Polysaccharide accumulation dynamics in Iris pseudacorus

It was established by studying carbohydrates of Iris pseudacorus during vegetative periods that the content of water-soluble polysaccharides in the rhizomes and roots is greatest during seed ripening; of pectinic substances, during budding. Glycomannan was isolated from seeds. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 216–217, May–June, 2006.     

Biologically Active Substances from Cacalia hastate Leaves. 1. Carbohydrates from Leaves and Their Hypoglycemic Activity

Leaves of Cacalia hastate L. (Asteraceae) were composed of free sugars, water-soluble polysaccharides (arabinogalactan type), pectinic substances, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. The hypoglycemic activity was determined for the water-soluble polysaccharides and pectinic substances.     

Accumulation Dynamics of Ecdysterone and Carbohydrates in Callus Tissue of Ajuga turkestanica

The accumulation dynamics of ecdysterone, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectinic substances during growth of callus tissue ofAjuga turkestanicawere studied     

Carbohydrates from the aerial part of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ferula kuhistanica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">F. tenuisecta</Emphasis>

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectinic substances, and hemicelluloses were isolated from the aerial part of Ferula kuhistanica and F. tenuisecta. Their physicochemical properties were determined.     

Lipid - Carbohydrate Composition of Hibiscus esculenthus

The lipid composition of ripe and green fruit of Hibiscus esculenthus cultivated in Uzbekistan was studied. The fatty-acid composition of pod and seed lipids was determined. Carbohydrate components including water-soluble polysaccharides, pectinic substances, and hemicellulose were characterized.     

Glucofructans from Arctium tomentosum Roots

Roots of Arctium tomentosum (Compositae) were found to contain water-soluble polysaccharides (glucofructans), pectinic substances, and hemicellulose. The structure of the glucofructan was established by chemical methods and IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies.     

Polysaccharides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crotalaria alata</Emphasis>

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectinic substances, and hemicellulose were isolated from various organs of Crotalaria alata cultivated in Uzbekistan. Water-soluble polysaccharides that were present in seeds were found to be galactomannans.     

Carbohydrates and Lipids of Gleditsia triacanthos Seeds

The carbohydrate and lipid compositions of seeds from Gleditsia triacanthos L. cultivated in Uzbekistan are investigated. Water-soluble polysaccharide (galactomannan), pectinic substances, and hemicellulose are isolated. Their physicochemical properties and monosaccharide composition are found. The content and fatty-acid composition of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids are determined.     

Phenylpropanoids and polysaccharides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plantago depressa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. media</Emphasis> growing in Buryatia

The composition of phenylpropanoids and polysaccharides from leaves of Plantago depressa and P. media (Plantaginaceae) growing in Buryatia was studied. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids and acteoside were found in the studied plants; isoacteoside and plantamajoside, in P. media. The dominant compound in P. depressa was acteoside (8.72 mg/g); in P. media, plantamajoside (7.69 mg/g). These were responsible for the pronounced antiradical activity. Polysaccharide components that were extracted by water and an oxalate mixture were highly esterified pectinic substances with anti-atherogenic activity.     

Chemical composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aloe arborescens</Emphasis> and its change by biostimulation

The chemical composition of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) and its change by biostimulation (cold stress) were studied. It was found that aloe-emodin; 2′′-O-feruloylaloesin; aloins A and B; aloenin; free glucose, saccharose, and fructose; pectinic substances; and malic, malonic, and oxalic acids were present. 4-Methoxy-6-(4′-hydroxy6′-methylphenyl)-2-pyrone, 7-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylchromone, umbeliferone, esculetin, and vanillic and veratric acids were found for the first time. Changes in the chemical composition of A. arborescens due to biostimulation for 5-10 d increased the antiradical and biostimulating activity of the raw material.     

Lamiaceae carbohydrates. 1. Pectinic substances and hemicelluloses from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mentha x piperita</Emphasis>

Pectinic substances from the aerial part of Mentha x piperita were isolated and characterized and found to be a mixture of β-(1→4)-glucogalactan (MPG) and two α-(1→4)-rhamnopolygalacturonans (MPP′-1 and MPP′-2). It was shown that the pectin and its components exhibited membrane-stabilizing, antiatherogenic, and antioxidant activity. Hemicelluloses from M. piperita were a lignocarbohydrate complex. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 411–416, September–October, 2007.     

Carbohydrates of Allium. XIII. Glucofructans ofAllium suvorovii

The structures of the glucofructans GFAS-B3 and GFAS-I have been established on the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR and¹³C NMR spectroscopies. It has been shown that the glucofructans studied are compounds containing both inulin, (2→1)β, and levan, (2→6)β, glycosidic bonds. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 179–183, March–April, 1994.     

