雾化场光学全息与数字全息联合测量

针对雾化场光学全息测量存在干板湿化学处理繁琐、再现像采集耗时的问题,提出光学全息与数字全息联合测量的方法,建立由同轴光学全息、同轴数字全息以及数字延迟信号发生器组成的测量系统,并以双孔直射式喷嘴产生的雾化场为测量对象,利用该测量系统在一次测量中同时获得雾化场的光学全息和数字全息的再现图像,两者具有很好的一致性。光学和数字再现图像相对应的视场范围分别为27.87 mm4.77 mm和27.59 mm6.67 mm,数字方式获得视场范围内单一层面再现像的时间仅为8 s,而光学方式将近1 h。结果表明,光学全息与数字全息联合测量时,通过数字全息的雾化再现图像能够对实验总体效果进行实时评估,提高了雾化场全息测量的实验效率。     

High-efficiency holographic volume index gratings in DR1-dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate)

Holographic volume index gratings with high diffraction efficiency (greater than 80%) are recorded in a thick sample of Disperse Red 1-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) with red light (647 nm), which is far away from the absorption peak (488 nm) of the material. Measurements of photoinduced birefringence and polarization holography recording confirm that the azo-dye reorientation mechanism is responsible for the grating formation. Energy coupling between the two writing beams is observed even when the incident beams have equal intensity.     

Analysis of the recording efficiency of dynamic gratings in bacteriorhodopsin with the help of differential absorption spectra

The spectral distribution of the diffraction efficiency of amplitude-phase dynamic gratings in bacteriorhodopsin D96N is calculated based on the family of differential absorption spectra and the dispersion relations written in the difference form. The diffraction efficiencies at different wavelengths, and the diffraction efficiency ratio between the amplitude and phase components of a dynamic grating, are measured using the dynamic holography methods. It is shown that the experimental and calculation results agree well with each other within the absorption band of the initial trans state of bacteriorhodopsin.     

CG光学扫描全息术和FZP光学扫描全息术分辨率比较

本文通过计算机仿真对ＦＺＰ 光学扫描全息术和ＣＧ 光学扫描全息术的横向和纵向分辨率进行了比较。无论是ＦＺＰ 还是ＣＧ 光学扫描全息术,其系统的分辨率与它们的环数有关,当环数越多时,分辨率越高。对于同样大小的ＦＺＰ 和ＣＧ,ＣＧ 光学扫描全息系统的分辨率比ＦＺＰ 光学扫描全息系统的分辨率要好     

High-precision method for measuring the photothermal properties of transparent media with digital holography

Quantitative phase microscopy by digital holography provides direct access to the phase profile of a transparent subject with high precision.This is useful for observing phenomena that modulate phase,but are otherwise difficult or impossible to detect.In this letter,a carefully constructed digital holographic apparatus is used to measure optically induced thermal lensing with an optical path difference precision of less than 1 nm.Furthermore,by taking advantage of the radial symmetry of a thermal lens,such data are processed to determine the absorption coefficient of transparent media with precisions as low as 1×10-5 cm-1 using low power(30 mW) continuous wave(CW) excitation.     

High resolution digital holography

In digital Fresnel holography, present specifications of charge-coupled device cameras require the incident beams to be quasi-parallel. That implies large speckle grain size and low lateral resolution in reconstructed images. Better lateral resolutions are demonstrated in our work, down to 8 μm, allowing the observation of sub-millimetre objects by digital holography. The experimental set-up built samples the incident light distribution with a definition of 500 pixels mm⁻¹. The maximum acceptable angle is then widened and the hologram recording and reconstruction distances are drastically reduced, as well as the speckle size. Interferometric holography was implemented for the measurement of the deformation of a sub-millimetre silicon cantilever and results in phase-contrasts imaging are also reported. The design of dedicated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensor cameras is also discussed.     

全息照相实验的技巧

本简要介绍了全息照相的基本原理,总结了全息照相的基本要素,重点讲述了快速调节全息照相光路的技巧。使学生在实验课有限的时间内,拍摄出理想的全息图,较好地完成实验内容,提高了实验教学质量。     

全息术及其应用

全息术是一种用相干光干涉得到物体全部信息的2步成像技术。全息术的发展大约可分同轴全息术、离轴全息术、白光再现全息术、白光全息术等4个阶段。全息术具有三维、不可撕毁、再现像的缩放、信息容量大等特点。全息术是一门正在蓬勃发展的光学分支，近年来已渗透到社会生活的各个领域并被广泛地应用于近代科学研究和工业生产中，特别是在现代测试、生物工程、医学、艺术、商业、保安及现代存储技术等方面已显示出特殊的优势。随着全息技术的快速发展，全息技术的产品正越来越多地走向市场、应用于现代生活中。     

