二次微分简易示波伏安法用于大豆甙元及其衍生物清除超氧阴离子自由基的研究

用二次微分简易示波伏安法研究了大豆甙元及其衍生物3′-大豆甙元磺酸钠对邻苯三酚自氧化产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2^- .)的清除作用，并计算了两种抗氧化剂对O2^- .清除作用的IC50。试验结果表明，大豆甙元和3′-大豆甙元磺酸钠对O2^- .。均有一定的清除作用，清除能力3′-大豆甙元磺酸钠大于大豆甙元，其原因与3′-大豆甙元磺酸钠分子的共轭程度高和分子内氢键的形成有关。与检测自由基的其它方法相比，该方法用于某些化学反应检测有其独特的优越性。     

CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF SUPEROXIDE ANION RADICAL IN APROTIC SOLVENTS

Abstract— While superoxide anion radical does not normally react with olefins, it does react with activated double bonds. Thus O^-₂ oxidatively cleaves certain α,β-unsaturated ketones such as chalcones and tetracyclone and electron poor olefins such as 1,1-dicyano and 1,1-dinitro olefins. Similarly O^-₂ can react with substituted nitrobenzenes to yield the corresponding nitrophenols. EPR and oxygen labeling (KO³⁶₂) experiments confirm an electron transfer mechanism.     

LIGHT-DEPENDENT GENERATION OF SUPEROXIDE FROM HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

Using the cytochrome c reduction method, we investigated light-dependent erythrocytic superoxide production. After 4 h light and dark exposure of erythrocytes from eight healthy human subjects, an average of 18.6% more superoxide was generated by erythrocytes exposed to light. Pretreatment of erythrocytes with the superoxide dismutase inhibitor N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate increased detection of superoxide while pretreatment with the anion channel blocker 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene decreased detection. These findings indicate that substantially more spontaneously generated superoxide is produced and escapes from normal erythrocytes at ambient oxygen tensions on exposure to light. This excess generation and escape of superoxide from erythrocytes exposed to light may result in tissue photosensitization, especially in the retina of the eye, where high oxygen tension, blood and chronic light exposure occur simultaneously.     

EVIDENCE AGAINST THE PRODUCTION OF SUPEROXIDE BY PHOTOIRRADIATION OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE

Abstract Experiments were performed to ascertain whether superoxide anion (O₂⁻) was produced by the photodynamic activation of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Three different systems were utilized to detect formation of O₂⁻, oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome, reduction of cytochrome c and reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT). The effects on these detectors under identical conditions for HPD + h ν were compared to those obtained with two O₂⁻ generating systems, riboflavin + by and xanthine-xanthine oxidase, and to a singlet oxygen generating system, photoradiation of methylene blue. The results indicated that HPD + hv differed from the two O₂⁻ generating systems in failing to reduce cytochrome c or NET, and that HPD + h ν was similar to the behavior of methylene blue + h ν . In addition, HPD + h ν but not the O₂⁻ generating systems could inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. We conclude that the photodynamic activation of HPD does not produce O₂⁻ as a major oxygen radical and that the effects of HPD + h ν on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase are not caused by O₂⁻.     

THE REACTION BETWEEN SUPEROXIDE ANION AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Abstract— In order to obtain a better understanding of the kinetics of the Haber-Weiss reaction

often proposed as a source of OH radicals, we have measured the decomposition rate of H₂O₂ in aqueous solutions by y rays and for different pH values. This decomposition proceeds by a chain reaction involving the preceding one as the propagating step.
The rate constant found is to be
     

