四硅氧烷Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

以三甲基氯硅烷、 γ-氯丙基三氯硅烷、 1,4-二氯丁烷和咪唑等为原料合成了一种新型的四硅氧烷Gemini咪唑表面活性剂([Si₄-4-Si₄im]Cl₂), 通过质谱(MS)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)证明所得产物为目标产物. 通过Wilhelmy板法测得其在25 ℃下的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为0.54 mmol/L, 水溶液的表面张力(γ_cmc)降至18.6 mN/m. 通过电导率法研究了其胶束形成热力学参数(Δ\begin{array}{c}{G}_m^{0—}\end{array},Δ\begin{array}{c}{H}_m^{0—}\end{array}和Δ\begin{array}{c}{S}_m^{0—}\end{array}), 表明在15~35 ℃下其胶束化过程是自发进行的, 且为熵驱动过程.     

新型三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成与界面性能

低聚乙二醇单甲醚和环氧氯丙烷在相转移催化剂(P.T.C)存在下合成出低聚乙二醇甲醚缩水甘油醚, 然后与氨丙基三硅氧烷进行开环反应, 合成出了新型的三硅氧烷表面活性剂Me₃SiOSiMeROSiMe₃ [R＝(CH₂)₃N(CH₂CH(OH)CH₂- (OCH₂CH₂)_xOCH₃)₂, x＝1, 2]. 通过¹H NMR确证了这些目标产物的结构, 并且通过测定其水溶液的平衡表面张力研究了其表面活性. 在浓度约为10^－4 mol•L^－1时可以将水的表面张力降低至约21～22 mN•m^－1.     

阴离子型三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成及其性能

在铂催化下,1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)和端烯丙基聚醚(APE)经硅氢加成反应先制得端羟基聚醚三硅氧烷(HPETS),再将其与马来酸酐(MA)进行开环反应合成出一种羧酸型阴离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂(ATSS)。 用IR对ATSS的结构进行了表征,并对ATSS的界面性能及在农药中的应用性能进行了测定。 结果表明,ATSS具有优良的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.3 g/L,临界胶束浓度时的表面张力(γcmc)为24.5 mN/m。 在2.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂、36%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂各1 000倍稀释液中分别添加质量分数为0.10%的ATSS后,可使3种农药稀释液的表面张力由31.92、55.20和39.66 mN/m分别降低至24.92、25.47和27.13 mN/m;使3种农药稀释液接触野菠菜的瞬间接触角由62.5°、68.0°和57.0°分别降低至37.0°、39.0°和40.5°。     

新型Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

以2,2-双(溴甲基)-1,3-丙二醇为连接基合成了新型的连接基为枝状的Gemini咪唑表面活性剂2,4-二(溴化-3-烷基咪唑)-1,3-丙二醇([Cn-P-Cnim]Br2,n=10,12,14).产物经核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、红外(IR)光谱和元素分析等进行了分析,证明所得产物即为目标产物.通过表面张力法和电导法测量其表面活性并计算胶束形成热力学参数(ΔG m—0,ΔH m—0,ΔS m—0).结果表明,25℃时3种表面活性剂均具有很高的表面活性,胶束的形成是自发的熵驱动过程.     

光敏型阴离子表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

本文制备了一种含有偶氮苯基团的阴离子表面活性剂,其表面活性及对方解石矿物的润湿性能,可以用紫外光照射进行调控。在紫外光照射后,表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γcmc)、分子极限占有面积(Amin)增大,饱和吸附量(Гmax)和降低表面张力的效率(pC20)降低,对方解石的润湿能力增强。     

卤化钠对一种新型阳离子表面活性剂动态表面张力的影响

The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension （DST） of the novel cationic surfactant, 3-（p-nonylphenoxy）-2-hydroxylpropyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, abbreviated as RTAB, were studied. The effect of sodium halide such as NaCl, NaBr and NaI on the DST behavior of the RTAB solution below its CMC was studied in detail. Due to the preferential adsorption, the effect of hydration and salting out, the ability to reduce the DST values at the same concentration was in the order of NaI〉NaBr〉NaCl. Attributed to its high surface activity, the equilibrium time of the DST of the surfactant solution was insensitive to the ionic strength.     

新型含氟系列阳离子表面活性剂的合成

以六氟丙烯二聚体和N,N-二甲基丙二胺为原料,合成N,N-二甲基-N’-(2-三氟甲基-1-五氟乙基)全氟丙烯基丙二胺（I）,通过正交实验确定了I的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为35℃,反应时间为为8h,六氟丙烯二聚体与N,N-二甲基丙二胺的摩尔比为1:1.0,并通过IR、NMR光谱分析方法对I的结构进行确定;然后利用I分别与溴乙烷、溴代正丙烷、溴代正丁烷、溴代正己烷、溴代正辛烷和溴代正十二烷等烷基化试剂反应合成了一系列季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂,并对其结构进行了表征;结果表明,所得阳离子型含氟表面活性剂具有极低的表面张力：17.8、22.9、23.8、21.5、25.和28.1mN/m;临界胶束浓度：2.03、1.98、1.93、1.83、1.74和1.58mmol/L;且其Kraff点均低于0℃,显示了优良的水溶稳定性能。     

新型三硅氧烷表面活性剂在低能表面的铺展机理

为了了解三硅氧烷类表面活性剂在低能表面上的铺展机理, 实验研究了5种新型葡糖酰胺类三硅氧烷在石蜡表面铺展行为与时间以及浓度的关系. 结果显示: 在大多数情况下, 葡糖酰胺类三硅氧烷在石蜡表面的铺展是由三相线处非平衡毛细作用力导致, 在高浓度的I, II体系中, 表面张力梯度参与驱动液滴的铺展. 此外, 研究发现表面活性剂的HLB值以及分子体积明显影响其铺展能力, 具有适当HLB值的II在石蜡表面显示了一定的超铺展行为, 并在各浓度下均表现出最佳铺展性能.     

