Spectral broadening in Raman fiber lasers

We present an analytical theory based on wave kinetic equations that describes a Raman fiber laser (RFL) generation spectrum. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the quasi-degenerate four-wave mixing between different longitudinal modes is the main broadening mechanism in the one-stage RFL at high powers. The shape and power dependence of the intracavity Stokes wave spectrum are in excellent quantitative agreement with predictions of the theory.     

Numerical modelling of spectral,temporal and statistical properties of Raman fiber lasers

Efficient numerical modelling of the power, spectral and statistical properties of partially coherent quasi-CW Raman fiber laser radiation is presented. XPM between pump wave and generated Stokes wave is not important in the generation spectrum broadening and XPM term can be omitted in propagation equation what sufficiently speeds-up simulations. The time dynamics of Raman fiber laser (RFL) is stochastic exhibiting events several times more intense that the mean value on the ps timescale. However, the RFL has different statistical properties on different time scales. The probability density function of spectral power density is exponential for the generation modes located either in the spectrum centre or spectral wings while the phases are distributed uniformly. The pump wave preserves the initial Gaussian statistics during propagation in the laser cavity. Intense pulses in the pump wave are evolved under the SPM influence and are not disturbed by the dispersion. Contrarily, in the generated wave the dispersion plays a significant role that results in stochastic behavior.     

输出功率稳定的二级喇曼光纤激光器特性

提出一种输出功率稳定的二级喇曼光纤激光器,从理论分析角度探讨了它的特性.结果表明：由于在抽运光的二级斯托克斯光频附近的自发辐射光的钳制作用,激光器的一级和二级输出功率几乎都不受抽运功率波动的影响,从而降低了抽运光低频相对强度噪音转移|激光器输出的一级和二级斯托克斯光功率都很稳定,并且通过调节激光器结构中的可变衰减器,可以有效控制一级、二级激光的输出功率以及它们的比值.这些特性表明该喇曼光纤激光器很适合于作为喇曼光纤放大器的抽运源.     

Suppression of pump-to-Stokes relative intensity noise transfer in Raman fiber laser by injection of modulated signal

A feasible approach is theoretically demonstrated that suppresses the relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer from pump sources to the proposed Raman fiber laser (RFL) output at the first-order Stokes line. The technique is accomplished by injecting a modulated signal at second-order Stokes shift from the pump wavelength according to the monitored RFL output, which indirectly consumes the pump power fluctuations and results in suppression of the RIN transfer to the RFL output. With the RFL used as a pump source for co-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers, further calculation results show that the Q-factor penalty due to RIN transfer can be dramatically reduced.     

Output Characteristics of High-Power Continuous Wave Raman Fiber Laser at 1484 nm Using Phosphosilicate Fiber

A continuous wave (CW) high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL) with maximum output power of 2.24 W and slope efficiency of 32.8% at 1484 nm is obtained using a CW 8.4 W/ 1064 nm Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser as a pump, 700 m phosphosilicate fiber, and cascaded cavities with two pairs of fiber Bragg grating mirrors for the first and the second Stokes orders. Theoretical simulation of the RFL using a very efficient and rapidly converging collocation method is done to understand and optimize the fiber length to obtain maximum second Stokes power. RFL performance for the 300, 700 and 1150 m phosphosilicate fiber lengths was experimentally investigated by observing maximum output power, slope efficiency, threshold power, and full-width at half maximum at the second Stokes wavelength.     

内腔级联拉曼光纤激光器输出特性的实验研究

采用标准单模石英光纤作为拉曼增益介质，光纤布拉格光栅作为谐振腔镜，研制了一台内腔级联拉曼光纤激光器。利用掺Yb双包层光纤激光器作为抽运源，实现了二级拉曼转换，在波长1176.8nm获得了309mW的最大输出功率，斜率效率接近51.5％。在小抽运功率下，发现拉曼光纤激光器的输出中存在重复周期约为2.9μs的脉冲序列；当抽运功率大于某一值时，上述脉冲消失，获得了十分稳定的连续输出。     

Output Characteristics of High-Power Continuous Wave Raman Fiber Laser at 1239 nm Using Phosphosilicate Fiber

A high-power singlemode Raman fiber laser (RFL) with maximum output power of 4.11 W and maximum power conversion efficiency of 47.40% at 1239 nm is realized using continuous wave 8.4 W Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser as a pump, 700 m phosphosilicate fiber, and a Raman cavity formed by a pair of fiber Bragg grating mirrors at 1239 nm. The output characteristics of the RFL at 1239 nm for different fiber lengths and output mirror reflectance are reported. Theoretical simulation is done to numerically optimize for fiber length and output coupler reflectivity to obtain maximum first Stokes power.     

