碰撞转动传能的量子干涉效应中微分干涉角的研究

转动传能的量子干涉效应在静态池实验中发现,并且已测得积分干涉角．为了得到更多关于穿能的准确信息,应利用分之束进行实验．本文基于一阶含时波恩近似,模拟了利用分子束实验进行量子干涉效应研究的理论模型．此模型采用了Lennard-Jones 相互作用势和直线轨道近似．通过本文建立的模型,研究了影响干涉效应的微分干涉角的因素,并且得到了微分干涉角和碰撞速度、碰撞参数及碰撞伴间的关系．此理论模型对于对于指导分子束实验具有重要的意义．     

转动传能量子干涉效应:干涉角影响因素的研究

碰撞转动传能中存在量子干涉效应已经在静态池实验中被观测到,并且积分角也能被测量.利用分子束实验可得到转动传能更准确的信息,进而得到影响干涉角的的具体因素.文中利用一阶含时波恩近似和L-J相互作用势,建立了原子—双原子分子碰撞系统转动传能的量子干涉模型,描述了观察和测量微分干涉角的方法,得到了微分干涉角与碰撞半径和碰撞速度间的关系,同时也得到了积分干涉角和实验温度的关系.此理论模型对于理解和进行分子束实验是非常重要的.     

原子-双原子分子体系碰撞诱导中的量子干涉效应

碰撞转动传能中存在量子干涉效应已经在静态池实验中被观测到,并且积分角也能被测量.但静态池掩盖了大量的实验信息,利用分子束实验可得到转动传能更准确的信息,进而得到影响干涉角的的具体因素.文中运用含时微扰的一级波恩近似理论和各向异性相互作用势,建立了原子-双原子分子(混合态)体系碰撞诱导转动能量传递中的量子干涉效应的理论模型,描述了观察和测量微分干涉角的方法,得到了微分干涉角与碰撞半径和碰撞速度间的关系,同时也得到了实验温度对微分干涉角的影响.此理论模型对于理解和进行分子束实验是非常重要的.     

原子-双原子分子体系碰撞诱导中的量子干涉效应（第十五届全国原子与分子物理学术会议会议论文）

碰撞转动传能中存在量子干涉效应已经在静态池实验中被观测到,并且积分角也能被测量。但静态池掩盖了大量的实验信息,利用分子束实验可得到转动传能更准确的信息,进而得到影响干涉角的的具体因素。文中运用含时微扰的一级波恩近似理论和各向异性相互作用势,建立了原子-双原子分子（混合态）体系碰撞诱导转动能量传递中的量子干涉效应的理论模型,描述了观察和测量微分干涉角的方法,得到了微分干涉角与碰撞半径和碰撞速度间的关系,同时也得到了实验温度对微分干涉角的影响。此理论模型对于理解和进行分子束实验是非常重要的.     

NaH– He碰撞系统转动传能量子干涉效应的研究

为了进一步理解原子双原子系统碰撞转动传能中的量子干涉效应,本文对NaH —He碰撞系统进行了理论计算。本文利用一阶含时波恩近似和L-J相互作用势,建立了原子-双原子分子碰撞系统转动传能的量子干涉模型,通过本文理论可得出影响碰撞系统积分干涉角的因素,同时也得到了积分干涉角和转动量子数间的关系。此理论模型对于理解和进行分子束实验是非常重要的。     

NaH (b3Π～A1∑+)-He碰撞系统转动传能量子干涉效应的研究

为了进一步理解原子双原子系统碰撞转动传能中的量子干涉效应,本文对NaH(b3Π～A1∑+)-He碰撞系统进行了理论计算.本文利用一阶含时波恩近似和L-J相互作用势,建立了原子-双原子分子碰撞系统转动传能的量子干涉模型.通过本文理论可得出影响碰撞系统积分干涉角的因素,同时也得到了积分干涉角和转动量子数间的关系.此理论模型对于理解和进行分子束实验是非常重要的.     

深入理论研究碰撞转动传能量子干涉效应的微分干涉角

分子内部转动传能的静态池实验观察到了碰撞量子干涉效应(CQI),并且测得积分干涉角,为了获得更加精确的分子内部转动传能的碰撞量子干涉效应信息,实验就必须要采用分子束实验进行.本文理论上采用各项异性相互作用势,应用含时微扰理论的一级波恩近似,假想在分子束实验的条件下,建立在原子—双原子分子体系中碰撞量子干涉的理论模型.理论上推导出微分干涉角具体表达式,通过计算定性地讨论了微分干涉角随着碰撞参数、速率等的变化趋势,同时初步探讨了实验的正确观测途径,得出了采用分子束进行实验观测的实验方法,为进一步进行分子束实验提供了理论基础,对实验的进行起到了一定的借鉴作用.     