系列阳离子双子表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性的研究

合成了一系列新型的阳离子双子表面活性剂二溴化-N,N'-二(二甲基烷基)乙二铵(12-2-m', m'＝4, 8, 12, 16), 初步研究了其水溶液的表面活性和电导率性质. 结果表明, 此类表面活性剂的表面活性与所含疏水尾基的碳数密切相关.     

三聚阳离子表面活性剂的合成

以甲胺盐酸盐和溴代烷为原料,通过季铵化反应合成了系列新型三聚阳离子表面活性剂12-n-12-n-12·3Br-(n=3,4,6),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征.     

Synthesis and Properties of Gluconamide-Based Trisiloxane Surfactant

A gluconamide-based trisiloxane surfactant (Si3N2-GA) was prepared via a two-step method. Structure characterization of the Si3N2-GA was performed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR). Surface activity and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution of the Si3N2-GA were investigated by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and negative-stained transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CAC) and surface tension (γ_CAC) at the cmc in aqueous solution of the Si3N2-GA are 3.77 × 10^?4 M and 20.5 mN · m^?1, respectively, and the surfactants can self-assemble into spherical vesicle with diameters in the range from 50 to 150 nm.     

新型含硅表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

含有双胺基的三硅氧烷中的伯胺基与D-葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯进行酰胺化,仲胺基与低聚乙二醇甲醚缩水甘油醚、二缩水甘油醚进行烷基化,制备了新型含硅表面活性剂Me₃SiOSiMeR¹OSiMe₃ [R¹=(CH₂)₃NR²(CH₂)₂NHCO(CHOH)₄CH₂OH; R²=H, CH₂CH(OH)CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)_xCH₃, x=1, 2, 3] (1a, 2a～2c)和(CH₂OCH₂)_y(Me₃SiOSiMeR³OSiMe₃)₂ [R³=(CH₂)₃NR⁴～(CH₂)₂NHCO(CHOH)₄CH₂OH; R⁴=CH₂CH(OH)CH₂OCH₂, y=0, 1, 2] (3a～3c).这些化合物的结构用¹H, ¹³C核磁共振仪和元素分析仪进行鉴定.研究了这些新型含硅表面活性剂的界面性能,在浓度分别为10^-4和10^-5 mol·L^-1时可以将水的表面张力降低至约21 mN·m^-1.     

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants, p-[C _n H_2n+1N⁺(CH₃)₂CH₂CH(OH)CH₂O]₂C₆H₄·2Cl^? [A(n = 12), B(n = 14) and C(n = 16)], containing a spacer group with two flexible and hydrophilic groups (2-hydroxy-1,3-propylene) on both sides of a rigid and hydrophobic group (1,4-dioxyphenylene) has been synthesized by the reaction of hydroquinone diglycidyl ether with N,N-dimethylalkylamine and N,N-dimethylalkylamine hydrochloride. Their surface-active properties have been investigated by surface tension measurement. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the synthesized cationic gemini surfactants are one order of magnitude lower than those of their corresponding monomeric surfactants (C _n H_2n + 1N⁺(CH₃)₃·Cl^?). Both the cmc and surface tension at the cmc (γ_cmc) of A are lower than those of p-[C₁₂H₂₅N⁺(CH₃)₂CH₂]₂C₆H₄·2Cl^? (D). The novel cationic gemini surfactants A and B also show good foaming properties.     

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cationic Triazolium Gemini Surfactants

New type of triazolium Gemini surfactants were synthesized by reaction of epichlorohydrine with long-chain fatty alcohols namely cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol furnishing product 2-(alkoxymethyl)oxirane followed by the their subsequent treatment with triazole resulting in the formation of 1-(1,2,4-triazole)-3-alokoxypropane-2-ol which on reaction with 1,6-dibromohexane resulted in the formation of triazolium-based cationic Gemini surfactant. Their formation was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Surface tension values were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), minimum area per molecule (A_min) at air?water interface, Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG_ads), the maximum surface excess concentration (Γ_max), and other parameters. The inhibition behavior of dimeric surfactant on the corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in 1 N H₂SO₄ aqueous medium was studied at 30°C. Performance tests like dispersion capability, foaming power and stability, emulsifying power, and wetting ability were determined. The obtained results show that dispersion capability, foaming power, foaming stability, and emulsifying ability are very good. The wetting power of synthesized surfactants is quite better.     

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cationic Maleic Diester Polymerizable Surfactants

The surfactants used in the emulsion polymerization can be thereafter the source of many problems for the application, such as adhesives and coatings. To overcome these negative aspects essentially related to their mobility in the final polymer, surfactants can be covalently linked to the particle surface through incorporation into the polymer chains. Recent years, polymerizable surfactants (surface active monomer or surfmer) are widely reported and used in the emulsion polymerization, many po…     

一种新型表面活性剂的表面活性的研究

采用表面张力法确定了新型表面活性剂3-对壬基苯氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化 铵的临界胶束浓度(cmc)，并考察了盐度、温度和pH值对其cmc的影响。结果表明， 此种表面活性剂的表面活性较高，盐度对其cmc影响最大，其次是pH值，温度对其 cmc的影响较为复杂。理论计算结果表明，采用热力学函数可较好地解释试验结果 。