Highly efficient cascaded P-doped Raman fiber laser pumped by Nd:YVO4 solid-state laser

A highly efficient cascaded P-doped Raman fiber laser （RFL） pumped by a 1064-nm continuous wave （CW） Nd：YVO4 solid-state laser is reported. 1.15-W CW output power at 1484 nm is obtained while the input pump power is 4 W, corresponding to the power conversion efficiency of 28.8%. The threshold pump power for the second-order Stokes radiation is 1.13 W. The slope efficiency is as high as 42.6%. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical ones. Furthermore, the power instability of the P-doped RFL at 1484 nm in an hour is observed to be less than 5%.     

800 mW/1484 nm highly efficient two-cascaded phosphosilicate Raman fiber laser pumped by Nd:YVO4 solid-state laser

Using 1064 nm CW Nd:YVO₄ solid-state laser as a pump, 1-km phosphosilicate fiber and cascaded cavities with two pairs of fiber Bragg grating mirrors for 1239 and 1484 nm, we obtained a CW 800 mW/1484 nm Raman fiber laser (RFL) for an actual incident pump power of about 2 W (Nd:YVO₄ power of 6.90 W). The conversion efficiency is as high as 40%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest conversion efficiency of RFL pumped by solid-state laser. The output power instability at 1484 nm in half an hour is less than 3%. In addition, the numerical simulations are also performed. Good agreement between the results of numerical simulation and the results of the experiment has been demonstrated.     

Dual-order Raman fiber laser with suppressed low-frequency pump-to-stokes RIN transfer

By employing an output-power clamping technique, a dual-order Raman fiber laser (RFL) is theoretically presented with suppressed low-frequency relative-intensity-noise (RIN) transfer from pump sources to both first- and second-order Stokes output. Their powers can be easily tuned in a large dynamic range. Furthermore, the second-order output power can be individually controlled, which makes it flexible to adjust the ratio of the first- to second-order output power. In addition, the stabilization of low-power second-order output is also accomplished in the RFL setup. These properties fit the proposed RFL for use as dual-order pump sources in Raman fiber amplifiers.     

Hundred-watt-level linearly polarized tunable Raman random fiber laser

A high power linearly polarized tunable Raman random fiber laser(RFL) was studied theoretically and experimentally. The parameters required for the system design were obtained through numerical simulation, based on which a hundred-watt-level linearly polarized tunable RFL was successfully demonstrated. The central wavelength can be continuously tuned from 1113.76 to 1137.44 nm, and the output power exceeds 100 W for all of the lasing wavelengths with the polarization extinction ratio(PER) exceeding 20 d B at the maximum output power.Besides, the linewidth, spectral evolution, and temporal dynamics of a specified wavelength(1124.72 nm) were investigated in detail. Moreover, the theoretical results and the experimental results fit well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for a hundred-watt-level linearly polarized tunable RFL ever reported.     

Turbulence-induced square-root broadening of the Raman fiber laser output spectrum

The output characteristics of the conventional one-stage Raman fiber laser (RFL) are described in an optical wave turbulence formalism. Simple analytical expressions describing RFL output power and its spectral shape are presented, and square-root law for the output spectrum broadening law has been discovered. The indications of the turbulent-like spectral broadening in other types of cw fiber lasers and propagation phenomena in fibers are also discussed.     

随机光纤激光器中光纤与随机介质匹配问题的研究

降低阈值是随机激光实用化的前提, 随机光纤激光器是将随机增益介质填充到空芯光子晶体光纤中利 用其光子禁带来降低阈值的一种随机激光器. 理论分析表明: 在光子晶体光纤光子禁带的约束下, 随机光纤激光器中的大部分能量被集中在芯区传播, 这使局域在芯区的光与随机介质相互作用得到增强, 激发效率得以提高. 然而, 光纤填充介质后, 纤芯等效折射率发生了改变, 光子带隙也会随之移动, 因此当选用带隙光纤来降低阈值时, 只考虑光纤本身的带隙是不够的, 应考虑到介质的增益频率和填充后的光子带隙之间的匹配问题, 合理选择光纤或介质的材料, 如果匹配得当, 光子禁带对激光的调控能力会更强, 激光阈值有望得到更大程度的降低. 关键词： 随机激光 光子晶体光纤 光子禁带 阈值     

封离式He-N$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;-CO$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;激光器横模特性的测量与分析