同轴数字全息用于血吸虫尾蚴检测研究

由于水的表面易出现抖动或波动情况,而传统的显微镜成像需要精确的光学焦聚过程,因此不适于观察漂浮于水表面的血吸虫尾蚴.本文论述了用同轴数字全息检测血吸虫尾蚴的基本原理.通过对再现像进行小波分析发现,偏离焦点时的小波变换高频系数的幅值比聚焦时要小得多.针对这一特点,本文对小波变换清晰度评价函数进行了改进,将原来利用高频系数之和改为利用聚焦窗口中高频系数的最大幅值为清晰度评价依据.在模拟实验结果中清晰度评价函数极大值出现在再现距离与记录距离相等处,说明了该算法的准确性.建立了用于血吸虫尾蚴检测的实验装置,可方便获取普通显微图像及数字全息图.实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能实现实际情况下的数字全息自动聚焦,其再现像的分辨率与装有1倍显微镜头的数码显微镜分辨率相当,足以清晰地分辨出血吸虫尾蚴的尾部分叉特征.利用同轴数字全息技术可在水面与图像传感器之间的距离不确定的情况下实现对血吸虫尾蚴的检测.     

数字像面全息与同轴全息实验研究

通过采用数字像面全息与同轴全息技术拍摄透明物体以及不透明物体的全息图,并在计算机上再现。结果表明,当记录较小物体的全息图像时像面全息技术更加合适。     

同轴数字全息用于血吸虫尾蚴检测研究

由于水的表面易出现抖动或波动情况,而传统的显微镜成像需要精确的光学焦聚过程,因此不适于观察漂浮于水表面的血吸虫尾蚴.本文论述了用同轴数字全息检测血吸虫尾蚴的基本原理.通过对再现像进行小波分析发现,偏离焦点时的小波变换高频系数的幅值比聚焦时要小得多.针对这一特点,本文对小波变换清晰度评价函数进行了改进,将原来利用高频系数之和改为利用聚焦窗口中高频系数的最大幅值为清晰度评价依据.在模拟实验结果中清晰度评价函数极大值出现在再现距离与记录距离相等处,说明了该算法的准确性.建立了用于血吸虫尾蚴检测的实验装置,可方便获取普通显微图像及数字全息图.实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能实现实际情况下的数字全息自动聚焦,其再现像的分辨率与装有1倍显微镜头的数码显微镜分辨率相当,足以清晰地分辨出血吸虫尾蚴的尾部分叉特征.利用同轴数字全息技术可在水面与图像传感器之间的距离不确定的情况下实现对血吸虫尾蚴的检测.     

Nonlinear optical properties of composites based on conductive metal-alkanoate liquid crystals

The dynamic holography in new composite materials based on a novel class of metal-alkanoate ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) is studied experimentally and theoretically. The composites are formed as a dielectric dye film covered by lyotropic metal-alkanoate ILC and ionic smectic glasses with doped dye molecules. The dynamic gratings are created by nanosecond pulses of double frequency Nd:YAP laser, the recording demonstrates fast erasure time of residual thermal gratings. The nonlinear optical properties are determined by the resonance nonlinearity in photosensitive centres of ILC. Note, that permanent relief gratings will be formed on a dielectric dye film only as well as in composite cells either with nematic LC or with polymers under action of pulsed laser radiation. Lyotropic ILC layer applied over the dye film provides the dynamic regime of grating recording in composite cells. We found a secondary thermal grating is much smaller, the conductive ILC matrix provides effective heat dissipation and erasure of this thermal grating. A theory of Raman-Nath self-diffraction holography on thin films followed from the wave equation and the nonlinear mechanism of absorption saturation is developed to explain experimental results.     

Synchrotron‐radiation phase‐contrast imaging of human stomach and gastric cancer: in vitro studies

The electron density resolution of synchrotron‐radiation phase‐contrast imaging (SR‐PCI) is 1000 times higher than that of conventional X‐ray absorption imaging in light elements, through which high‐resolution X‐ray imaging of biological soft tissue can be achieved. For biological soft tissue, SR‐PCI can give better imaging contrast than conventional X‐ray absorption imaging. In this study, human resected stomach and gastric cancer were investigated using in‐line holography and diffraction enhanced imaging at beamline 4W1A of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. It was possible to depict gastric pits, measuring 50–70 µm, gastric grooves and tiny blood vessels in the submucosa layer by SR‐PCI. The fine structure of a cancerous ulcer was displayed clearly on imaging the mucosa. The delamination of the gastric wall and infiltration of cancer in the submucosa layer were also demonstrated on cross‐sectional imaging. In conclusion, SR‐PCI can demonstrate the subtle structures of stomach and gastric cancer that cannot be detected by conventional X‐ray absorption imaging, which prompt the X‐ray diagnosis of gastric disease to the level of the gastric pit, and has the potential to provide new methods for the imageology of gastric cancer.     