Steroidal glycosides of gitogenin from Allium rotundum

Two new steroidal glycosides were isolated by fractionation of total extracted substances from inflorescences and flower stalks of Allium rotundum (Alliaceae). The structures were determined on the basis of chemical transformations, physical constants, and spectral data as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan2α,3β,22α,26-tetraol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) and (25R)-5α-spirostan-2α,3β-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-βD-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (3).     

Flavonoid glycosides fromThalictrum squarrosum St. ex Willd. andThalictrum minus L.

Two flavonoid allose diglycosides were found in the terrestrial part ofThalictrum squarrosum St. ex Willd. andT. minus L. (Ranunculaceae). 7,4′-Di-O-β-allopyranosylapigenin was isolated fromT. minus. InT. squarrosum, its monoacetate was also found and characterized as 7-O-(6-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl)-4′-O-(β-allopyranosyl)apigenin. The sites of attachment of the carbohydrate residues were determined by HMBC; the location of the acetate group was identified by ROESY. Both substances were isolated from these plants for the first time. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 392–394, February, 1999.     

Polysaccharides ofUngernia. XV. A study of the pectin substances of the leaves ofUngernia tadschicorum

Pectin substances have been isolated from the leaves ofUngernia tadschicorum and characterized. A galacturonan has been obtained by partial hydrolysis. On the basis of the results of IR spectroscopy and periodiate — nitric acid oxidation, its structure has been established as an α-1→4-bound polymer-homolog. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, 320–322, May–June, 1994.     

Steroids of the spirostan and furostan series from plants of the genus Allium. XXVI. Structure of anzurogenin and anzuroside from the collective fruits of Allium suvorovii and Allium stipitatum

A new steroid glycoside of the spirostan series, anzuroside, has been isolated from the collective fruits of the cocultivatedAllium suvorovii Rgl. andA. stipitatum Rgl. (family Liliaceae, local name “anzur”). Enzymatic cleavage of the glycoside has given the previously undescribed steroid sapogenin anzurogenic C, which has the structure of (24S, 25S)-2α,3β,5,24-tetrahydroxy-5β-spirostan-6-one. Anzuroside is the 24-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of anzurogenin C. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 505–510, July–August, 1989.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus tuberosus</Emphasis> tubers

Free and bound lipids from Helianthus tuberosus tubers were investigated. Neutral, glyco-and phospholipid classes and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The composition of unsaponified substances was established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–4, January–February, 2008.     

Thermodynamic properties of an alternating copolymer of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene and carbon monoxide in a region from <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> → 0 to 550 K

The temperature dependence of the heat capacity of an alternating copolymer of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene and carbon monoxide in the temperature range 6–550 K (with an error of 0.2–0.5% at 6–350 K and 0.5–1.5% at 330–550 K) was studied by the adiabatic vacuum and dynamic calorimetry. Physical transformations of the copolymer in the studied temperature region were identified, and their thermodynamic characteristics were determined. The combustion energy of the copolymer at 298.15 K was measured in a calorimeter with a static bomb and isothermal jacket. The thermodynamic functions for a region of 0–550 K, enthalpy of combustion, and thermodynamic parameters of copolymer formation from simple substances at T = 298.15 K and p = 101.325 kPa were calculated from the obtained experimental data. The new results and earlier published data were used for the calculation of the thermodynamic characteristics of the alternate copolymerization of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene and CO under standard pressure for a region of 0–350 K for the bulk reaction. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1483–1487, June, 2005.     

Chemical composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus silvestris</Emphasis> essential oil from contaminated areas

The chemical composition of Pinus silvestris essential oil from contaminated areas was studied. An apparent effect of radionuclides and toxic elements on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in common pine essential oil was found. Increasing contamination apparently increased the content of sesquiterpenes and O-containing substances and decreased the content of monoterpenes in the essential oil. The contents of α-pinene, camphene, and limonene increased and those of 3-carene, terpinolene, and β-pinene decreased in the monoterpene fraction. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 47–49, January–February, 2007.     

Estimation of the densities of solutions using the geometrical parameters of their component molecules

A new model based on certain physical concepts of interatomic interactions is proposed for simulating the volume characteristics of molecules that allow reliable estimations of the densities of substances and solutions. The model is used to calculate the solution densities for six substances within wide concentration ranges. Chelyabinsk State University. Translated fromZhurmal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 823–827, September–October, 1995. Translated by I. Izvekova