REACTIONS OF A PHOSPHORANIMINE ANION WITH SOME ORGANIC ELECTROPHILES

Abstract

The reactions of a variety of electrophiles with the N-silyl-P-trifluoroethoxyphosphoranimine anion Me₃Sin°P(Me)(OCH₂CF₃)CH^? ₂ (1a), prepared by the deprotonation of the dimethyl precursor Me₃SiN[dbnd]P(OCH₂CF₃)Me₂ (1) with n-BuLi in Et₂O at-78°C, were studied. Thus, treatment of 1a with alkyl halides, ethyl chloroformate, or bromine afforded the new N-silylphosphoranimine derivatives Me₃SiN[dbnd]P(Me)(OCH₂CF₃)CH₂R [2: R = Me, 3: R = CH₂Ph, 4: R = CH[sbnd]CH₂, 5: R = C(O)OEt, and 6: R = Br]. In another series, when 1a was allowed to react with various carbonyl compounds, 1,2-addition of the anion to the carbonyl group was observed. Quenching with Me₃SiCl gave the O-silylated products Me₃SiN[dbnd]P(Me)(OCH₂CF₃)CH₂°C(OSiMe₃)R¹R² [7: R ¹ = R ² = Me; 8: R ¹ = Me, R ² = Ph; 9: R¹ = Me, R ² = CH[sbnd]CH₂; and 10: R ¹ = H, R ² = Ph]. Compounds 2–10 were obtained as distillable, thermally stable liquids and were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P) and elemental analysis.     

PHOTODYNAMIC GENERATION OF HYDROXYL RADICALS BY HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE AND LIGHT

In a reaction mixture containing hematoporphyrin derivative, deoxyribose, Fe³⁺-EDTA and either methionine or tryptophan, hydroxyl radicals were formed during illumination with visible light. When either hematoporphyrin derivative, Fe³⁺-EDTA or the amino acid was omitted from the reaction mixture, the generation of hydroxyl radicals ceased. These observations suggest an iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction, involving superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the generation of hydroxyl radicals. It could be shown that with methionine H₂O₂ was indeed an essential intermediate in the reaction sequence. With tryptophan, however, H₂O₂, was not generated. Apparently a photooxidation product of tryptophan could replace H₂O₂ in the OH-generating reaction with Fe²⁺-EDTA. Although superoxide was generated in the reaction mixture, it was not an indispensable intermediate. Apparently a porphyrin radical, formed via photoexcitation of hematoporphyrin derivative, could replace superoxide in the Haber-Weiss reaction.     

一种耐高温聚噻吩膜的电化学合成

聚噻吩及其衍生物具有高的电导率、良好的环境稳定性以及易于调控的分子链结构,因此一直受到人们的广泛关注．但是,这类材料的耐温性能较差,从而将影响其在有机电子器件中的应用．     

ACTIVATED OXYGEN: SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN AND SUPEROXIDE ANION

Abstract— Elusive processes associated with molecular oxygen in chemical and biological systems are interpreted in terms of two activated oxygen species, singlet molecular oxygen (¹Σ⁺_g/¹Δ_g) and superoxide anion (X²π_g). The generation and deactivation of singlet oxygen by interaction with organic triplet states are discussed within a comprehensive theoretical framework. Experimental results indicate the anomalous molecular oxygen enhanced luminescence from organic chromophores in polymer matrices results from the deactivation of singlet (¹Δ_g) oxygen by energy transfer to electronically excited states of the chromophore, and three types of oxygen enhanced luminescence have been identified in these systems. Properties of the superoxide anion relevant to its solution chemistry are briefly discussed. Electron transfer theory is used to theoretically examine the generation of singlet oxygen in disproportionation reactions of the superoxide anion, predicting that, depending on the number of water molecules present, the disproportionation reaction is a proficient source of singlet oxygen. A competing quenching process imposes a limit to the steady state concentration of singlet oxygen in most chemical systems. Available experimental results on the quenching of singlet oxygen by superoxide anion are in good agreement with theoretical results obtained via application of electron transfer theory.     