辅助紫光提高菌紫质全息衍射效率的实验和理论研究

由于菌紫质样品的饱和吸收特性，在全息记录中，当记录光强大于样品的饱和光强时，全息光栅透过率随记录光相位差的分布远离余弦型，因此衍射效率的稳定值很低.菌紫质样品在红光和紫光共同作用下存在着双光束互补抑制效应，紫光可以抑制红光的透过率，提高红光的饱和光强，使记录区域由非线性区移至线性区，从而使全息光栅透过率随记录光相位差的分布变为余弦型，可以有效地提高全息衍射效率.实验证明，辅助紫光大大提高了菌紫质样品全息衍射效率的稳定值.根据此原理，建立了三光束全息光存储系统，在红光记录全息图的同时加入辅助紫光，可以使全息图衍射效率及衍射像的像质得到提高. 关键词： 菌紫质 全息存储 衍射效率 饱和吸收     

傅立叶变换全息图的优化拍摄

从傅立叶变换全息的基本理论出发,分析了傅立叶变换全息图的产生条件。用小型全息设备制作傅立叶变换全息图,对实验中光路调整、显影、再现等问题进行比较分析,优化拍摄,最终得到较满意的实验效果。     

激光全息技术的应用及发展趋势的研究

举例介绍了激光全息技术在几个学科和产业领域的应用现状,分析了几个应用实例中的突出优点和存在的问题,讨论了几个学科领域激光全息技术的发展趋势。结论表明:随着激光全息技术不断与其它学科技术,尤其是其它学科最新技术的交叉和综合运用,激光全息技术的应用前景是很大的。目的是明确激光全息技术的发展方向,不断推动激光全息技术的发展和应用。     

Uncertainty of array-based measurement of radiated and absorbed sound intensity

Patch near-field acoustic holography (NAH) coupled with an array of sound intensity probes allows separating the sound field incident on a surface from the one radiated by the surface itself. Although the measurement principle has been successfully used to separate the noise source contribution from disturbing sources and/or noise reflections, the method accuracy has not been investigated in the literature. We describe the results of experiments meant to evaluate the uncertainty in the identification of noise radiated by vibrating panels with different absorption characteristics in presence of an incident acoustic radiation using the statistically optimized near-field acoustic holography. Measurement errors were evaluated through tests performed in controlled acoustic conditions. Results evidenced that the measurement uncertainty depends on the accuracy of the microphone array positioning and on the incident sound field. These conclusions were in agreement with the results obtained by simulations in the phase of instrument optimization.     

在灯光下演示全息照相

介绍新的全息照相的实验器材和方法，使全息照相的全过程可以在灯光下完成，可用作课堂演示实验．     

基于深度学习的粒子场数字全息成像研究进展

粒子场的数字全息成像中,由一幅粒子场全息图重建出高精度的三维粒子场分布,是数字全息技术领域的经典问题之一。相比于传统反向重建算法,深度学习算法可以从单个全息图直接重建出三维粒子场来简化算法复杂度,提高计算效率和准确率。介绍国内外研究团队将深度学习算法结合数字全息技术实现粒子场数字全息成像的研究进展,从不同粒子表征方法入手,叙述了支持向量机、全连接神经网络、全卷积网络、U-Net网络、深度神经网络在粒子场数字全息成像中粒子表征及粒子场反向重建过程中的应用原理、实现途径和准确率。最后指出了深度学习算法在这一研究领域的优势及目前基于深度学习算法的不足,并对如何进一步提高该方法的准确率进行了展望。     

Continuous-wave terahertz in-line digital holography

A terahertz (THz) in-line digital holography project has been proposed based on a CO₂ pumped 2.52?THz continuous-wave laser and a pyroelectric-array camera used as the detector. The THz Gabor in-line digital holograms have been obtained and then the high resolution reconstruction of THz in-line digital holography was realized. The resolution of an in-line digital holography system has been tested by the use of a series of objects. High-quality and high-resolution reconstructed images have been obtained, and the real lateral resolution is higher than 0.2?mm. It can be inferred from the results that the THz Gabor in-line digital holography system has the abilities of real-time and high-resolution imaging.