程进行了动力学研究。研究表明：输入功率以及停留时间对硫化氢降解的影响是积极的,但能量效率随着两者的增加先增大后减小。硫化氢的降解率随着初始浓度的增加而降低,而能量效率随着初始浓度的增加而增加。在气体湿度增加初期,硫化氢降解率和能量效率均随着气体湿度的增加而增加,当气体湿度为50%时达到最大值,然而随着气体湿度的进一步增加,其降解率和能量效率反而降低。对电晕放电低温等离子体处理硫化氢的反应动力学进行了分析,得到硫化氢的反应速率常数为kH2S=0.356 8 m3/（W·h）。     

生物燃料电池处理生活污水同步产电特性研究

以某生活污水处理厂缺氧池活性污泥为接种体,以葡萄糖为模拟生活废水,构建双室型微生物燃料电池。利用微生物燃料电池(MFC,Microbial fuel cell)实现生活废水降解与同步产电。研究基质降解动力学及温度对MFC电极过程动力学的影响,明确微生物电化学活性、阳极传荷阻抗、阳极电势、电池产能之间的关系,考察库伦效率及COD去除率。研究结果表明,电池功率输出与基质浓度关系遵循莫顿动力学方程:P=Pmaxc/(ks+c),其中,半饱和常数ks为138.5 mg/L,最大功率密度Pmax为320.2 mW/m2。葡萄糖浓度较小时,反应遵循一级动力学规律:-dcA/dt=kcA,k=0.262 h-1。操作温度从20℃提高到35℃,生物膜电化学活性不断提高,传荷阻抗从361.2Ω减小到36.2Ω,阳极电极电势不断降低,同时,峰值功率密度从80.6 mW/m2提高到183.3 mW/m2。45℃时,产电菌活性降低,峰值功率密度减小到36.8 mW/m2。葡萄糖浓度为1 500 mg/L,温度为35℃时,MFC电化学性能最佳,稳定运行6 h后库伦效率为44.6%,COD去除率为49.2%。     

Environmental influences on diethyl phthalate biodegradation kinetics

The effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen level, and diethyl phthalate (DEP) concentration on the rates of DEP biodegradation have been investigated in shake flask and fermenter experiments, using aerobic and facultatively aerobic microorganisms. The aerobic strain followed Monod growth kinetics, and was negatively affected by temperatures lower than 25 °C and dissolved oxygen levels lower than 0.8 mg/L, whereas the specific DEP-degrading activity of the facultative strain was substrate inhibited under anaerobic conditions, higher at 15°C than 25°C under aerobic conditions, and unaffected by the dissolved oxygen level. Studies were also carried out in soil columns to identify additional factors that might be important for modeling DEP biodegradation.     

氨基化中空SiO2杂多化合物复合型催化剂的合成、表征及催化燃油深度脱硫性能

采用分散聚合法制得中空SiO₂微粒,将其氨基化后负载磷钨酸（HPW）,最终制得氨基化中空SiO₂磷钨酸复合型催化剂（NH₄PW-SiO₂）,并对催化剂进行了N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-OES）表征. 考察了以NH₄PW-SiO₂为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,乙腈为萃取剂的催化氧化萃取燃油深度脱硫性能. 探讨了催化剂用量、氧硫比、催化剂与氧化剂预接触时间、反应温度和初始硫含量对脱硫效果的影响. 结果表明,在催化剂用量为模拟油品质量的1.0%,氧硫摩尔比为15,催化剂与过氧化氢预接触4 min,反应温度为60 ℃,初始硫含量为350 mg/L的条件下,反应180 min时硫含量已降至2.45 mg/L,脱硫率达99.3%. 催化氧化萃取时的脱硫率比单纯萃取时的脱硫率高45.1%. 此外,催化剂用于真实汽油及柴油的催化氧化脱硫也得到了很好的脱硫效果,且催化剂重复使用5次后,脱硫效率未见明显降低.     

光控生物不对称还原苯乙酮的研究

本文以类球红杆菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)为生物催化剂, 将苯乙酮催化还原成具有光学活性的手性醇. 研究了反应条件对该反应的影响.     

Reduction of an azo dye acid black 24 solution using synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron particles

The strong color and high total organic carbon (TOC) of laboratory-synthesized azo dye, C.I. Acid Black 24 (AB24), solution was substantially reduced with particles of chemically synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) under varied conditions of experimental variables such as NZVI dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH. From the results, the synthesized NZVI particles can effectively remove color and TOC of AB24 dye solution under certain conditions. The best removal efficiencies for color and TOC were obtained as 98.9 and 53.8%, respectively, with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L(-1) and an NZVI dosage of 0.3348 g L(-1). Additionally, the removal rates followed an empirical rate equation with respect to the initial dye concentration as well as the NZVI dosage. The NZVI dosage addition exponentially increments the removal efficiency, with observed empirical reaction rate constants (k) of 0.046-0.603 min(-1) for added NZVI of 0.0335-0.3348 g L(-1). Moreover, the largest unit removal capacity was 609.4 mg of AB24 uptake for each gram of NZVI (i.e., 609.4 mg AB24/g NZVI). Ultimately, the ideal operation conditions were 0.1674-0.3348 g L(-1) of NZVI dosage, 15-30 min of reaction time, and pH 4-9 for 25-100 mg L(-1) of initial dye concentration.     

Efficient Synthesis of （S）-1-（2-chlorophenyl）ethanol in the Submerged Culture of Alternaria alternata Isolate

(S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol is a key intermediate of L-cloprenaline used for relieving asthma symptoms. The asymmetric reduction of 2-chloroacetophenone 1 to (S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol 2 in the submerged culture of Alternaria alternata isolates was studied. A. alternata EBK-8 isolate was the most effective biocatalyst. The bioactivity of the fungus could be significantly improved by the optimization of culture conditions. Parameters such as pH, temperature, agitation, and incubation time considerably influenced the substrate conversion and the optical purity of the product. The reaction was carried out in a culture medium at a substrate concentration of 30 mmol/L and produced the desired product with high conversion (100%) and isolated yield (80%) with an excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) of >99%. Under the optimum conditions, after 54 h reaction time, 24 mmol/L 2 from 30 mmol/L 1 could be produced. As a result, the submerged fermentation of A. alternata EBK-8 was found to be suitable for the asymmetric reduction of 1 to 2.     

GC–MS法测定白酒中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯

采用正己烷提取白酒中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),建立了气相色谱–质谱法测定白酒中DBP,DEHP残留量的检测方法。对氮吹、水浴、盐析和直接提取4种方法的提取效率进行考察,选择氮吹法处理样品。在0.20~20 mg/L范围内DBP,DEHP的质量浓度分别与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.999 3,0.999 8。方法的定量限(S/N=10)为0.04 mg/kg,加标回收率在82.0%~92.5%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.91%~4.83%(n=6)。该方法适合白酒中DBP,DEHP残留量的日常检测。