利用激光光束分析仪,实时在线测量了一根He-N₂-CO₂封离式激光管的横模分布特性,得到了激光模式随放电电流的变化关系.实验表明该激光器在最佳工作电流时,容易形成低阶模运转,但很难获得基模运转,通过改善对称性以及加快冷却水流速可以获得基模运转.通过激光动力学过程分析了模式变化的形成原因,为大功率激光器模式控制与改善提供了一定的理论和实验借鉴. 关键词： 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 横模 激光模式分析 光束质量     

Investigation of cw injection laser with external dispersive cavity

Tunable single-frequency lasing with output power up to 9 mW was achieved in an injection laser with an external dispersive cavity. The bistable lasing mode was investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that its presence is due to the laser-diode active-region optical nonlinearity. Investigation of equal-frequency fluctuation spectra of the output power has shown that only modes with differing transverse structures can be excited simultaneously. Suppression of weak modes by the field of a strong mode was observed. This increases the stability of the single-frequency lasing as the laser output power is increased.Translated from Trudy Ordena Lenina Fizicheskogo Instituta im. P. N. Lebedeva, Vol. 141, pp. 62–88, 1983.     

描述激光二极管远场光强分布的理论模型

 介绍了描述激光二极管远场光强分布的几种典型理论模型,并与实验结果作了详细比较。结果表明：激光二极管的传输和远场特性应当用非傍轴理论描述,并且远场光强分布一般与输出功率大小有关。在不同功率水平下,异质结激光二极管快轴与慢轴方向的远场行为应选用不同的模型模拟。此外,还对厄米-高斯模型做了修正,考虑了奇数阶厄米-高斯模的贡献,并用厄米-高斯模的非相干叠加代替厄米-高斯模的相干叠加。改进的厄米-高斯模型能更好描述100 mW双异质结GaAlAs LD慢轴方向的远场光强分布。     

Ultrafast switching dynamics of nonlasing modes of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been investigated with ultrafast optical modulation. After injection of a subpicosecond laser pulse into the VCSEL cavity, nonlasing modes were excited and produced optical beating in the emission of the VCSEL. After these oscillations have died down, when the VCSEL is operating at high power and when the injected laser pulses exceed a power threshold as well, the injected laser pulses can induce the lasing to switch to a normally nonlasing mode with crossed polarization. Our measurements of the decay time of the nonlasing modes at low injected pulse energy are consistent with the interpretation of this switching as enabled by increased lifetime of the nonlasing modes at high power.     

Nonlinear mid-IR radiation in two-frequency semiconductor lasers with a corrugated waveguide

The nonlinear generation of a difference frequency mode in an injection quantum-well semiconductor laser is considered. A laser based on the InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP heterostructure is proposed, which generates two modes in the 1-μm range and the difference mode in a corrugated waveguide in the range from 10 to 20 μm. It is shown that the power of the difference mode produced by a laser with a 100-μm-wide waveguide in the mid-IR range at room temperature can be as high as a few microwatts if the power of the short-wave modes is 10 W.     

管板式大功率横流CO2激光横模测量及数值模拟

为了提高激光稳定性和激光加工质量,实验测量了大功率横流CO2激光横模,并理论分析了横模形成机理。针对大功率横流CO2激光器管板式电极结构,由麦克斯韦方程给出电场的横向分布,并通过数值计算得到了激光强度的横向分布。实验结果与数值模拟得到的激光能量分布基本一致。结果表明,在给定放电电压条件下,电极结构和气体流动速率决定了激光横模峰值大小,激光峰值的横向位置取决于气体流动的速率。     

Characterization of 60 GHz Multi Quantum well passively mode-locked laser under optical self-injection locking

The quality and pulse compression of the 60 GHz millimeter wave signals generated by 750 μm long InAlGaAs Multi Quantum Well (MQW) passively mode locked laser under free running and optical self-injection locked conditions are experimentally characterized in terms of longitudinal modes under certain bias currents that range from 24 mA to 90 mA. Initially, the MQW laser is characterized in free running condition with no external injection. The measurements reflect that the free spectral range of laser under test is around 61 GHz and exhibit more than 22 lasing modes. The laser is then integrated into low phase noise self-injection locking oscillator by feeding a part of output RF signal back into the laser cavity to enhance passive mode locking. By doing so the microwave line width of our laser is reduced from 900 kHz to 24 kHz with significant increase in output of resultant beat tones which exhibits strong passive mode locking. This is the first time that the free running microwave line width of MQW laser is reduced up to this level. It is evident from our experimental investigation that as we increase the power and phase correlation between different longitudinal modes inside laser cavity through optical self-injection, the strength of the passively mode locked mechanism is significantly increased and the phase noise of radio frequency signal is drastically reduced.