含镍配合物阴离子的吲哚三碳菁合成及性能

本文合成三种含镍配合物阴离子的吲哚三碳菁染料,通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析确定其结构,同时研究了电子吸收光谱、溶解度及光稳定性。结果表明,镍配合物负离子引入,染料的稳定性有所改进,但在有机溶剂中溶解度下降。     

离子交换树脂法直接从卤水中制备溴化钠工艺研究

本文在考查了Ｂｒ２—Ｂｒ－—Ｃｌ－—Ｈ２Ｏ体系中强碱性阴离子交换树脂对氯、溴的分离效果基础上，设计出二次树脂交换法直接从卤水中提取溴化钠的工艺路线，并对工艺中各操作条件进行了试验，依此工艺，溴化钠产品纯度达９７％以上，溴的回收率为７６％。     

一类新型硼氢阴离子BnH-m的激光产生

硼烷是最典型也是迄今研究得最系统的非金属原子簇化合物.目前已知的硼烷有闭式、开式和网式三种典型的结构,其通式分别为B_nH_n~(2-)、B_nH_(n+4)、和B_nH_(n+6),对这些硼烷的结构研究极大地丰富了原子簇化学。最近,我们在自制的装置上以脉冲激光束作用于NaBH_4,产生了一类组成与结构均与已知硼烧不同的单电荷硼氢阴离子,记录了它们的飞行时间质谱。     

REACTION OF LITHIUM DERIVATIVE OF DIETHYL PHENYLMETHANE-PHOSPHONATE WITH KETONES

Abstract

The reaction of the lithium derivative of diethyl ester of phenylmethanephosphonic acid (1-Li) with alkanones, cycloalkanones, alkylaryl and diarylketones 2s-b is studied at -70°C in THF. The corresponding adducts-diethyl esters of l-phenyl-2,2-dialkyl(phenyl)-2-hydroxyethanephosphonic acids 3s-h are isolated, their yields being usually higher at short reaction time. The olefination of 3-Li as well as of 3 (both by thermolysis or in acidic media) proceeds in low degree, while in the case of 3-Na the yields of alkenes 4 are good. The relative configurations of 3b. 31 and 3g are determined by IR and NMR-spectra, as well as by their stereospecific olefination. “Threo”-stereoselectivity of the addition stage of the reaction of 1-Li with 2b, 21 and 2g is observed, the “threo”/“erythro” ratio remaining independent on the reaction time.     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OXIDATION OF NUCLEIC ACID COMPONENTS BY HYDROXYL RADICALS, SINGLET OXYGEN AND SUPEROXIDE ANION RADICALS

Abstract— Superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are individually or in combination involved in radiation or photochemical processes and in various enzymatic reactions. The reactivity and the mechanism of reaction of these oxygen species with some biologically significant DNA components were investigated through the characterization of the final oxidation products.
Superoxide radicals appear to be unreactive with purine and pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. However, the autoxidation reaction of 6-hydroxydopamine leads to extensive degradation of thymine through the intermediary of hydroxyl radicals. Chemically and microwave-discharge generated singlet oxygen oxidation is specific to 2'-deoxyguanosine. The main oxidized products of these reactions were also characterized as well as an as yet unidentified nucleoside in the methylene-blue photooxydation of 2-deoxyguanosine. These results, in addition to specific deuterium effect experiments, lend support to the involvment of singlet oxygen (type II mechanism) in the methylene-blue photosentization. No singlet oxygen effect was observed in aqueous irradiated system.     

REVERSIBLE PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF A 4',5'-DIHYDROPSORALEN DERIVATIVE WITH THYMINE

The photocycloaddition reaction between a 4′,5′-dihydropsoralen derivative and thymine was studied in solution using a synthetic bichromophoric model 8 in which the two rings are associated by a tetramethylene chain. In water this model molecule exhibits intramolecular ring-ring stacking interactions as evidenced by UV and NMR spectroscopies. Irradiation at 365 nm at usual concentrations ( 5.10^?-⁴M) leads exclusively to a regio- and stereo-selective dimerization reaction involving the 3,4 double bonds of the psoralen moities. Extreme dilutions (ca 2.10^?-⁵M) were necessary to observe the intramolecular reaction which results in the exclusive formation of a 3,4 cb-anti adduct. This reaction is completely reversed by irradiation at 254 nm. These results are discussed with regard to the behavior of the homologous models in which the furan part of the psoralen ring is not hydrogenated, These latter compounds also lead exclusively to a 3,4 cis-anti adduct. It appears that saturation of the furan ring increases strongly the quantum yield of the photaddition at 365 nm (0.01 → 0.18) and that the triplet excited state of the 4′,5′-dihydropsoralen is involved in the photoaddition.     