转动传能中的量子干涉: 干涉角和相对速度的关系

考虑一级含时波恩近似和长程相互作用势 ,Sun提出了转动传能中的量子干涉模型 .在静态池中COA1Π～e3Σ- 和He碰撞的实验已经成功模拟 .为了从实验中直接获得碰撞速度和干涉角的关系 ,Sha提出了利用分子束和离子速度成像技术的实验 .作为理论研究干涉角和碰撞速度的关系 ,计算了不同速度下的干涉角 ,同时获得了变化的趋势 .对在分子束条件下 (通过控制碰撞速度来控制干涉角 )实验具有指导意义     

量子干涉效应中干涉角和散射角的研究

利用波恩近似理论对双原子激发态转动传能进行了剖析,更深入的研究了原子分子碰撞过程中量子干涉效应相关信息.利用各项异性相互作用势和直线轨迹近似建立了新的量子干涉模型,讨论了原子与双原子分子碰撞时散射角和微分干涉角的关系,得到了干涉角和各向异性参数及转动量子数的关系.     

量子干涉效应中干涉角和散射角的研究

利用波恩近似理论对双原子激发态转动传能进行了剖析,更深入的研究了原子分子碰撞过程中量子干涉效应相关信息．利用各项异性相互作用势和直线轨迹近似建立了新的量子干涉模型,讨论了原子与分子碰撞时散射角和微分干涉角的关系,得到了干涉角和各向异性参数及转动量子数的关系．     

Underbarrier interference

Quantum tunneling through a two-dimensional static barrier becomes unusual when a momentum of an electron has a tangent component with respect to a border of the prebarrier region. If the barrier is not homogeneous in the direction perpendicular to tunneling a fraction of the electron state is waves propagating away from the barrier. When the tangent momentum is zero a mutual interference of the waves results in an exponentially small outgoing flux. The finite tangent momentum destroys the interference due to formation of caustics by the waves. As a result, a significant fraction of the prebarrier density is carried away from the barrier providing a not exponentially small penetration even through an almost classical barrier. The total electron energy is well below the barrier.     

双棱镜干涉实验中干涉光场的调控

针对双棱镜干涉实验存在的问题,在分析双棱镜分波前干涉原理和讨论双棱镜干涉光场的结构及其相干性的基础上,探讨了怎样通过优化实验参数调控干涉光场获得适于观测的干涉条纹.使学生更好地领略物理思想和学会实验方法,培养研究能力和启迪创新意识,促进光学教学的改革.     

Wide-band interference filters

Results of calculations are presented that demonstrate the possibility of constructing two-and threecomponent coatings for wide-band interference filters for the medium infrared spectral region with characteristics that could be realized earlier only in four-component interference coatings.     

Single-photon wavefront-splitting interference

We present a new realization of the textbook experiment consisting in single-photon interference based on the pulsed, optically excited photoluminescence of a single colour centre in a diamond nanocrystal. Interferences are created by wavefront-splitting with a Fresnel’s biprism and observed by registering the “single-photon clicks” with an intensified CCD camera. This imaging detector provides also a real-time movie of the build-up of the single-photon fringes. We perform a second experiment with two detectors sensitive to photons that follow either one or the other interference path. Evidence for single photon behaviour is then obtained from the absence of time coincidence between detections in these two paths. Electronic supplementary material Online Material -- Movies showing the built-up of the interference pattern Gradual build-up of the interference pattern can be observed in the animated movies presented hereafter.     

Quantum interference rectifier

Electron transport in bent quantum wire in the presence of a magnetic field which is orthogonal to the system plane is considered. Possible constructions of “quantum interference switch” and “quantum interference rectifier” are suggested.     

Multimode Hong-Ou-mandel interference

We consider multimode two-photon interference at a beam splitter by photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The resulting interference pattern is shown to depend upon the transverse spatial symmetry of the pump beam. In an experiment, we employ the first-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in order to show that, by manipulating the pump beam, one can control the resulting two-photon interference behavior. We expect these results to play an important role in the engineering of quantum states of light for use in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.     

Electron-holographic interference microscopy

Recent developments in electron interference microscopy are introduced based on holography principles. This technique has been given a major boost due to the development of a coherent field-emission electron beam. This has facilitated the measurement of the phase distribution of an electron beam transmitted through or reflected from an object to within 1/100 of the electron wavelength. Phase distribution can be displayed as a phase contour map in an electron micrograph. There the contour fringes directly and quantitatively indicate the thickness contours of a uniform sample, magnetic lines of force of a magnetic sample and equipotential lines of an electrostatic sample. Microscopic objects or fields have made their appearance in amplified interference micrographs through the use of this technique. Specific examples are the static and even dynamic observation of magnetic fluxons penetrating a superconductor and the quantitative measurement of specimen thickness or topography in atomic dimensions.     

Thermal wave interference

Thermal waves are used in nondestructive testing for defect analysis by lock-in-thermography. A thermal wave field contains useful information about material and component properties, such as layer thickness or reflection coefficients of internal boundaries. Only the exact knowledge of the thermal wave field enables quantitative evaluation of these parameters. For example, a calculated wave field can be used for deconvolution of lock-in-thermography images as it provides a point spread function and therefore gives a better lateral resolution. For a better knowledge of thermal wave fields, basic experiments concerning interference effects are presented in this paper.