3-CARBETHOXYPYRANOCOUMARIN, A PHOTOREACTIVE DERIVATIVE OF XANTHYLETIN WITH INTERESTING PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Abstract— The photobiological activity of the newly synthesized pyranocoumarin derivative 3-carbethoxypyranocoumarin, so-called 3-carbethoxyhomopsoralen (3-CHPs) was studied in comparison to the known bifunctional furocoumarin 8-methoxypsoralen {8-MOP) and to the monofunctional furocoumarin 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) in the presence of 365 nm irradiation using two eukaryotic cell systems, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cultured normal human skin fibroblasts. 3-Carbethoxyhomopsoralen is shown to be a photobiologically active compound capable of effectively photoinducing cytoplasmic "petite" mutants (mitochondrial damage), nuclear reversions and mitotic gene conversion in the diploid yeast strain D₇. Per unit dose it is more effective than 8-MOP and 3-CPs for the induction of cytoplasmic "petite" mutants but less effective than 8-MOP for the induction of nuclear reversions and mitotic gene conversion. A very moderate effect on cell survival is accompanied by a relatively strong genetic activity per viable cell. In human fibroblasts 3-CHPs produces a stronger inhibition of DNA synthesis than 8-MOP and 3-CPs at low doses of 365 nm radiation. During post-treatment incubation human fibroblasts recovered more easily from DNA synthesis and growth inhibitions photoinduced by 3-CHPs than from those photoinduced by 8-MOP. The results are in accord with the notion that 3-CHPs is a highly photoreactive monofunctional compound inducing easily repairable lesions with a low lethal but significant mutagenic potential.     

In vitro PHOTOSENSITIZATION WITH A BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE

Biophysical and photobiological properties of two benzoporphyrin derivatives were examined. These dyes exhibit substantial absorbance in the red, and are potent photosensitizers in vitro. After brief (0.5 h) incubations, phototoxicity was more closely correlated with membrane than with mitochondrial photodamage. Affinity of these dyes toward plasma lipoproteins are consistent with a mode of localization via the LDL-mediated mechanism utilized by the hematoporphyrin-derived product, HPD.     

在水溶液中用原碲酸根阴离子稳定铽(Ⅳ)的研究

在镧系元素中,除铈以外镨和铽也可以以正四价氧化态存在这一事实早已为人们所熟知。     

血卟啉衍生物光照产生超氧化物阴离子自由基的一些观察

用氮蓝四唑(NBT)、细胞色素C还原及DMPO自旋捕集技术等三种方法分别在磷酸缓冲液、甲醇及二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,测定超氧化物阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)。并与核黄素光照及邻苯三酚自氧化等二种已知产生O₂^-·系统相比较。结果表明:血卟啉衍生物光敏反应原初过程O₂^-·产率很低,水及DMSO等溶剂对OT的测定均有影响。     

THE SUPEROXIDE ANION AS ELECTRON DONOR TO THE MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Abstract— In isolated respiratory multienzyme complexes of beef heart mitochondria the b -type cytochromes can be photoreduced in presence of flavin via the superoxide anion. O^-₂ does not reduce cytochrome c ₁. In an anaerobic system, FMNH₂ formed by irradiation with blue light in presence of EDTA reduces cytochromes b and c ₁ The possible implication of O^-₂ in the electron transfer from flavin/flavoprotein to cytochrome b in blue light-controlled biological processes is discussed.